直接引語和間接引語的用法及練習(xí)題(附答案)

1、直接引語和間接引語的用法引述別人的話有兩種方式：一是使用引號引出人家的原話，這叫做直接引語；二是用自己的話把人家的話轉(zhuǎn)述出來，被轉(zhuǎn)述的話不放在引號內(nèi)，這叫做間接引語。例如：John said, Im goi ng to Lon don with my father. 約翰說：我要和父親到倫敦去。”(引號內(nèi)是直接引語)Joh n said that he was going to London with his father.約翰說，他要和他父親去倫敦。(賓語從句是間接引語)間接引語在大多數(shù)情況下是一個賓語從句，直接引語變成間接引語時，要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：人稱、時態(tài)、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語、動

2、詞、句式的變化以及賓語從句要用陳述句語序。一、如何變句型：1.直接引語是陳述句時，間接引語改為that 弓 I 導(dǎo)的賓語從句(口語中 that 可以省略)，主句的引 述動詞主要有 say ,tell, repeat, explain, think 等。He said , You are youn ger tha n I.-He said (that ) I was youn ger tha n him.2. 直接引語是疑問句時，間接引語為陳述語序：主句的謂語動詞 say 改為 ask,或改為 wonder, do notknow, want to know, be not sure, be p

3、uzzled 等。(1)直接引語是一般疑問句或反意疑問句時，間接引語變?yōu)?if (whether)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。She said, Do you ofte n come here to read n ewspapers?TShe asked me if (或 whether)I often went there to read newspapers.She asked me , You have see n the film, have nt you?TShe asked me whether(或 if )I had see n the film.注意：大多數(shù)情況下，if 和 whether

4、 可以互換，但后有 or not,或在動詞不定式前，或放在介詞后作連接詞時，一般只用whether。例如：She asked me whether he could do it or not.(2)直接引語是選擇疑問句時，間接引語變?yōu)?whether.or 賓語從句。I asked him, Will you stay at home or go to a film toni ght?T Iasked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.(3)直接引語是特殊疑問句時，間接引語變?yōu)橛稍瓉淼囊蓡栐~引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(

5、賓語從句必須用陳述句語序)。He asked , Where do you live?THe ashmd where I lived.3. 直接引語是祈使句時，間接引語改為tell(ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise 等)sb.(not) to do sth.句型。(dont 變?yōu)?not )The teacher said to the boy, Ope n the win dow.TThe teacher told the boy to ope n the win dow.His father said to him , Dont leave the

6、d oor open.THis father told him not to leave the door open.注意(1)有些表示建議、提議、勸告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest ,insist 等動詞 加以轉(zhuǎn)述He said, Lets go to the theatre.THe suggested (our )going to the theatre.或 He suggested that we(should) go to the theatre.Would you mind opening the window? he asked.THe asked me to open th

7、e window.Why dont you take a walk after supper? he asked .The advised me to take a walk after supper.Shall we liste n to the music? he asked.THe suggested liste ning to the music.4.直接引語是感嘆句時，間接引語改為 what或 how引導(dǎo)， 也可以用 that引導(dǎo)。She said, What a lovely day it is !TShe said what a lovyidayaitlvtlast it was

8、 a lovely day.二、如何變時態(tài)：直接引語變間接引語時，時態(tài)要做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。現(xiàn)在時改為過去時，過去時改為完成時，過去完成時則保留原來的時態(tài)。(1)一般現(xiàn)在時變?yōu)橐话氵^去時He said1 am angry.”THe told me that he was angry.(2)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時變?yōu)檫^去進(jìn)行時(3)-般將來時變?yōu)檫^去將來時(4)現(xiàn)在完成時變?yōu)檫^去完成時She said.I have lost a pen.TShe said she had lost a pen(5)一般過去時變?yōu)檫^去完成時Mr. Green said to them, “ Joe told me all abou

9、t his story when he asked for a job. ”Mr. Gree n told them Joe had told him all about his story whe n he asked for a job.(6)過去完成時不變，仍為過去完成時(7)過去進(jìn)行時，時態(tài)不變。Jack said.“ Joh n, where were you going whe n I met you in the street?”TJack asked Joh n where he was going whe n he met him in the street。(8) 情態(tài)動詞

10、 mustTmust(had to), canTcould, may.Tmight, shallTshould, willTwould。The teacher said to me . You must pay more atte nti on to your pronun ciati on.TThe teacher told me that I must (had to ) pay more atte nti on to my pronun ciati on.She said. He will go to see his friend。TShe said he would go to see

11、 his friend。注意以下幾種情況間接引語的時態(tài)不變：(1)直接引語表示客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理。如：The teacher said The earth goes round the sun.TThe teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.(2)直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語。如：He said to me, I was born in 1973.Te told me that he was born in 1973.(3)直接引語所述事實(shí)在當(dāng)時和目前同樣生效。如：He said, Im a boy, not a girl

12、.THe said that he is a boy ,not a girl.(4)直接引語中的謂語動詞表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣動作。如:The girl said, I get up at six every mornin g. The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.直接引語中含有 si nee, whe n, while 引導(dǎo)的表示過去時間的狀語從句。如：He said to me, I have taught English since he came here .THe told me that he had taught

13、 En glish since he came here.(6)直接引語中含有沒有過去式的情態(tài)動詞如 need, had better, ought to , used to 等以及已是過去式 的情態(tài)動詞如 could, might, should, would 等。He said , I could swim when I was only six .THe said that he could swim when he was only six.三、如何變指示代詞、時間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等：1. 指示代詞(由這改為那):thisTthattheseTthose2. 表示時間的詞 (由現(xiàn)在改為以

