高中英語45個介詞的基本用法

1、45個基本介詞的用法1、about【原始含義】a-b-out "A 在 B 外面”【引申含義】prep(1)在!處，在各處 here and thereeg: We wandered about the town for an hour or so.He looked about the room. 在附近 next to a placeeg. She lives about the office.(3) 關于 in connection witheg: a book about English studyI don ' t know what you are talking

2、 about.adv(1)大約 close toeg: We left there about 10 o' clock.It costs about 500 dollars.(2)到處，各處eg: The children were rushing about in the garden.(3)在附近eg : There is no food about.【常見搭配】 作介詞時的搭配：安排關于某事討論某事詢問關于某事吹噓關心，對感興趣談論某事抱怨夢見某人/某物 著手做.；從事一.動詞+(about+ 名詞)(1) arrange (about sth) argue (about sth

3、) (3) ask (about sth)(4) boast (about sb/sth)(5) care (about sb/sth)(6) chat (about sth) complain (about sb/sth)(8) dream (about sb/sth)(9) go (about sth)10 ) hear (about sth)( 11 ) know (about sth)12 ) learn (about sth)13 ) put (about sth)14 ) quarrel (about sth)15 ) see (about sth)16 ) talk (about

4、 sth)17 ) think (about sth)( 18 ) warn sb ( about sth)( 19 ) wonder (about sb/sth)20 ) worry (about sb/sth).了解 .得知某事散布(謠言等)為.爭吵負責處理 .談論.考慮.告誡某人關于某事對 . 好奇對 .擔心、名詞 +(about+ 名詞 )1 ) concern (about sb/sth)2 ) curiosity (about sb/sth)3 ) doubt (about sb/sth)4 ) ethusiasm (about sth)5 ) information (about

5、 sb/sth)6 ) remark (about sth)7 ) opinion (about sth)8 ) view (about sb/sth)對的關心/關懷 對的好奇對的懷疑對的熱情 關于的信息對的評論 對的意見 對.的觀點三、 be+adj+(about+ 名詞 )( 1 ) be angry (about sth)( 2 ) be anxious (about sth)( 3 ) be careful (about sth)( 4 ) be cautious (about sth)( 5 ) be certain (about sth)( 6 ) be curious (abou

6、t sth)( 7 ) be disappointed (about( 8) be excited (about sth)( 9 ) be glad/happy (aboutsth)sth)為而生氣為憂慮當心謹防.；對.持謹慎態(tài)度確信關于某事對感到好奇對感到失望對感到興奮 對感到高興10 ) be hopeful (about11 ) be crazy/mad/wild對癡狂；酷愛某事sth)(about sth)對抱有希望12 ) be nervous (about sth)為感到不安/因感到緊張13 ) be optimistic/positive對 .是積極樂觀的14 ) be part

7、icular (about15 ) be sad (about sth)(about sth)sb/sth) 對 . 講究，挑剔為而難過對認真對.抱歉16 ) be serious (about sth)17 ) be sorry (about sth)作副詞時的搭配:名詞 + 動詞 +about某事發(fā)生某事（尤指消息等）傳開某人轉身某人徘徊，游蕩某人走來走去1) ) sth come about2) sth get about3) sb turn about4) ) sb wander about5) sb walk about2 、 above【原始含義】a-b-over “ A 在 B

8、上方 ”【引申含義】 prep.(1) 在上方 at or to a higher place than sth/sb eg: The sun rose above the horizon.(2)數(shù)目大于/重量超過/價格(能力、地位)高于一 more than sth.; greater in number, level or age than sb./sth.eg: There is nothing in the store above 50 cents.3 ) 重要性或質(zhì)量超過、勝過of greater importance or of higher quality than sb/sth

9、 eg. I rate her above most other players of her age.(4) 聲音超過louder or clearer than another soundeg: I couldn t hear her above the noise of the traffic.( 5 ) 不至于，不屑于做某事too good or too honest to do sth eg. She is above suspicion.【常見搭配】+(above+ 名詞 )入不敷出地生活把 A 看得比 B 更重要克服.,不受 的影響高深莫測地談論1 ) live ( above

