高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)構(gòu)詞法(30張)

1、.GrammarGrammar構(gòu)詞法構(gòu)詞法 (一一) (Word FormationWord Formation)高考英語語法總復(fù)習(xí)高考英語語法總復(fù)習(xí).If you meet the new words while reading, what will you do ?Its not always necessary to understand the meaning of every word, just go on reading! Guess the meaning!Guess the meaning! . When we deal with the problems in readin

2、g comprehension, we can use Word Formation to help us, but the context( (上下文，語境上下文，語境) ) is also very important.根據(jù)根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法構(gòu)詞法猜詞猜詞1. I will not make friends with a dishonest person.2. When the little boy finished, his father was speechless.3. A bad-looking pickpocket stole my wallet. 首先要熟悉基本的構(gòu)詞法及其規(guī)律首先要熟

3、悉基本的構(gòu)詞法及其規(guī)律, 其其次要掌握一定的詞根和詞綴。如次要掌握一定的詞根和詞綴。如:un-,im-, mis-, -less, -ness等。等。小小結(jié)結(jié)dis+honest 不誠實(shí)的不誠實(shí)的speech+less 說不出話的說不出話的pick+pocket 扒手扒手.構(gòu)詞法構(gòu)詞法派生法派生法（Derivation）合成法合成法(Compounding) 轉(zhuǎn)化法轉(zhuǎn)化法（Conversion）縮略法縮略法（Abbreviation） able unable; teach teacherspace+ship spaceshipvisit v. visit n.Do it yourself. D

4、IY.合成詞合成詞 Compoundpain-killer.color- blind.sleep-walksleep-walker.一、一、合成法合成法（Compounding）highwaywaiting-roomkind-hearted 把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上獨(dú)立的詞合成把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上獨(dú)立的詞合成一個(gè)新詞。一個(gè)新詞。.合成詞匯展廳合成詞匯展廳一一.合成合成名詞名詞 seafood greenhouse二二.合成合成動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 overcome whitewash三三.合成合成形容詞形容詞 snow-white man-made四四.合成合成副詞副詞 however ; anyway五五.合成合成

5、代詞代詞 something; everything六六.合成介詞合成介詞 within inside.fire+fighter=firefighter friend+ship=friendshippasser+by=passer-bywell+known=well-knownsea+side=seaside Make compound words after the models. A: passer, well, sea, fire, friend, B: side, fighter, ship, by, known, Model: part + time = part-timePract

6、ice I.二、二、轉(zhuǎn)化法（Conversion）：指一個(gè)詞不變?cè)~形，而由一種詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種詞類或幾種詞類。tasten. 味道v.嘗起來It has a good taste.It tastes very good.hand n.手手v.遞送遞送. We always walk hand in handPlease hand me the book.轉(zhuǎn)化法例釋.三、派生法三、派生法 Derivation指在詞根上加上前、后綴構(gòu)成另一個(gè)與原意略有變指在詞根上加上前、后綴構(gòu)成另一個(gè)與原意略有變化或截然相反的詞化或截然相反的詞派派生生法法前綴前綴后綴后綴名詞后綴名詞后綴形容詞后綴形容詞后綴副詞后

7、綴副詞后綴動(dòng)詞后綴動(dòng)詞后綴否定前綴否定前綴其他前綴其他前綴. 加前綴：加前綴： happy -happy - _happyhappy 加后綴：加后綴： develop -develop - developdevelop_ 既加前綴又加后綴：既加前綴又加后綴： employ -employ -_employemploy_注意:派生詞的前綴一般只改變?cè)~義,不改 變?cè)~類;后綴一般只改變?cè)~類,不引起 詞義變化.unmentunment. Is it difficult for you to get up in the morning? Do you sometimes oversleep?1. ove

8、r- : too muchoverwork , overeatabove sth; across overcoat, overheadSome important prefixes: The trains are _ on Friday evenings. (crowded)overcrowded. He enlarged his vocabulary by reading widely.2.en- 動(dòng)詞前綴動(dòng)詞前綴enable, endanger, Reading can _ your life.(rich)enrich.常見的常見的否定前綴否定前綴中學(xué)英語課本中有許多單詞帶有否定前綴，如果

