THECOORDINATIONCOMPLEX

1、配位化合物THE COORDINATION COMPLEXnCoordination bond 配位鍵nThere must be an electron-pair acceptor and an electron-pair donornelectron-pair 電子對nAcceptor 接受體nDonor 給予體nM n+ + x :LM (:L)x n+Central ionLewis baseElectron-pair acceptor ligandLewis acidElectron-pair donorcoordinationdissociationnSolution proces

2、s 溶劑化過程 Ligand field theory (配位場理論配位場理論)nCrystal field 晶體場理論nenergy effects 能級效應nBond energy 鍵級Ligand group(配位基)nUnidentatenBidentateName of LigandnF-: fluoro O2-: oxonCl-: chloro H-: hydridonBr-: bromo nCN-: cyanonOH-: hydroxonCH3COO-: acetato nNO3-: nitratonNO2-: nitrito (bonded through oxygen)nNO

3、2-: nitro (bonded through nitrogen)Unidentate (anion ligand end in o)Unidentate (neutral ligand)NO : nitrosoH2O: aqua (aquo)NH3: ammineCO: carbonylCH3NH2: methylamineBidentate: -OOC-COO-: oxalatoH2N-CH2-CH2-NH2: ethylenediamineCO32-: carbonatoNames of Complexes nAs to the whole compound, cations are

4、 named first, and anions last. nAs to the complex itself, ligands are named first, and the central element last. nThe number of a ligand is named by using the Greek prefixes.nIn most cases, -ate is appended to the English name of the metal atom directly, but to some metals, -ate is appended to the L

5、atin stem.nIf the complex ion is positive or neutral, the common English name is used without using suffix ateNames of Complexes Complex ionsn(1). Neutral complex or complex ions with n positive chargen Complex ion = n-Ligand-metal ion(N)nfor example:n Ag(NH3)2+ Diamminesilver(I)n Cu(NH3)42+ Tetramm

6、inecopper(II)n Co(NH3)3(NO2)3 Triamminetrinitrocobalt(III)ionsmoleculesCN-cyanoH2OaquaOH-hydroxoNH3ammineCH3COO-acetatoCOcarbonylNO3-nitratoCH3NH2methylamineNO2-nitroF-fluoroCl-chloroBr-bromoCO32-carbonato常見配體的名稱(2).Complex ions with negative chargenComplex ion =n-Ligand-metals root-ate(N)nfor examp

7、le:n Fe(CN)64- Hexafluoroferrate(II)n BF4- Tetrafluoroborate(III)n AlF63- Hexafluoroaluminate(III)n AuCl4- Tetrachloroaurate(III)nIronferr-ferratenCoppercupr-cupratenLeadplumb-plumbatenSilverargent-argentatenGoldaur-auratenTinstann-stannate 3.Naming complex Complex = Cation + anionfor example:nKBF4: potassium tetrafluoroboratenAg(NH3)2Cl: diamminesilver (I) chloridenK4Fe(CN)6: potassium hexacyanoferrate(II)nCu(NH3)4SO4: tetraamminecopper(II)