關(guān)于英語(yǔ)中句子的成分

1、句子的成分 句子的成分是指句子中的單詞、短語(yǔ)在句子中充當(dāng)?shù)慕巧陀猛尽?按照用途的不同，句子的成分分為： 1、主語(yǔ) 2、謂語(yǔ) 3、賓語(yǔ) 4、表語(yǔ) 5、定語(yǔ) 6、狀語(yǔ) 7、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)1、主 語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ)是指句子所要表達(dá)或者所要描述的人或事物，是句子的主體。 主語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)充當(dāng)。如：（1）名詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ) Apples are my favourite fruit. Susan plays the piano everyday. （2）代詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ) He is a doctor. We will play football this afternoon. 1、主 語(yǔ) （3）

2、動(dòng)詞不定式當(dāng)主語(yǔ) To see is to believe. To do morning exercises is useful for our health.（4）現(xiàn)在分詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ) Smoking is forbidden here. Telling more isnt good for you. 2、謂 語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)是句子中用來(lái)表達(dá)主語(yǔ)“做什么”，或者主語(yǔ)“怎么樣”的詞或短語(yǔ)。注意： 謂語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)的主要部分必須是連系動(dòng)詞或?qū)嵙x動(dòng)詞。 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常位于主語(yǔ)后面。 助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞不能單獨(dú)做謂語(yǔ)。（1）表達(dá)主語(yǔ)“做什么” I get up at 6:40a.m. Mike will g

3、o shopping this Sunday. He doesnt like sweet food. Mary can speak English.2、謂 語(yǔ)（2）表達(dá)主語(yǔ)“怎么樣” Ice-cream is very sweet. The sun is very hot. Sarah is a nurse. The story sounds very interesting. 3、賓 語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)在句子中表示及物動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或動(dòng)作的內(nèi)容。一般位于動(dòng)詞后面或介詞后面構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)。 賓語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或者相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)。如：（1）名詞當(dāng)賓語(yǔ) They are playing

4、 basketball. Id like some juice. He does his homework after school.（2）代詞當(dāng)賓語(yǔ) I will do this.3、賓 語(yǔ) You tell him not to be late for school. （3）動(dòng)詞不定式當(dāng)賓語(yǔ) I want to eat two hamburgers now. Jack plans to see his grandparents this weekend. （4）動(dòng)名詞當(dāng)賓語(yǔ) I like swimming. You should practice speaking English ever

5、yday. 3、賓 語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)可分為直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)。直接賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的承受者，一般是物。間接賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作是對(duì)誰(shuí)或?yàn)檎l(shuí)做的，一般是人。如：（1）Please show me your passport. （Please show your passport to me. ） （2） I give him some money. （I give some money to him. ）（3）Mother made Mary a new coat. （Mother made a new coat for Mary.）（4）He bought me a new book. （ He bought a

6、 new book for me.）4、表 語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ)在句子中是用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征、性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)，常位于系動(dòng)詞后面。常用的系動(dòng)詞包括：be動(dòng)詞、seem（看起來(lái)）、sound（聽(tīng)起來(lái)）、feel（感覺(jué)）、become（變得）、smell（聞起來(lái)）、taste（嘗起來(lái)）等。 表語(yǔ)通常由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或不定式來(lái)充當(dāng)。（1）名詞當(dāng)表語(yǔ) He is a doctor. Its a flower. 4、表 語(yǔ)（2）形容詞當(dāng)表語(yǔ) Miss Li is kind, but Mr. Zhang is strict. These fruits smell good.（3）副詞當(dāng)表語(yǔ) Class

7、is over. She is downstairs now.（4）動(dòng)詞不定式當(dāng)表語(yǔ) His job is to paint the walls. He seems to be tired. （5）現(xiàn)在分詞當(dāng)表語(yǔ) The dog is frightening. 5、定 語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ)在句子中是用來(lái)限定名詞或代詞的范圍或明確名詞或代詞的特征。 定語(yǔ)由名詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)從句充當(dāng)。（1）名詞當(dāng)定語(yǔ) The boy student is my classmate. We need some pumpkin lanterns for the Halloween party.（

8、2）形容詞當(dāng)定語(yǔ) The little boy needs a blue pen. China is a beautiful country.5、定 語(yǔ)（3）數(shù)詞當(dāng)定語(yǔ)，數(shù)詞相當(dāng)于形容詞 The two boys are students. There are six boys in the room. （4）動(dòng)詞不定式當(dāng)定語(yǔ) The boy to write this letter needs a pen. There is nothing to do today.（5）分詞當(dāng)定語(yǔ) The smiling boy needs a pen to write. That flying bird

9、is a swan. 5、定 語(yǔ)（6）介詞短語(yǔ)當(dāng)定語(yǔ) The girl in red is Mary. The boys in the classroom are talking about football.（7）定語(yǔ)從句 There are five boys who will play the game. The boy (that) you will know is Tom. 6、狀 語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ)在句子中是用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞的。 狀語(yǔ)通常用來(lái)表達(dá)動(dòng)作或行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原 因、方式、目的和程度、頻度等。 狀語(yǔ)一般由副詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)或相當(dāng)于副 詞的詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)充當(dāng)。 狀語(yǔ)

10、通常位于句末，有時(shí)也可以放在句首或句中。 6、狀 語(yǔ)（1）副詞做狀語(yǔ) Say again，please. （表示方式） Suddenly it began to rain. （表示方式） I nearly forgot what he had promised. （表示程度）（2）動(dòng)詞不定式做狀語(yǔ) He went to see a film. （表示目的） My father was surprised to hear the news. （表示原因）（3）介詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ) Please come here in the evening（表示時(shí)間） He wrote with a red pen

11、cil（表示方式） The students are doing their homework in the classroom （表示地點(diǎn)）6、狀 語(yǔ)（4）分詞做狀語(yǔ) He came singing and dancing. （表示方式） The students went away laughing. （表示方式）（5）狀語(yǔ)從句 I learned a lot from the peasants when I lived in the countryside. （表示時(shí)間） If you work hard at English，you will do well in English. （表示條件）7、補(bǔ) 語(yǔ) 用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)或正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)中有些動(dòng)詞加賓語(yǔ)后意思仍然不完整，如：make(使.), ask(請(qǐng))等等。例如，如果我們說(shuō)：我們使我們的祖國(guó)。這不是一句完整的話。應(yīng)該說(shuō)：我們使我們的祖國(guó)更美麗。這里的“美麗的（beautiful)”為形容詞做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明祖國(guó)的狀態(tài)。英語(yǔ)句子為: We will make our country more beautiful