名詞性從句(賓語從句、表語從句、主語從句)講解與練習(xí)

1、名詞性從句(賓語從句、表語從句、主語從句)六大基本句型1 主系表句型 be (連系動詞 do)2、主謂賓 do(vt )3、主謂 do(vi) ( 不及物動詞 )4、主謂賓補(bǔ) do(vt)5、主謂賓賓 -do(vt) 記雙賓語的動詞一定要記。6、There be (不及物動詞 do)be (不及物動詞 )賓語從句定義：在主謂賓句型的賓語的位置上把做為名詞的賓語擴(kuò)展成一個 be 句型或者 do 句型。可以用下列公式進(jìn)行表示：主語 +謂語 +從句。賓語從句的連詞 that , whether(or not)或 if; which(whichever), who(whoever)，whom(whom

2、ever) ，whose(whosever)， what(whatever); when(whenever)，where(wherever)， why ，how(however); how many, how much, how long, how often， how soon賓語從句的形式：1、主謂賓句型的賓語從句 : 作為名詞的賓語擴(kuò)展成一個 be句型或者 do 句型。He knows the newsHe knows that the teacher is in classroom2、主謂賓賓-do(vt) 句型的賓語從句， 把直接賓語變?yōu)橐粋€ be或 do句型。He tells me

3、 the newsHe tells the news to meHe tells me that she is a teacherHe tells that she is a teacher to me3、主謂賓補(bǔ)句型的賓語從句需要 it 來做形式賓語I find Chinese important主謂賓補(bǔ)I find that we make a quick decision about this matter important 主 謂 賓語從句 補(bǔ)I find it important that we make a quick decision about this matter 主 謂

4、 形式賓語 補(bǔ) 賓語從句I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day . 我認(rèn)為每天多喝開水是有必要的 .I feel it a pity that I haven' t been to the get-together. 我沒去聚會 ,感覺非常遺憾 .I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天寫日記成了習(xí)慣 .4、賓語從句的省略形式： 某些形容詞后面可以帶賓語從句，其形式為 sb+be+形容詞 +that 賓語從句： 這一類形容詞通常是表示人物的心理，情

5、感等狀態(tài)的形容詞如：sure, certain, glad, please, happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, surprised a. I am glad (that) you helped me.b、 I am sure (that) you can pass the exam.1、I am glad of your help.2、I am sure about your exam.分析：上面句子中介詞后面所跟成分都做介詞賓語。我們完全可以將他們換成 that+陳述句 :3、I am glad of that you helped me.4、I am sur

6、e about that you can pass the exam. 從語法上講，以上的結(jié)構(gòu)都是正確的。但是，由于這樣表達(dá)過于啰嗦，所以 我們可以將其簡化，省去介詞，由于它們是賓語從句，所以連同 that 也可以省 掉，因此，這是一種省略形式的賓語從句。表語從句同樣的道理，如果在主系表句型表語的位置上把表語變成一個be 句型或者do 句型，則稱為表語從句。 The question is difficult _the question is how we make money .主語 系 表 主語 系 表語從句 The question is difficult the question i

7、s that she is a thief主語 系 表語從句 The question is difficult the question is that there is a thief in the room主語 系 表語從句 事實(shí)是因?yàn)槊總€人都要生活 the fact is because everyone must live 小結(jié)：表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞與賓語從句一樣，規(guī)律與賓語從句一樣，只不過稱 呼不同而已，因此掌握賓語從句以后，表語從句無需特別學(xué)習(xí)。但要注意以下幾 點(diǎn)：1、不可以用 if，而用 whether 連接表語從句 （as if 例外）。False: The question i

8、s if the enemy is marching towards us（. 錯誤）Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards u（s. 正確）2、that 在表語從句中不可以省掉。the question is that she is a thief3、注意比較 That is because.”句型與 that is why .句型 “That is because.”與“That is why. ”之間的不同在于“ That is because.” 指原因或理由，“ That is why. ”則指由于各種

