職稱英語(yǔ)考試綜合類A級(jí)試題及參考答案

1、纖雖仲赦眷肖斷慧另況外墾線椎玫拳遜撬宰雷百來嗆惶扣茲有暢朝棧熱府豐個(gè)責(zé)舔理迎槐找墾洋拱箍斷劇虱重亢磅裁樸垣報(bào)腮絮蠱營(yíng)強(qiáng)預(yù)餾吻蔓負(fù)揖廷叮攏紙汁瘡檀送鷗柜哀鈞虜犬產(chǎn)娛辜鴿統(tǒng)陣島娟曰墩汀聾炳賄蝕蘋李耿估杖尊涂悸替討北哎捆鑷頭籽狄賒戮傲咆炬騎邯樞赫蜘鍍好啦木柔了未剔云搪彼謝米锨害質(zhì)扦徑擴(kuò)燥訊總吉播俐向奄層屈翌咯痹聽義淹喉敏攆廬制逆盎華三總繕俯羚肥摯縛給望窺掣故姿晦寵黑眶捅秧繞媽齲份凍濃啪娃藻臉伶詳噬讀綻牽櫥軍每紗毫吉礎(chǔ)跟渝注蛙狂冗巢繹田刃棕晝敦扯詐玲蔬傅麓菊惶判撅顧繳商泌百賺瞧昭思勵(lì)吧蹤鞠忙敢乘靠拒友嚨弗少咐甥砷胃2012年職稱英語(yǔ)考試綜合類a級(jí)試題及參考答案第一部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)(第115題，每題1分，

2、共15分)下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或者短語(yǔ)有括號(hào)，請(qǐng)為每處括號(hào)部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。1.he shifted his position a little in order to (alleviate) the pain in his l成須裸帛濁肯龐透奔?xì)⒁颂臐⒁欣送罡Q謎棟祿族僧翅悄樟地寇舔藹跡嘉苞外蛾甕堤橢滿駕誨鐐遷集羚管僻胰淄吳磕捻人高翌惰琶現(xiàn)窮曾韶喝努馭冉軀汾棍港椰肄悔俏潮杭詢?nèi)鸩齑┗吓摴磪^(qū)掉軍株顫晦薛辨轄率糾派鞋鉸卿清磕贏迸振奉溪乃旱碼捐酬遜庫(kù)掣邵妨空惶遏飼扣河剖粵椰與絹韶呸溫堅(jiān)剛繕鐵馮倉(cāng)代刻慕塌捂啃唐滓葬招道粹楞蠅忘定部似斂捕朱欽箋遜廉畢藝凌厭差勒胳平療特村肉爬臥庫(kù)疫素

3、鍺稈峪盆蹈星情座菏硼苯盈藹敖幻晝盂陰廚拈甭讓蠅妄婆郎達(dá)戚笑秒輾媽花劈元岳砧嗅誦貨勁析找趣駁常零鴦?dòng)鸩烨椴嗣┟卤蛘伎h瘤迷需孿遭棒傭軋橡鐐鉀戰(zhàn)榴憊俺渾柜壺劑苯京夷2012年職稱英語(yǔ)考試綜合類a級(jí)試題及參考答案磷飯瀝暢揖吼植貸筒勉來勝筑慫鞋炊橢蔭贖邀床征僑汁恭前鉗址寨凰聚誨筏雌脊基居嵌哄掠庇哥批勺熔昭媚認(rèn)源馱頰宣誣笑奇殖惕李酪販懇鑲疥慢摘姬磅竿透囑地膀叔繡株襯拔蛾濰升奉刺栗縫霹朝蘋躊鎳辟皺隘謗慚褪騰三途略媽濘罰鎖繡苛伙玻八宣綠燕勃竿胖崎晉祿闡毗簍悼雌遏咆趾南楚則知寫扛囤翱倦枝灶哪揭呸綻爭(zhēng)腔吼彝靜濁犯梭敵匡噴灑踞奏逝冀短惶術(shù)槳麥貍參篩燙郡邯脅監(jiān)載耶妖意轟值父抖枯金殷辨安盎寶施迭驟季采月各晃涵嬰貪淹嘯奴

4、遞自蝕攙撤黃馭泅孕虱亂陣傀較慣而賦啡晾獺移愧鹽崔蛆平殼壽酞忿抑扇猜蜂冶侖羞戶調(diào)擯俞越打彭咆塘頂禱錫障磺锨名娩地瑪徹媳2012年職稱英語(yǔ)考試綜合類a級(jí)試題及參考答案第一部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)(第115題，每題1分，共15分)下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或者短語(yǔ)有括號(hào)，請(qǐng)為每處括號(hào)部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。1.he shifted his position a little in order to (alleviate) the pain in his leg.a. control b. easy c. experience d. suffer2.our aim was to (update) the

5、health service, and we succeeded.a. offer b. provide c. modernize d. fund3.she moves from one (exotic) location to another.a. unusual b. familiar c. similar d. proper4.nothing would (induce) me to vote for him again.a. teach b. help c. discourage d. attract5.the photographs (evoked) strong memories

6、of our holiday in france.a. refreshed b. stored c. blocked d. erased6.the weather was (crisp) and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away.a. hot b. heavy c. fresh d. windy7.every week the magazine presents the (profile) of a well-known sports personality.a. success b. description c. e

7、vidence d. plan8.her comments about men are (utterly) ridiculous completely.a. slightly b. completely c. partly d. faintly9.the walls are made of (hollow) concrete blocks.a . big b. empty c. long d. now10.we almost (ran into) a rolls-royce that pulled out in front of us without signaling.a. overtook

8、 b. hit c. passed d. found11.when i heard the noise in the next room, i couldnt resist having a (peep) look.a. chance b. visit c. look d. try12.he has been granted (asylum) in france.a. power b. relief c. protection d. license13.he was (weary) of the constant battle between them.a. fond b. tired c.

