初三春季講義第九講

1、 伊頓·讓每個學(xué)生更優(yōu)秀！ MORE FOCUS.MORE EXCELLENT! 第九講 動詞和動詞短語一、【知識梳理】（一）實義動詞、系動詞和助動詞1. 實義動詞實義動詞含有實在意義，表示動作或狀態(tài)，可在句中獨立作謂語。根據(jù)其在句中是否需要賓語，可細(xì)分為：及物動詞(vt)和不及物動詞（vi.）；按是否具有延續(xù)性，又可分為延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞。（1） 及物動詞及物動詞本身意義不完整，需要接賓語才能使其意思完整表達(dá)。及物動詞常用于下面三種句型中：u 主語+謂語（及物動詞）+賓語。如：He reached Beijing the day before yesterday. 他前天到達(dá)

2、北京。u 主語+謂語（及物動詞）+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：They asked me to go fishing with them. 他們讓我一起去釣魚。u 主語+謂語（及物動詞）+間接賓語+直接賓語。如：His father bought him a computer. 他的爸爸給他買了一臺電腦。（2） 不及物動詞u 不及物動詞本身意義不完整，其后不必跟賓語。如go, come, listen, swim, work, run等。如：My brother works hard. 我的哥哥工作很努力。People often swim in the river. 人們經(jīng)常在這條河里游泳。u 如

3、果需要帶賓語，則不及物動詞需要跟適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~連用。如：The baby is smiling us at us. 小孩正對著我們笑呢。2. 系動詞（含感官動詞）的常見用法和詞匯。系動詞有一定意義，要與其后作表語的形容詞、名詞或介詞（短語）一起構(gòu)成謂語。按意義劃分為以下四類：分類例詞例句be動詞am, is, are, was, wereShe is a girl with long hair. 他是一個留長發(fā)的女孩子。感官類look, sound, smell, taste, feelThe fish smells good. 這魚聞起來不錯。變化類become, get, grow, go,

4、turnHis face turned red. 他的臉變紅了。狀態(tài)類keep, stay, remainThey keep quiet at the meeting. 他們在會議上保持安靜。3. 助動詞助動詞本身沒有詞義，不能單獨作謂語，只能和別的助動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語，表示時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣等特征，幫助構(gòu)成否定、疑問、強(qiáng)調(diào)、省略等。主要的助動詞有be, do, have, shall, will等。分類作用beam/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞過去進(jìn)行時be+過去分詞被動語態(tài)do形式有do. does, did, 用于構(gòu)成疑問句和否定句，或放在動詞前加強(qiáng)語氣。hav

5、ehave/has+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在完成時had+過去分詞過去完成時have/been+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時will/shallwill/shall+動詞原形一般將來時would/should+動詞原形過去將來時（二）情態(tài)動詞 常見情態(tài)動詞本身有一定意義，但不能獨立作謂語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，后面必須接動詞原形。常見的情態(tài)動詞如下：1. can的用法can意為“能；會”，其過去式為could。can的主要用法如下：（1）表示請求、許可。常用于一般疑問句，相當(dāng)于may。如：Can I help you？ 我可以幫你嗎？（2）表示能力，可以與be able to 轉(zhuǎn)化。如：He can speak

6、Japanese. 他會說日語。u 表示懷疑、猜測，主要用于否定句和一般疑問句。如：He cant be at home. He has gone to America. 他不可能在家，他去美國了。2. may的用法may意為“可以”，過去式為might，它的主要用法為：（1） 表示請求或許可。如：May I come in？ 我可以進(jìn)來嗎？注意：“May I ？ ”表示許可、請求時，否定回答要用mustnt或cant，而不能用may not。如：May I go out and play basketball? 我可以出去打籃球嗎？No, you mustnt (cant). 不行。（2）

7、may/might用于不確定的推測。表示“可能，或許”。might可能性比may小。如：She may come back tomorrow, but I am not sure. 她可能明天來，可是我不確定。（3） 表示祝福和愿望，常用于比較正規(guī)的場合或書面語中。如：May you success. 祝你成功。3. must的用法（1） must意為“必須，一定”，其否定形式為mustnt，意為“不準(zhǔn)，不允許”，表示禁止。如：You must do it right now. 你必須立刻做。You mustnt take photos here. 你不許在這兒拍照。注意：以must開頭的一般

8、疑問句，肯定回答用must或have to。否定回答用neednt或dont have to,而不能用mustnt。如：Must I clean the room now? 我現(xiàn)在必須打掃房間嗎？No, you neednt(dont have to) 不，沒有必要。4. have to 的用法（1） have to的意思是“必須；不得不”，有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)變化。如： I have to go now. 我現(xiàn)在不得不走了。（2） have to強(qiáng)調(diào)由于客觀條件需要而不得不做某事。Its cold outside, and I have to stay at home. 外面很冷，所以我不得不待