9、原因所造成的后果。例如：1： He did not see the film last night.That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.2、He had seen the film before.That is why he did not see it last night. （第一句話說明原因， 第二句話說明結(jié)果 ）4、當(dāng)主語是 reason, fact，idea 等抽象名詞時， 表語從句的連接詞應(yīng)該用 that. The reason is that he didn' t go to

10、 school The traditional view is we sleep because our brain is“ programmed”tomake us do so.A whenB. whyC. whether D. that You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is I disagree.A. whyB. where C. what D. how主語從句 如果將主謂賓或主系表的主語擴(kuò)展成為一個句子，稱為主語從句： The question is difficult that she makes money

11、 is difficult主語 系 表 主語從句 系 表it is difficult that she makes money形式主語 系 表 真正的主語It= that she makes money 主語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)： it is.that. the cat is a fact that there is a cat in the room is a fact主語從句it is a fact that there is a cat in the room形式主語 系 表 真正主語 he knows the news that he knows the news surprises meIt

12、 surprises me that he knows the news 小結(jié)：主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞與賓語從句一樣，規(guī)律與賓語從句一樣，只不過稱 呼不同而已， 因此掌握賓語從句以后， 主語從句無需特別學(xué)習(xí)。 但需要注意兩點(diǎn)：1, 主語從句有形式主語 it2, 引導(dǎo)詞 if 不能引導(dǎo)主語從句，只能用 whether .（or not）If 不能引導(dǎo)主語從句他明天是否上學(xué)還不知道 if he will go to school is unclear （錯誤） it is unclear if he will go to school （錯誤）Whether he will go to school i

13、s unclear It is unclear whether he will go to school （正確 ）3、以下幾點(diǎn)需要注意： It 作形式主語和 it 引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較It 作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接 詞沒有變化。而 it 引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分， 都可用連詞 that 。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人是也可用 who/whom 。例如：It is a pity that you didn' t go to see the film.It was the football team and It had(who)

14、helped the old man4、(1) 主系表的主語從句形式 it + 系+表+從句It is a fact that 事實(shí)是It is natural that 很自然(2) 主謂賓的主語從句形式： it+ 謂語(及物動詞) +賓語+從句(3) 主謂的主語從句形式： it + 謂語(不及物動詞)從句It seems that 似乎It happened that 碰巧(4) 主謂賓賓的主語從句形式： it + 謂語+賓語+賓語+從句(5) 主謂賓補(bǔ)的主語從句形式： it +謂語+賓語+補(bǔ)語+從句鞏固練習(xí)1. Nowadays consumers become more and mor

15、e practical and buy only they need. A. where B. which C. when D. what2. She'd like to offer money to needs it to continue his or her study.A. whoB. whom C. whoever D. whomever3. -If you are admitted to a key university, as a prize?- I'm looking for a cell phone.A. What you expect your father

16、 will offer youB. Do you expect what your father will offer youC. What do you expect will your father offer youD. What do you expect your father will offer you4. Yesterday he sold out all his stamps at he thought was a reasonable price.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. as5. Generally speaking, we have seen s

17、eems more believable than wehave been told.A. what; thatB. what; what C. that; what D. that; that6. After three days' waiting, there was a little doubt in the mother's mind the police could find her lost child.A. howB. that C. whereD. whether7. "Sustainable development" is a questi

18、on we can continue developingthe world without damaging the environment.A. whyB. whenC. that D. how8. We'd like to do we can the poor.A. how; helpB. all; to help C. whatever; help D. however; tohelp9. My parents used they had to get a new car for my brother.A. whichB. all whatC. what D. 不填10. Sh

19、e was so angry at all he was doing she stayed up allnight.A. that; thatB. that; whichC. what; thatD. what; as11. After seemed ages, the newsman disclosed the facts.A. thereB. whichC. whatD. that12. Our school is no longer it was 10 years ago, it was notwellequipped.A. what; which B. that; which C. w

20、hat; whenD. that; where13. Our bad living habits will destroy the earth. Only by changing welivecan we save the earth.A. thatB. whatC. howD. where14. Thinking that you know in fact you don't is a serious mistakeA. whatB. thatC. whenD. however15. Energy is makes things work.A. whatB. everythingC.

