統(tǒng)計(jì)流程控制

1、Manufacturing Quality Management生產(chǎn)品質(zhì)管理1OutlineQuality DefinitionHouse of Quality (HOQ) ApplicationStatistical Process Control (SPC)統(tǒng)計(jì)流程控制The Cost of Quality品質(zhì)成本Quality Experts and Key ConceptsTQMQuality circleSix SigmaISO 9000吳明泉博士 20072IT/S in Manufacturing Definition of QualityConformance to requi

2、rements與需求相符: meeting written specifications吳明泉博士 20073IT/S in Manufacturing A Simple HOQ（House of Quality) Matrix A matrix defines the relationship between the requirements of customer and product characteristic吳明泉博士 20074IT/S in Manufacturing An example of HOQ MatrixCustomers requirementsproduct c

3、haracteristic吳明泉博士 20075IT/S in Manufacturing A Detailed HOQ客戶對(duì)商品之認(rèn)知及比較產(chǎn)品特性相互關(guān)係重要性技術(shù)評(píng)估及目標(biāo)值吳明泉博士 20076IT/S in Manufacturing An example of Detailed HOQ Matrix吳明泉博士 20077IT/S in Manufacturing Linked Quality Function Deployment (QFD)品質(zhì)功能部署 Matrices品質(zhì)屋組件選用流程規(guī)畫生產(chǎn)需求吳明泉博士 20078IT/S in Manufacturing Quality

4、Function Deployment (QFD)品質(zhì)功能部署之優(yōu)點(diǎn)常用之工具，製造及服務(wù)業(yè)皆然有系統(tǒng)的暸解客戶需求，並轉(zhuǎn)換成技術(shù)需求。便於提早確定產(chǎn)品特性，降低修改設(shè)計(jì)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，減少產(chǎn)品之前置時(shí)間。利於單位間之協(xié)調(diào)與合作可借以開發(fā)出新產(chǎn)品 吳明泉博士 20079IT/S in Manufacturing 統(tǒng)計(jì)流程控制Statistical Process Control (SPC)-Out of Control吳明泉博士 200710IT/S in Manufacturing 都在區(qū)間內(nèi)，且接近平均值上下比例大至相同無不常之型態(tài)統(tǒng)計(jì)流程控制Statistical Process Control

5、 (SPC)-in Control吳明泉博士 200711IT/S in Manufacturing The Cost of Quality品質(zhì)成本Cost of conformance (COC): delivering products that meet requirements and fitness for use達(dá)到完成品符合需求，並適合使用所耗費(fèi)的成本 Cost of nonconformance (CONC): taking responsibility for failures or not meeting quality expectations負(fù)擔(dān)失敗或未能與品質(zhì)期望相符

6、責(zé)任的成本吳明泉博士 200712IT/S in Manufacturing Cost of Quality吳明泉博士 200713IT/S in Manufacturing Five Cost Categories Related to QualityPrevention cost: the cost of planning and executing a project so it is error-free or within an acceptable error range 預(yù)防成本Appraisal cost: the cost of evaluating processes an

7、d their outputs to ensure quality 鑑定成本Internal failure cost: cost incurred to correct an identified defect before the customer receives the product 內(nèi)部錯(cuò)誤成本External failure cost: cost that relates to all errors not detected and corrected before delivery to the customer 外部錯(cuò)誤成本Measurement and test equip

8、ment costs: capital cost of equipment used to perform prevention and appraisal activities 衡量與測(cè)試設(shè)備成本吳明泉博士 200714IT/S in Manufacturing 品質(zhì)成本（傳統(tǒng)vs.現(xiàn)在觀點(diǎn)比較）吳明泉博士 200715IT/S in Manufacturing Modern Quality Managementrequires customer satisfaction客戶滿意prefers prevention to inspection預(yù)防勝於檢驗(yàn)recognizes manageme

9、nt responsibility for quality確認(rèn)品質(zhì)管理的責(zé)任吳明泉博士 200716IT/S in Manufacturing Quality ExpertsDeming was famous for his work in rebuilding Japan and his 14 points戴明十四點(diǎn)管理原則Juran wrote the Quality Control Handbook and 10 steps to quality improvement裘蘭品質(zhì)改善Crosby wrote Quality is Free and suggested that organi

10、zations strive for zero defectsIshikawa developed the concept of quality circles and pioneered the use of Fishbone diagrams石川馨品管圈及魚骨圖Taguchi developed methods for optimizing the process of engineering experimentation田口玄一品質(zhì)工程Feigenbaum developed the concept of total quality control魏根堡全面品質(zhì)控制吳明泉博士 2007

11、17IT/S in Manufacturing Fishbone or Ishikawa Diagram吳明泉博士 200718IT/S in Manufacturing Quality Circle品管圈組織訓(xùn)練問題辨認(rèn)問題分析解決報(bào)告吳明泉博士 200719IT/S in Manufacturing Normal Distribution and Standard Deviation常態(tài)分配與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差吳明泉博士 200720IT/S in Manufacturing Six Sigma and Defective UnitsSpecification Range(in +/- Sigmas)

12、Percent ofPopulationWithin RangeDefective UnitsPer Billion168.27317,300,000295.4545,400,000399.732,700,000499.993763,000599.99994357699.99999982吳明泉博士 200721IT/S in Manufacturing DMAICDefine: Define the problem/opportunity, process, and customer requirementsMeasure: Define measures, collect, compile,

13、 and display dataAnalyze: Scrutinize process details to find improvement opportunitiesImprove: Generate solutions and ideas for improving the problemControl: Track and verify the stability of the improvements and the predictability of the solution吳明泉博士 200722IT/S in Manufacturing Total Quality Management (TQM)Customers Define QualityQuality Leadership and ResponsibilityStrategic planningContinuous ImprovementCooperationStatistical methodsEducation吳明泉博士 200723IT/S in Manufacturing Quality Certificatio