14、前)：nowTthen , todayTthat dayyesterdayTthe day beforethis week(m onth ,etc)Tthat week (mon thlascweek(m on th ,etc)Tthe week(m onth ,etc) beforen ext week (month ,etc)Tthe oHow(fig ) week (month ,etc)3. 表地點(diǎn)的詞：hereTthere4. 動詞: bringTtakecomeTgo注意：如果轉(zhuǎn)述時就在原來的地方，就在說話的當(dāng)天，就不必改變指示代詞、時間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語 等。四、如何變?nèi)朔Q：一隨主，

15、二隨賓，第三人稱不更新”。1. 一隨主”是指在直接引語變間接引語時，如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾，從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化。如：She said,My broth er wants to go with me. TShe said her brother wan ted to go with her.2. 二隨賓”是指直接引語變間接引語時，若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱或被第二人你所修飾，從句中的人稱要跟引號外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號外的主句沒有賓語，也可以用第一人稱，如:He said to Kate, How is your sister now?THe a

16、sked Kate how her sister was then。3. 第三人稱不更新”是指直接引語變間接引語時，如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化。如：three days (a year ,etc) agoTthree days (a year. etcmefoiwTthe next (following ) dayMr Smith said Jack is a good worker。TMr Smith said Jack was a good worker。五、習(xí)題1. “m glad to receive your e-mail, ” sa

17、id he.2. He said to me,Are you going home this weeke nd?3. How do you like the food here? ” said she.4. She said to me, Dont ride in the street.5. Stand where you are! ” the police said to the young man.II.請?jiān)谙铝锌瞻滋幪钌线m當(dāng)?shù)脑~語，使句意不變。1 . She said, Are you from the south? ”She asked_ I_from the south.2. Mom

18、 said to me,Dont tell a lie. ”Mom_ me_ tell a lie.3 . Susan said to me, We visited the Red Star Farm last week. ”Susa n told me that_ the Red StarFarm_ .4 . Mr Paul said to us, Light travels faster than sound.”Mr Paul_ us that light_ faster tha n sound.5 . Go and post the letters, the man ager said

19、to him.The man ager_him_and post the letters.參考答案： I. 1. He said that he was glad to receive my e-mail. 2. He asked me if I was going home that weeke nd.3. She asked how I liked the food there. 4. She told me not to ride in the street. 5. The police ordered the youngman to sta nd where he was.II. 1.

20、 if / whether; was 2. told; not to 3. they had visited; the week beforego4. told; travels 5. told; to練習(xí)題1.He said: I ve left my book in my room.2.She said: “He will be busy.3.She said to Tom, “Can you help me?4She asked,“Is this book yours or his?”f5The teacher asked,“how did you repair it? f6The te

21、acher said to the students,“Dont waste your time.f7The mother said,“Tom, get up early, please.f8The teacher said,“The earth goes round the sun.f9My father said,“Practice makes perfect.f10The boy said to us,“I usually get up at six every day.f11He said,“We are still students.f12He said to me,“I was b

22、orn in 1978.f13The engineer said,“I was at college in 1967.f14He said,“I have studied English since I was a boy. f15She said,“I read the book while I was waiting for a bus.f16Mr. Green said to them,“Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job.f17He said,“We insisted that she start immedi

23、ately.f18She said,“He demanded that the girl leave at once.f19I said to him,“I have finished it.f20She said to us,“Ill come here tomorrow.f21“Where does your chemistry teacher live, Karen?the young man asked.f22“I have gained the first place in the mathematics competition,the little boy said happily

24、.f23“Light travels faster than sound,the physics teacher said to the boys and girls.f24“Will you go to the concert with me this evening?Mary asked me.f25“What did you do here yesterday?the old man asked my brother.f直接引語變間接引語專練題（二）1.He asked _ for the computer.A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much

25、 C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid2.“Have you seen the film?he asked me.fHe asked me _ .A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the filmC. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film3.“ Please close the window,” he saidHe me. me_ the window.A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C.

26、 asked ; to close D. said to; please close4.“ I am a teacher” Jack said. He said_ .A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher5. He said, “ Mother, the boy is very naughty. ” He _ - very naughty.A. said his mother that the boy wasB. said to his mother that t

27、he boy isC. told his mother that the boy wasD. spoke to his mother that the boy was6.“ You ve already got well, haven t yoU?She ahefilsked.A. if I have already got well, hadn t you B. whether I had already got wellC. have I already got well D. had I already got well.7. He asked ,“ Are you a Party me

28、mber or a League member?He asked me_.A. am I a Party member or a League member B. was I a Party member or a League memberC. if I was a Party member or a League member D. whether was I a Party member or a League member.8. He asked, “How are you getting along? ” He asked_.A. how am I getting along B.

29、how are you getting alongC. how I was getting along D. how was I getting along答案1 He told me that he had left his book in his room.2 She said that he would be busy.3 She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.4 She asked me whether that book was mine or his.5 The teacher asked me how I had repaired

30、 it.6 The teacher told the students not to waste their time.7 The mother asked Tom to get up early.8 The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.9 My father said practice makes perfect.10 The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.11 He said they are still students.12 He told me that he was born in 1978.13 The engineer said he was at college in 1967.14 He said he had studied English since he was a boy.15 She said she had read the book while she was waiting for a bus.16 Mr. Green told them Joe had told him all about his st