高三定語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)課

1、高三英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句第一輪復(fù)習(xí)說(shuō)課稿一對(duì)教材分析定語(yǔ)從句是高考中一個(gè)非常重要的考點(diǎn)，高考試卷中幾乎每個(gè)大題都能見(jiàn)到它的身影。掌握好定語(yǔ)從句不但能夠在單選、完形填空，閱讀理解中得到高的分?jǐn)?shù)，而且對(duì)于書(shū)面表達(dá)的完成也有非常重要的作用，定語(yǔ)從句的使用會(huì)讓閱卷的老師眼前一亮，作文檔次就提高了。所以定語(yǔ)從句是高三復(fù)習(xí)中的重中之重。二對(duì)學(xué)生的分析由于我校學(xué)生英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)較薄弱，詞匯量嚴(yán)重不足，不少學(xué)生連初中最簡(jiǎn)單的語(yǔ)法都不懂，所以這節(jié)課設(shè)計(jì)比較簡(jiǎn)單，讓絕大部分學(xué)生掌握定語(yǔ)從句的最基本的用法和把握高考的方向。三教學(xué)目標(biāo)知識(shí)目標(biāo) 1. 使學(xué)生充分明確什么是定語(yǔ)，什么是從句，以及由此構(gòu)成的定語(yǔ)從句的概念及性質(zhì)。 2.

2、掌握定語(yǔ)從句中的先行詞，關(guān)系詞的概念，以及在定語(yǔ)從句中的使用。水平目標(biāo) 1. 通過(guò)這堂課的講解練習(xí)，學(xué)生能夠清楚的掌握定語(yǔ)從句的用法。 2.對(duì)于易混知識(shí)點(diǎn)能夠做到各個(gè)擊破，不會(huì)再混淆各個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)之間的使用。四重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)重點(diǎn) 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法。 難點(diǎn) 如何選擇連接詞。五教學(xué)過(guò)程設(shè)計(jì)導(dǎo)入設(shè)計(jì) 采用一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的句子引出定語(yǔ)從句，了解什么是先行詞，什么是關(guān)系詞以及關(guān)系詞的作用及分類(lèi)。There was an earthquake which happenedin Tangshan in 1976.然后讓學(xué)生了解各個(gè)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的替代成分，這兒特別強(qiáng)調(diào)關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)能夠省略，介詞不提前的情

3、況下?？键c(diǎn)一:定語(yǔ)從句的基本用法1 關(guān)系詞的作用(1)關(guān)系詞的作用有三個(gè):連接作用:關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)從句，把它和主句連接起來(lái)；替代作用:關(guān)系代詞在從句中替代它前面的先行詞；成分作用:關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)成分。關(guān)系副詞在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)試比較下面的句子:Do you still remember the days that/which we spent in Qingdao?你還記得我們一起在青島度過(guò)的日子嗎？Do you still remember the days when we spent the summer holidays in Qingdao?你還記得我們?cè)谇鄭u過(guò)

4、暑假的日子嗎？2.易混關(guān)系代詞辨析(1)關(guān)系代詞that和which先行詞是物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞that，which一般能夠通用，但也有區(qū)別。1)只能用that的情況先行詞為指物的不定代詞(all, nothing, the one, much等)或被不定代詞修飾時(shí)，如:You can take any seat that is free.Tell us all that you know.先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，如:That is the first composition that I've written in English.先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，如:T

5、his is the best way that has been used against pollution.當(dāng)人和物同為先行詞時(shí)，如:Everyone wants to see the spaceship and the spaceman that made the flight around the earth.關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，如:He is no longer the man (that) he used to be.先行詞被the only，the very修飾時(shí)，如:That is the very pen (that) I am looking for.2)只能用wh

6、ich的情況關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)，如:Here is the book about which I told you yesterday.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，如:The weather turned out to be very good, which was better than we could expect.3). who和that先行詞是人時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可用 who(m)，that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，但下列情況一般用who，而不用that。先行詞是one，ones，anyone或anybody，those時(shí)，如:Anyone who breaks the law should be punis