10、one s income)2 ) put A (above B)3 ) rise (above sth)4 ) talk (above one s head) be+(above+ 名詞 )( 1 ) be (above oneself )興高采烈 = be in one s high spirit( 2 ) be (above one s head) 難以理解/ 超出某人理解能力（ 、 across【原始含義】a-grass “一片草坪”， across 指在平面上經(jīng)過，就像人走過一片草坪那樣。【引申含義】 prep.（ 1 ） 穿過 from one side to the other s

11、ide eg: She walked across the road.（ 2） 在.對面on the other side of sth.eg: The bar is just across the street.（ 3 ） 交叉 crosseg: He sat with his arms across his chest.（ 4 ） 在 .各處，遍及. everywhereeg. The opinion is common across the university.【常見搭配】動詞 +（across+ 名詞 ）（ 1 ） A come （across B） A 偶遇 B（ 2 ） A cu

12、t （across B）（ 3） A go （across B）（ 4 ） A put （across B）（ 5 ） A run （across B）4 、 after【原始含義】“A在B之后（強調(diào)順序）【引申含義】A 走 B 捷徑； A 打斷 BA 穿過BA 解釋清楚 B； A 把 B 送到對岸A 橫穿B ； A 偶然碰到 Bprep（1）在之后（時間順序、空間順序）later than sth; following sth in time eg: After dinner, they went out for a walk.（1）在后面，僅次于（按重要性）next to the foll

13、owing eg. Your name comes after mine in the list.（2）與對照、對比 in contrast to stheg. It was cool after the heat outside.（3）照著的樣子 following the example of sb/sth eg: Read the sentence after me, please.adv后來、以后later in time, afterwordseg:Soon after, she came back to her hometown.【常見搭配】作介詞時的搭配名詞 + 動詞 +(aft

14、er+( 1 ) A chase (after B)( 2 ) A go (after B)( 3 ) A look (after B)( 4 ) A model (after B)( 5 ) A name (after B)( 6 ) A run (after B)7 ) A search (after B)8 ) A see (after B)9 ) A seek (after B)10 ) A take (after B)The prince and princess lived happily ever after.名詞 )A 追趕 / 追求 BA 追逐 B.A 照顧 B.A 以 B

15、為榜樣、原型； A 效仿 BA用B作名字.A 追求 / 追趕 / 追逐 B.A 研究B.A 照顧BA 尋找B.A 與 B 相像 .二、( after+ 名詞)過了一會，不久畢 竟；終究正合.的心意；1 ) (after a while )2 2) (after all )3 3 ) (after one s own heart )5、 against【原始含義】a-g-a “ 相對 ”【引申含義】prep1 ) 碰著、靠著touching, close to or hitting sb/stheg: She was leaning against a tree.2 ) 反對 opposing

16、or disagreeing with sb./stheg: We should fight against crimes.3 ) 預防 in order to prevent sth from happening eg: Save money against a rainy day. 未雨綢繆4 ) 違反(違反法律、制度)eg: It is against the law to hunt tigers.5 5) 不利于 not to the advantage or favor of sb./sth eg: What he said is against him.6 6 ) 映襯 with

17、sth in the background as a contrastEg. The red flag stood out clearly against the blue sky.7 7)和相比 in contrast to stheg. You must weigh the benefits against the cost.【常見搭配】一、動詞 +(against+ 名詞 )1 ) act (against sth)違反 .2 )argue (against sth)為 .而爭辯/據(jù)理反對3 )compete (against sb)與某人比賽/ 競爭 /對抗4 ) decide (ag

18、ainst sth/doing sth)考慮后不做某事/ 聲明反對某事5 ) declare (against sb/sth)6 ) fight (against sth)7 ) go (against sth)8 ) inform (against sb)9 ) lean (against sth)10 ) offend (against sth)11 ) press (against sth)12 ) protect (against sth)13 ) prepare (against sth)14 ) strike (against sth)15 ) struggle (against