9、在家里。（3） have to 不能直接構(gòu)成否定句或疑問句，需要借助助動詞。You dont have to help her with her homework. 你沒有必要幫她做家庭作業(yè)。5. need的用法need可以作實義動詞，也可以作情態(tài)動詞，意思為“需要；必須”，無人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化。need用于否定句中。如：We neednt spend too much money on it. 我們沒必要在它上面花費這么多錢。（2） 以need開頭的一般疑問句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt。如：Need I go there now? 我需要現(xiàn)在去那兒嗎？Yes, you m

10、ust. 是的，必須去。No, you neednt. 不，不必去。6. shall與should的用法。（1） shall常用于主語是第一人稱的疑問句中，表示請求。對“Shall I?”作肯定回答時，用“Yes, please.”;否定回答用“No，thank you.”。如：Shall I turn on the light. 要不要開燈？Yes, please. 好的，開吧。 No, thank you. 不，謝謝。常見情態(tài)動詞的否定意義如下：情態(tài)動詞否定形式用法例句cant表示推測，意為“不可能”。He cant be at home because I saw her just no

11、w.mustnt意為“一定不要；不允許”。You mustnt play football in our classroom.shouldnt意為“不應(yīng)該”。We shouldnt do like that.neednt意為“不需要”。You neednt do your homework now.had better not意為“最好不要”。You had better not smoke, its bad for your eyes.(三) 動詞短語look短語 look after照顧 look at 看 look down upon瞧不起 look forward to盼望 look

12、for尋找 look like看起來像 look out當(dāng)心 look through瀏覽 look up查閱put短語 put away把收起來 put down寫下 put off推遲 put on穿上 put out撲滅 put up張貼take短語 take place發(fā)生 take off起飛 take up占據(jù) take in吸收 take away拿走 take part in參加 give短語 give up放棄 give in屈服 give away贈送；分發(fā) give back歸還 give birth to產(chǎn)生；生二、【典例精講】【典型例題1】Lucy and Lily

13、_ sisters. They study at the same school. A. be B. am C. is D. are【答案】D【典型例題2】 There _ an important exam next Saturday. We need to prepare for it.A. will have        B. are C. is   D. will be【答案】D【典型例題3】 Taizhou _ great success at her city

14、construction over the years.A achieved B. achievesCwill achieve  D. has achieved【答案】D【典型例題4】 -A man is cutting a tree on the moon. -It _ be true. The teacher says there is no air on the moon.A. cant        B. may not C. shouldnt   

15、0;  D. mustnt【答案】A【典型例題5】- _ I go to the movie this weekend, Dad? -Yes, you_. But you have to come back before nine.A Could; shall BCan; must CCan; need DCould; can【答案】D【典型例題6】We must _ a plan to improve your math. A. pick up Bcatch up with Ccome up with Dmake up【答案】C【典型例題7】The ticket is on the

16、 floor. Please _.A pick up it Blook for Cpick it up Dlook it up【答案】C【典型例題8】Not only I but also he _ dancing now.A. is Bare Cam Dbe【答案】A【典型例題9】He _ his homework sometimes. His teacher is angry with him.A. does Bdoesnt do Cdoesnt Ddont do 【答案】B【典型例題10】We_ fight against pollution . A may Bshould Cmustn

17、t Dneednt 【答案】B【典型例題11】 There _ an important exam next Saturday. We need to prepare for it.Awill have Bare Cis Dwill be【答案】D【典型例題12】 - Dinner is ready. Help yourself! -Wow! It _ delicious. Could you please tell me how to cook it?Asmells Blooks Ctastes Dsounds【答案】C【典型例題13】 If you want to keep _, you

18、should take more exercise every day.A. healthily Bhealthy Cmore healthy Dmore healthily 【答案】B【典型例題14】 If the traffic light is red, you _ cross the road. Its very dangerous. A. dont Bmustnt Cneednt Dwouldnt 【答案】B【典型例題15】- Why do Chinese people like red? -Because they think it can _ them good luck. A.