7、hed.一個(gè)句子中帶有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)的關(guān)系詞是that時(shí)，如:The student that won the first prize is the monitor who speaks English best in our class.4).whose既可指人，也可指物，在從句中作定語(yǔ)。如：George Orwell，whose real name was Eric Arthur，wrote many political novels.（the real name of whom)The librarian refused to accept the book，whose cove

8、r was gone when it was returned. (the cover of which)3關(guān)系代詞的省略作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞可以省略，但前面不能有介詞。如：This is the man ( who/whom/that) we have talked about.This is the man about whom we have talked .1. I know the reason _ he came late.2. Do you know the woman, _son went to college last year?3. The house _ color is r

9、ed is Johns.4. This is the best film _ Ive ever seen.5. Thats the town _ he worked in 1987.6. I have 2 brothers, _ are both soldiers.7. Next week, _ youll spend in your hometown ,is coming.8. Ive tried 2 pairs of shoes, neither of _ fits me well.4.關(guān)系副詞的用法1當(dāng)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用關(guān)系副詞。其中when表示時(shí)間的介詞(如：in，at，

10、during等)which；where表示地點(diǎn)的介詞(如：in，at，on，under等)which；whyforwhich。如：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. (whenon which)Can you tell me the office where he works? (wherein which)Do you know the reason why he is absent? (whyfor which)5.高考對(duì)關(guān)系副詞where的考查高考試題中對(duì)于where的考查趨于復(fù)雜，從先行詞由“明顯的地點(diǎn)”轉(zhuǎn)為“地

11、點(diǎn)的模糊化”。如先行詞為case,conditon,situation,point和stage等時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中缺狀語(yǔ)，用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句The accident had reached to a point where both their parents are to be called in.事情發(fā)展到如此程度，不得不請(qǐng)雙方家長(zhǎng)來(lái)一趟了。The shop _ I bought the book is big.The shop _ I bought the book in is big.The shop _ is located nearby my house is big.The r

12、eason _ he was late is unkown.The reason _ he told me for his absence is not true.考點(diǎn)二 “介詞which/whom”中介詞的選擇關(guān)系代詞前面的介詞使用是根據(jù)與名詞前面的動(dòng)詞搭配關(guān)系和介詞的搭配關(guān)系及句子結(jié)構(gòu)上的需要而定的。如：We'll never forget the day on which we went camping. The woman to whom we spoke is from the USA. This is the person(whom)you are looking for.

13、考點(diǎn)三：限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句起修飾限制的作用，是主句不可缺少的一部分，與先行詞無(wú)逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，翻澤成中文常譯成前置定語(yǔ)。如：Those who want to go sign their names on the paper.那些想去的人把他們的名字簽在紙上。非限制性的定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用，省去不影響句子意思，常用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，翻譯成中文時(shí)，常譯成并列分句。如：This note was left by John, who was here a moment ago.這便條是約翰留的，他剛才還在這兒。關(guān)系代詞as和which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，as

14、既可指人又可指物,引導(dǎo)的從句子可位于句中、句首、句末，指整個(gè)句子，而which不僅可指整個(gè)句子還可以指單個(gè)名詞。as有正如，而 which 沒(méi)有這個(gè)意思：The meeting，which was held in the park，was a success.The meeting was a success，as was expected.注意：why和that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系詞都不能省略。3注意way后接定語(yǔ)從句的情況(1)當(dāng)先行詞是way意為“方式、方法”時(shí)，在定語(yǔ)從句作狀語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有下列三種形式。如：What surprised me

15、 was not what he said but the way thatin which不填he said it.使我感到驚奇的不是他說(shuō)了什么，而是他說(shuō)話(huà)的方式?？键c(diǎn)四：定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與先行詞保持一致。如：I，who am your friend，will leave for Beijing tomorrow.在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，which和as指代一個(gè)句子時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Mary is often late for class，which makes our teacher very unhappy.當(dāng)先行詞被the onl

16、y/the very修飾時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，若僅有one of修飾時(shí)則從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：He is one of the students who want to be a doctor in the future.He is the only one of the students who wants to be a doctor in the future.Lets practice(鞏固練習(xí))1. ( ) These are the people and places I wrote about in my last novel.A. which B. who C. that D. what2. ( ) I will never forget the days I spent in Beijing.A. which B. what C. when D. where3. ( ) I will never forget the days I studied in Beijing.A. why B. for w