19、sb/sth)16 ) turn (against sth)17 ) vote (against sth)18 ) warn sb ( against sth)表態(tài)反對 .反對；與做斗爭違反告發(fā)、檢舉某人靠著某物 / 斜靠某物違犯壓在上保護免受的傷害防備罷工抗議 .與.搏斗 /反抗背叛投票反對提醒某人提防某事二、 be+adj+(against+ 名詞 )( 1 ) be prejudiced (against sb/sth)( 2 ) be proof (against sth)( 3 ) be set (against sth)6 、 around【原始含義】a+round “A 在一個圓

20、里面(在一定范圍內(nèi))【引申含義】對. 持有偏見可防止一的堅決反對 .prep( 1)在周圍，圍繞 surrounding sb/sth eg: There are many bars around the town.( 2 ) 在附近，到處in or to many placeseg: I showed him around our campus.adv( 1 ) 大約 approximatelyeg: There are around 1000 people watching the game.( 2 ) 在周圍eg : How can you make the wheel go aroun

21、d?( 3 ) 在附近、到處eg: I ran around to find him.【常見搭配】作介詞時+(around+ 名詞 )( 1 ) center (around sth)( 2 ) look (around sth)( 3 ) wrap (around sth)二 、 around + 名詞( 1 ) (around the corner)( 2 ) (around the clock)以 .為中心,集中于 .環(huán)顧 .；游覽 .；纏繞??；環(huán)繞.；.靠近、臨近、快來了；日夜不停地；夜以繼日地作副詞時名詞 + 動詞 +around1 ) sb gaze around某人向四周看，環(huán)視

22、( 2 ) sth get around某事(尤指消息、謠言等)走動、流傳3 ) sb/sth turn around某人或某物轉身7、 at【原始含義】“在場所，時間上的一點”【引申含義】 prep.( 1 ) 小地點 ,或小時間點used to say where sb/sth is or when sth happenseg: Usually, he is (at his office) (in the morning).She went to school (at 8 o clock) (in the morning).( 2 ) 在幾歲時the age (at which sb do

23、es sth)eg: She was married (at 23).( 3 ) 向，朝某人或某物 in the direction towards sb/sth eg: Dont point at me.knock at the door, shoot at the tiger, aim at the enemy(4)從相隔遠的地方the distance away from stheg: Can you read that poster (at fifty miles)?You d better keep him (at a distance).5 ) 處于某種狀態(tài)the situatio

24、n sb/sth is ineg: Mr. Smith is (at lunch).The country is (at war).Bill was (at his best) in college.(at one s best: 某人的輝煌時期 )(6) 在某方面in terms of eg: I am not good (at football).(7)表示引發(fā)某種情緒或動作的原因 to show the cause of stheg: He showed no sign of pleasure (at seeing her). I was delighted (at the result

25、)+.【常見搭配】、動詞+（at+名詞）(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(8)(9)aim (at sth) arrive (at sth) blush (at sth) come (at sb/sth) fire (at sth) gaze (at sb/sth) get (at sth ) glance (at sb/sth) glare (at sb/sth)以為目標；瞄準；針對； 到達某地或某種程度對感到臉紅；攻擊某人；發(fā)現(xiàn)某事向開火凝視，注視(10) grab/grasp (at sb/sth)(11) knock (at sth)(12) laugh (at sb)(13) l

26、ook (at sb/sth)(14) point (at sb/sth)(15) run (at sb/sth)(16) shoot (at sth)(17) shout (at sb)(18) smile (at sb)(19) target (at sb/sth)(20) wonder (at sth)(21) yell (at sb)二、(at+ 名詞)抓住敲,嘲笑某人看,指向/瞄準/針對向某人沖去；達到某種水平朝射擊朝某人喊叫向某人微笑瞄準一，以為目標對好奇/對感到吃驚對某人大喊大叫(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(8)(9)(at the age ) (of some numb