9、能理中學(xué)英語課本中有許多單詞帶有否定前綴，如果能理解這些否定前綴的含義，使用和記憶單詞是很有幫助解這些否定前綴的含義，使用和記憶單詞是很有幫助的。否定前綴加在一個(gè)詞的前面就完全改變或否定了的。否定前綴加在一個(gè)詞的前面就完全改變或否定了這個(gè)詞的原來意義這個(gè)詞的原來意義。.Some important suffixes:-ment, -ion, -ness, -tion, -ful, -able, -less, -en等等sharpen a pencilstrengthenbrightensharp adj. sharpen v._strength _ bright. Practice IIGue

10、ss the meaning of the underlined words1.Many countries import most of the oil they use.2.He studied biophysics at college.3.It is very important to learn how to cooperate with others.4.All your luggage will be transported to the destination by train.5.My cousin has an excellent voice. Her dream is t

11、o become a superstar.進(jìn)口進(jìn)口生物物理學(xué)生物物理學(xué)合作合作運(yùn)輸運(yùn)輸明星明星.四、四、縮略法縮略法（ Abbreviation ）DVVIPSOSWWWDigital VideoVery Important PersonSave Our ShipWorld Wide Web.Practice Makes Perfect ! rain(形容詞形容詞) _ agree(反義反義)_ nation(形容詞形容詞)_ farm(人人)_ recent(副詞副詞)_ friend(形容詞形容詞)_ hope(形容詞形容詞)_ back(形容詞形容詞)_ visit(名詞名詞)_ hom

12、e(形容詞形容詞) _ eight(序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞)_ true(名詞名詞)_ America(形容詞形容詞)_ China(形容詞形容詞)_按括號(hào)內(nèi)的要求改寫下列單詞按括號(hào)內(nèi)的要求改寫下列單詞rainynationalrecentlyhopefulvisitoreighthAmericandisagreefarmerfriendlybackwardshomelesstruthChinese.u 請(qǐng)做下列高考真題。請(qǐng)做下列高考真題。 1. (2013) That would be a very _(reason) thing to do in a big city. 思路點(diǎn)撥：思路點(diǎn)撥：reas

13、onable 在名詞前作定語要用形在名詞前作定語要用形容詞。容詞。. 2. (2013) But such a small thing couldnt _ (possible) destroy a village.思路點(diǎn)撥：思路點(diǎn)撥：possibly 修飾謂語動(dòng)詞修飾謂語動(dòng)詞destroy作狀語，用副詞。注意：以作狀語，用副詞。注意：以-ble接尾的形接尾的形容詞，其副詞形式通常是將容詞，其副詞形式通常是將ble改為改為bly。. 3. (2012) For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt _ (please), because there

14、were many empty seats in the room. But she quickly realized that it wasnt her 思路點(diǎn)撥：思路點(diǎn)撥：pleased 在系動(dòng)詞在系動(dòng)詞felt后作表語，用后作表語，用形容詞，表示形容詞，表示“高興的高興的”。. 4. (2016) We drank together and talked _ (merry) till far into the night.思路點(diǎn)撥：思路點(diǎn)撥：merrily 修飾動(dòng)詞修飾動(dòng)詞talked作狀作狀語，用副詞。語，用副詞。. 5. (2015) He must be _(mental) dis

15、abled. 思路點(diǎn)撥：思路點(diǎn)撥：mentally 修飾分詞形容詞作狀語，修飾分詞形容詞作狀語，用副詞。用副詞。 6. (2014) His teacher took a deep drink，smiled _ (warm)，and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. 思路點(diǎn)撥：思路點(diǎn)撥：warmly 修飾動(dòng)詞修飾動(dòng)詞smiled作狀語，用作狀語，用副詞形式。副詞形式。.1. Write out the original words.unchangeable adj. _ dislike v. _ impossibility n. _ unfriendly adj._overwork v. _ misunderstanding n. _athletic adj._ misread v. _translator n. _ changelike possiblefriendlook understandathletereadtranslate.2.給下列單詞加上前綴給下列單詞加上前綴dis-, un-, in-或或im-, 構(gòu)構(gòu)成意思相反的詞。成意思相反的詞。1. agree _2.