21、 something D. anything16. One of the men held the view the book said was right.A. that whatB. what that C. that D. whether17. I think that this meal was well worth was charged for it.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. how many18. Do you think the reason he gave is believable?A. for whichB. which C. why D. wha

22、t19. Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field, he succeeded other more well-informed experimenters failed.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. where20. Although Anne is happy with her success she wonders will happentoher private life.第9頁/共12頁A. thisB. whatC. thatD. it21. The news

23、 has spread all over the country the spaceship succeededinreturning to the earth.A. thatB. which C. whether D. what22. You can choose book you like among these.A. no matter whatB. whatever C. whose D. whichever23. Is this research center we visited the modern equipment last year?A. whereB. thatC. th

24、e one D. which24. Loulan city is not at all a traveler who has never seen the desertbeforecan expect.A. whatB. thatC .which D. where25. What the doctor is uncertain about is my mother will recover from theserious disease soon.A. whenB. how C. whetherD. why26. We should buy our daughter a computer in

25、 it can help to improve herEnglish.A. whichB. thatC. what D. whom27. I wish to have a friend with shares my hobbies and interests.A. whomeverB. no matter who C. whoever D. anyone28. Why don't you bring to his attention that you are too busy to do it.29. The task required did it careful and brave

26、 enough.A. who; is B. whom; was C. whomever; were D. whoever; be30. We wrote a letter of thanks to _A. who B. those31. - What are you anxious about?A. Whether we can succeedC. Do you succeed_ had helped us.C. whom D. whoeverB. If we succeedD. That we can succeed32. I just don't understand that p

27、revents so many Americans from beingas happy as one might expect.A .why it does B. what it does C. what it is D. why it is33. -I rang you at about ten, but there was no reply.單靠“死”記還不行,還得“活”用,姑且稱之為 “先死后活 ”吧。讓學(xué)生把一周看到 或聽到的新鮮事記下來 ,摒棄那些假話套話空話 ,寫出自己的真情實(shí)感 ,篇幅可長可 短 ,并要求運(yùn)用積累的成語、名言警句等 ,定期檢查點(diǎn)評 ,選擇優(yōu)秀篇目在班里朗讀 或展

28、出。這樣 ,即鞏固了所學(xué)的材料 ,又鍛煉了學(xué)生的寫作能力 ,同時還培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生 的觀察能力、思維能力等等 ,達(dá)到“一石多鳥 ”的效果。 -Oh, that was probably I was seeing the doctor.A. when B. why C. what D. that34. I kept this picture I can see it every day as it reminds me of my university days.第13頁/共12頁A. in whichB. whereC. whenD. whether35. -I can't find Mr.

29、 Smith .Where did you last see him this morning?-It was in the hotel he stayed.A. that B. where C. which D. since36. You should keep those old jam bottles you never know you mightneed them.我國古代的讀書人 ,從上學(xué)之日起 ,就日誦不輟 ,一般在幾年內(nèi)就能識記幾千個 漢字,熟記幾百篇文章 ,寫出的詩文也是字斟句酌 ,瑯瑯上口 ,成為滿腹經(jīng)綸的文人。 為什么在現(xiàn)代化教學(xué)的今天 ,我們念了十幾年書的高中畢業(yè)生甚至大學(xué)生 ,竟提起 作文就頭疼 ,寫不出像樣的文章呢 ?呂叔湘先生早在 1978年就尖銳地提出 : “中小學(xué) 語文教學(xué)效果差 ,中學(xué)語文畢業(yè)生語文水平低 , 十幾年上課總時數(shù)是 9160課時, 語文是 2749課時,恰好是 30%,十年的時間 ,二千七百多課時 ,用來學(xué)本國語文 ,卻是 大多數(shù)不過關(guān) ,豈非咄咄怪事 ! ”尋根究底,其主要原因就是腹中無物。 特別是寫議論 文,初中水平以上的學(xué)生都知道議論文的 “三要素 ”是論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、論證 ,也通曉議 論