27、er)在幾歲(at an altitude ) (of some number)在某個高度(at the cost/expense )(of sth)(at the end ) (of sth)(at the request ) (of sb)(at the risk ) (of sth/doing sth)(at the sight )(of sb/sth)(at a speed )(of some number )(at the thought )(of sb/sth)以為代價在的結尾應某人的請求冒著.的風險一看見.以的速度一想到(10) (at birth )出生時(11) (at bo

28、ttom )其實，實際上到達，接近；著手；暗指；意知; 一瞥，掃視 對怒目而視(12) (at one s command )(13) (at the corner )(14) (at dawn/daybreak )(15) (at a discount )(16) (at first )(17) (at hand )(18) (at home )(19) (at large )(20) (at length )(21) (at last )(22) (at least )(23) (at leisure )(24) (at the moment )(25) (at any price )(2

29、6) (at one time )(27) (at the same time )(28) (at work ) 三、be+adj+(at+ 名詞)(1) be angry (at sb/sth) be competent (at sth) (3) be delighted (at sth) (4) be disappointed (at sb/sth) (5) be dissatisfied (at sb/sth) (6) be expert (at sth/doing sth) be skilled (at sth/doing sth) (8) be gifted (at sth/doin

30、g sth) (9) be good (at sth/doing sth)聽候.的差遣 在拐角處 在黎明，在拂曉 減價、折扣 最初，開始時 在手邊，即將發(fā)生 在家/國內(nèi) 自由，逍遙法外 詳細地最后，終于 至少，起碼 有空，閑暇時 現(xiàn)在，眼下不惜任何代價，無論如何 過去，曾經(jīng)，一度同時 在工作對生氣在方面有能力對感到非常高興 對感到失望 對不滿意 專長，擅長于，精通 在方面有技能，熟練 在有天賦 擅長對.憤怒對感到吃驚 被驚嚇 在方面欠缺，差(10) be hopeless (at sth/doing sth) 對感到絕望；對一籌莫展(11) be mad (at sb/sth)(12) be

31、surprised (at sb/sth)(13) be terrfied (at sth/doing sth)(14) be weak (at sth/doing sth)8、 before【原始含義】be+fore "在之前"(時間、空間、順序)”【引申含義】prep.(1) 時間上 earlier in timeeg: Please come back (before 10:00pm).(2) 空間上 earlie門n positioneg: Don ' t put the cart (before the horse).( 3 ) 順序上 earlier i

32、n order or arrangement eg: Health should come (before wealth).4 ) 當(某人)面in the presence of sbeg : She charged him of murder (before the jury).【常見搭配】：A 在 B 之上，比 B 更重要 在某人面前控訴 出現(xiàn)在某人面前把 A 看的比 B 重要站立在前面破曉之前不久以后當著某人的面提前順風在眾人面前一、動詞 +(before+ 名詞 )( 1 ) A come (before B)( 2 ) complain (before sb)( 3 ) go (b

33、efore sb)(4) put /set A ( before B)( 5 ) stand (before sb/sth) 二、( before + 名詞)( 1 ) (before day )( 2 ) (before long )( 3 ) (before one's eyes )( 4 ) (before time )( 5 ) (before the wind )( 6 ) (before the world )9、 behind【原始含義】be + hide"在之后”【引申含義】prep( 1)空間上，在后面 at the back of sb/stheg: A

34、dog is running (behind us).A dog is running (after us).(2)是產(chǎn)生的原因responsible for stating or developing stheg: There must be someone (behind it).What s (behind that happy smile)?( 3 ) 時間上，在之后 sth is in the past eg: New York is 12 hours (behind Beijing) (in time).(4 ) 能力上，在之后 making less progress than

35、sb./stheg: He s (behind the rest of others) (in reading).( 5) 支持，贊成giving approval of stheg : My mother is always (behind me) (whatever decision I make).adv在后面，在遠處eg: She rode (along the street) (with her dog) (running behind).作介詞時：一、動詞 +(behind+ 名詞 )(1) fall / lag (behind sb/sth)落在后面(2) go (behind