19、 carry Bbring Cmake Dtake 【答案】B三、【方法歸納】1. 英語中的動詞按其過去式的構(gòu)成方式可分為規(guī)則動詞和不規(guī)則動詞。規(guī)則動詞的過去式一般在詞尾加-ed，而不規(guī)則動詞的變化因詞而異。2. 過去式的構(gòu)成有規(guī)律，一般詞尾加-ed。如如詞尾有個e，直接加-d就可以。輔音字母y結(jié)尾，變y為i加-ed。一輔重閉作尾巴，雙寫之后加-ed。3. 動詞不定式的用法：不定式有標(biāo)記，to與動原連一起； 主賓定表及狀語，唯獨謂語不可以； 疑問詞與不定式，構(gòu)成短語有意義。四、【課堂練習(xí)】一單項選擇1. I _ a telephone call when Lily _ in.A. made;

20、hurried B. made; was hurrying C. was; making; hurried D. was making; had hurried【答案】C 2. If our team _ this time, we_ the Tigers next week. A . will win; will playing B. wins; will play C. wins; play D. is winning; will play【答案】B3. -When _ the Art Club _ ? -In 2008.A. was; found B. was; founded C. h

21、as; founded D. did; found 【答案】B4. The watermelon_ into two halves. A. was cut B. was cutting C. cuts D. cut【答案】A5. I _ about it so I didnt go to the hospital to see her.A. am not told B. wasnt told C. dont tell D. didnt tell【答案】B6. Most of my classmates dont like to talk with their parents, but I am

22、 _ them. I love to talk with my parents.A. the same as B. different from C. interested in D. angry with【答案】B7. The plane from Shanghai to Pairs will _ in an hour. Atake up B. take away Ctake out Dtake off【答案】D8. The rich man has decided to _ everything he has to charity. A. set up B. turn on C. put

23、off D. give away【答案】D9. The museum _ beautiful and magnificent.A. watches B. looks C. sees D. looks at【答案】B10. He is _ his missing dog now. A. found B. looking for C. found out D. find out【答案】B二、 用所給單詞填空1. His son _(bore) in 1994. 2. Her boyfriend _(send) some flowers to her.3. His sister _(meet) a

24、friend of hers while she was doing her homework.4. The orphans_(take) care of by the government now.5. Your friend_(come) over here this morning seems friendly.6. This picture_(draw) by the little boy.7. His sister _ already _ (become) a doctor.8. His daughter will write to me as soon as she _ (pass

25、) the exam.9. Linda _ (go) to work from Monday to Friday, doesnt he?10.Pleas be quiet! We_ (listen) to the songs sung by the “Super Girl”.【答案】1. was born 2. sent 3. met 4. are taken 5. came 6. was drawn 7. has; become 8. passes 9. goes 10. are listening五、【中考鏈接】一、單項選擇1.( 2015·天津) Lao Shes Teahou

26、se _ the changes in Chinese society over fifty years.A. describes B. improves C. prepares D. corrects2. (2015·河南) Soccer is a wonderful game for children. It _ great exercise, such as running and kicking.Aprovides B. remains C. practises D. receives3. (2015·安徽)Dreams are beautiful. However

27、, to _ them needs lots of time and work.A. discover B. find C. achieve D. top4.( 2015·安徽) The running water makes the stones _ very smooth.A. sound B. taste C. smell D. feel5. (2015·鹽城) TFBOYS songs _ sweet and many of us like listening to them.A. sound B. feel C. taste D. look6.( 2015

28、3;陜西) A smile _ nothing, but gives much.A. costs B. spends C. cost D. spent7. ( 2015·武漢) -Jason, would you please_ this notice? -With pleasure.A. put on B. put off C. put up D. put out8.( 2015·株洲) I _ my fathers wet shoes and washed his feet.A. took out B. took off C. took place9. ( 2015&#

29、183;襄陽) -Could you _ the computer for me, dear? I want to check my e-mails.-Certainly, Ill do it right away.A. turn on B. turn down C. turn off D. turn up10. ( 2015·連云港) In the song I Beg My Life, the US rock band Imagine Dragon tells people never to _ catching their dreams.A. give up B. give o

30、ut C. give in D. give off【答案】1-5:AACD A 6-10: ACBAA二、閱讀理解(2015·貴陽)When Susan Chen left high school, she wanted to go to university. Unfortunately, her father was quite poor, and a university education cost a lot of money.“Take the entrance examination,” her father said, ”and well think of somet

31、hing if you pass.”Susan took the examination . She did not score very high marks, but she scored enough, and was offered a place at the university.“Im very proud of you, Susan,” her father said. “I must find the money for a university education for you somehow.”“But how, Dad?” Susan asked.“Well, I c

32、an sell my car and work a lot of overtime. I can even work at two jobs if necessary, one during the day and one at night. ”“Youre a very generous father,” Susan said.“You future is worth the sacrifice,” he told her.The next day he sold his car and asked his boss to give him three hours overtime ever

33、y day. This meant walking to work and working 12 hours a day, seven days a week, but he did not complain. His daughters education was worth it.A year passed, Susan took her first-year examination.When the result were announced , she ran home to tell her father the news.“Dad,” she said, “Ive got my examination results, Youll be so pleased”.“Youve passed!” he exclaimed.“Guess what? I got the third place and won the scholarship. You can have your car back and stop working so