36、sth)進一步斟酌They will go behind the decision.二、( behind + 名詞)1)(behind bars )在獄中2)(behind sb s bac)k在背后3)(behind the schedule/time) 晚點、推遲4)(behind the times )過時、落伍作副詞時：(3) 1 ) sb stay/ remain behind 某人(在他人走后)逗留，留下(4) sb wait behind某人(在別人走后)留下(5) 3 ) leave sth/sb behind 忘帶，留下某物；超越某人10 、 beside【原始含義】be+s

37、ide"在邊上”【引申含義】 prep.(1)在.旁邊 next to ；by the side ofeg: a town (beside the sea)She sat (beside the teacher).( 2 ) 與 .相比compared witheg: My work is so poor (beside yours).【常見搭配】beside+ 名詞( 1 ) (beside oneself ) 高興的不得了(2) (beside the point ) 離題，不中肯；與無關11 、 besides【原始含義】beside+s "除夕卜，還有” in ad

38、dition to sb/sth prep eg: There were two other students (in the classroom)(besides Tom).【常見搭配】besides+ 名詞 / 動名詞eg: We have a lot (in common) (besides music) .(Besides working) (as a doctor) , he also writes a lot of stories.12 、 between【原始含義】be-two-in “在兩者之間”【引申含義】 prep.( 1 ) 空間、時間、順序、等級上，在兩者之間in th

39、e middle of two things in terms of space, time, order, class etc.eg: (Between two strange buildings) stands a tree.His age is (between sixty and seventy).( 2 ) 表示兩者之間的某種關系to show a connection or relationshipeg: He has to decide (between life and death).There is a great difference (between the two ar

40、ticles).You should learn between lines (字里行間) .( 3 ) 合用、共享shared by two or more people or thingseg: This is a secret (between you and me). (僅在我們倆之間) .We drank a bottle of wine (between us).【常見搭配】一、動詞 +(between+ 名詞 )( 1 ) draw a clear dividing line ( between sth)明顯區(qū)分一( 2 ) make a difference (between

41、sb/sth)區(qū)別對待( 3 ) read (between lines )讀出字里行間的言外之意( 4 ) stand (between sth/sb)阻礙二、名詞 +(between+ 名詞 )( 1 ) balance (between A and B)A 和 B 的均衡We should always consider the balance (between cost and benefit).( 2 ) connection (between sth/sb)某人或某物之間的聯(lián)系13 、 beyond【原始含義】be+yond "（在彼處）“在 之夕卜”【引申含義】： pr

42、ep.(1) 在較遠的一邊on the further side of stheg: The village is beyond the mountain.(2)時間上晚于later than a particular timeeg: It won t go on (beyond midnight).(3)超出某人的能力范圍，非所及far too advanced for sbeg: The bag is (beyond my reach).(4) 表水是不可能而to say that sth is impossibleeg: The bicycle is (beyond repair).【常

43、見搭配】(beyond+ 名詞 )1 ) (beyond one s ability/strength/power ) 超越某人的能力難以置信無法比喻無可救藥無法控制不容置疑2 ) (beyond belief )3 ) (beyond comparison )4 ) (beyond cure )5 ) (beyond control )6 ) (beyond doubt/suspicion )） 做夢也想不到 無法忍受7 ) (beyond one8) (beyond ones wildest dreamss endurance )9 ) (beyond expression )10 ) (

44、beyond imagination )11 ) (beyond12 ) (beyond13 ) (beyond14 ) (beyond15 ) (beyondmeasure )praise )price )one s reach ) reason )無法表達超出想象無法估量贊美不完，稱贊不絕極其珍貴，無價的在某人夠不著的地方不合理難以認出無法修復到海外難以理解 無法形容為某人所不能理解超出 ., 超過 .預料.；預見.( 16 ) (beyond recognition )( 17 ) (beyond repair )( 18 ) (beyond the seas )( 19 ) (beyo

45、nd understanding )( 20 ) (beyond words )She is very beautiful.She is elegant.Her beauty is beyond words.( 21 ) (beyond sb )+(beyond+ 名詞 )1 ) go (beyond sth)3 ) see (beyond sth)14 、 by【原始含義】“在旁邊”【引申含義】prep.(1) 在,旁邊 at the side ofeg: We prefer a table (by the window).(2) 不遲于，在之前 beforeeg: We have stud

46、ied several prepositions (by now).I shall have finished the work (by the time you return).(3) 3 ) 表示方式in which way sth is doneeg: I go to school (by bus).(4) 通過 ；根據(jù)according to stheg: He can tell the direction (by the stars).Don t judge a person (by his looks ).(5) 按計算 the degree or amount of stheg:

47、 Eggs are usually sold ( by dozen ) .The temperature has risen ( by 5 degrees ) (6)由于as a result of eg: They met (by chance).I did it (by mistake).(7)被usedeg: He was shocked (by what he had seen).8 ) 表示觸及或抓住人物的部分used to show the part of sb that another personcatcheseg: I seized her (by the hair).偶然地

48、巧合地想盡一切辦法、一定要借助于絕不，一點兒也不從外表相比之下對比之下根據(jù)定義，實質(zhì)上人工地靠記憶，背誦錯誤地天性上，本質(zhì)上輪流地順便說一下9 ) 表示逐步推進; the rate sth happenseg: He is making progress (day by day).10 0) 以的名義in the name ofeg: I swear (by Almighty God) (that I will never betray my country).adv.( 1 ) 經(jīng)過 pasteg: Time goes by quickly.He hurried by (without sp

49、eaking to me).( 2 ) 短暫拜訪eg: Please drop by (when it is convenient) (for you).【常見搭配】作介詞時 ：一、 by+ 名詞( 1 ) (by accident/chance )( 2 ) (by coincidence )( 3) (by all means )( 4) (by means )(of sb/sth)( 5) (by no means )( 6) (by appearance )( 7 ) (by comparison )( 8 ) (by contrast )( 9 ) (by definition )(

50、 10 ) (by hand )( 11 ) (by heart )( 12 ) (by mistake )( 13 ) (by nature )( 14 ) (by turns )( 15 ) (by the way )二動詞 + ( by+ 名詞)(1) come (by sth)(尤指通過努力)獲得；偶然得到(2) go (by sth) 順便走訪(3) judge sb/sth (by sth)通過 判斷，斷定某物或某人(4) live (by sth) 以為生計；遵守，遵循(5) pass (by sth)經(jīng)過；不考慮，回避(6) profit (by sth)從中獲益(7) ) s

51、wear (by sb/sth) 極其信賴某人；對某物發(fā)誓(8) ) take sb ( by sth) 抓住某人的某個部位9) tell (by sth)根據(jù)一判斷，推斷以為特征對厭惡精力被分散 被取代三、 be+ 過去分詞 + ( by+ 名詞)( 1 ) be characterized (by sth)( 2 ) be disgusted (by sth)( 3) be distracted(by sb/sth)( 4 ) be replaced (by sb/sth)名詞 +by+ 名詞一點一點地，逐漸地一天一天地，逐日一點一點地逐漸一個接一個并肩按部就班地年年，逐年1 ) bit

52、by bit2 ) day by day3 ) inch by inch4 ) little by little5 ) one by one6 ) side by side7 ) step by step8 ) year by year作副詞時：名詞 + 動詞 +by某人順便訪問某人勉強接受；設法勉強生存某人袖手旁觀（順便）過訪，串門( 1 ) sb drop by( 2) sb get by( 3 ) sb stand by( 4 ) sb stop by15 、 despite【原始含義】“ 盡管、不顧” = in spite ofeg: The old professor kept on working ( despite his poor health ) .【常見搭配】prep.( 1 ) despite sth/doing sth 盡管某事，盡管做了某事eg : He failed ( in the exam )( despite all the efforts )(Despite applying for hundreds of jobs ) , he is still out of work.(2) despite the fact that+句子盡管事實是eg. She kept learning Frenchdespite the fact thatsh