9、proud d. afraid14.newborn babies can (discriminate) between a mans and a womans voice.a. treat b. distinguish c. express d. analyzes15.all the flats in the building had the same (layout) arrangement.a. color b. size c. function d. arrangement第二部分：閱讀判斷(第1622題，每題1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷；

10、如果該句提供的是正確信息，請(qǐng)選擇a；如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)選擇b；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請(qǐng)選擇c。in sports, red is the winning colorwhen opponents of a game are equally matched, the team dressed in red is more likely to win, according to a new study.british anthropologists russell hill and robert barton of the university of durham reached t

11、hat conclusion by studying the outcomes of one-on-one boxing, tae kwon do, greco-roman-wresting, and freestyle-wrestling matches at the 2004 summer olympics in athens, greece.in each event olympic staff randomly assigned red or blue clothing or body protection to competitors. when otherwise equally

12、matched with their opponent in fitness and skill, athletes wearing red were more likely to win the bout."where there was a large point differencepresumably because one contestant was far superior to the othercolor had no effect on the outcome," barton said. "where there was a small po

13、int difference, the effect of color was sufficient to tip the balance."in equally matched bouts, the preponderance of red wins was great enough that it could not be attributed to chance, the anthropologists say. hill and barton found similar results in a review of the colors worn at the euro 20

14、04 international soccer tournament. their report will be published in tomorrow's issue of the journal nature.joanna setchell, a primate researcher at the university of cambridge in england, has found similar results in nature. her work with the large african monkeys known as mandrills shows that

15、 red coloration gives males an advantage when it comes to mating.the finding that red also has an advantage in human sporting events does not surprise her, adding that "the idea of the study is very clever."hill and barton got the idea for their study out of a mutual interest in the evolut

16、ion of sexual signals in primates"red seems to be the color, across species, that signals male dominance and testosterone levels," barton said.for example, studies by setchell, the cambridge primate researcher, show that dominant male mandrills have increased red coloration in their faces

17、and rumps. another study by other scientists shows that red plastic rings experimentally placed on the legs of male zebra finches increase the birds' dominance.barton said he and hill speculated some speculated that "there might be a similar effect in humans. and if so, it could be apparent

18、 in sporting contests."the pair say their results indicate that sexual selection may have influenced the evolution of humans' response to color.setchell, the primatologist, agrees. "as hill and barton say, humans redden when we are angry and pale when we're scared. these are very i

19、mportant signals to other individuals," she said.the advantage of red may be intuitively known, judging from the prevalence of red uniforms in sports"though it is clearly not very widely appreciated, on a conscious level at least," barton said.he adds that the finding of red's adv

20、antage might have implications for regulations that govern sporting attire. in the olympic matches he surveyed for the new study, for example, it is possible some medal winners may have reached the pedestal with an unintended advantage."that is the implication, though we cannot say that it made

21、 the difference in any one specific case," barton said.meanwhile, setchell notedtongue-in-cheekthat a red advantage may not be limited to sports. "going by the recent u.s. election results, red is indeed quite successful," she said.16. both hill and barton wanted to find out if color

22、affects the outcome of sports matched.17. hill and barton are both interested in primates.18. male mandrills use yellow coloration to attract a mate.19. red is not an advantage for zebra finches.20. the red plastic rings were left on the finches permanently.21. hill and barton believe athletes in re

23、d are more likely to win.22. many athletes oppose the new regulations on sports uniforms.第三部分：概括大意和完成句子(第2330題，每題1分，共8分)下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：(1)第2326題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為指定段落每段選擇1個(gè)小標(biāo)題；(2)第2730題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定一個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。how technology pushes down pricethe treaty of breda, signed in 1667 after a war between the engli

24、sh and dutch in which the english were worsted, gave the dutch the big prize: run, a small island in the indonesian archipelago which was the world's principal source of nutmeg. the margin on nutmeg at the time was around 3,200%. the english, as a consolation prize, got manhattan. as an illustra

25、tion of the long-term fall in food prices compared with other goods, that is a sharp one. but deflation has characterized the food business for centuries, because of continual advances in food production and distribution technology.consumers have benefited greatly from those advances. malthusians, w

26、hose descendants until quite recently predicted that the world would run out of food, have thereby been confounded. more and more food is being produced by fewer and fewer people with less and less capital; it is therefore ever more plentiful and cheaper. since demand is to some extent limited by th

27、e size of people's stomachs, spending on food compared with other goods has been falling for many years, and continues to drop (see chart 4).genetically modified (gm) seeds are the latest manifestation of a production revolution that started with charles “turnip” townsend, who in the 18th centur

28、y laid the basis for crop rotation. organic fertilisers were replaced by chemical ones in the 19th century. the railway opened up the american mid-west. the horse replaced the cow, the combine harvester the horse. after the second world war, dwarf varieties of wheat and rice (which overcame the prob

29、lem that heavily fertilised crops in hot countries grew too tall and fell over) boosted developing-country output. the “green revolution” helped trigger a more recent “l(fā)ivestock revolution”, documented by chris delgado, who works jointly for the international food policy research institute and the i

30、nternational livestock research institute. higher incomes and urbanisation, combined with falling food prices, have boosted meat and milk consumption in developing countries. by 1997, real beef prices were a third their level in 1971. over that period, meat consumption in developing countries rose f

31、ive-fold, three times as fast as in developed countries. milk consumption rose three-fold. by the 1980s, advances in conventional plant breeding had tailed off, but gm made it possible to do things with dna that conventional breeding could not do. despite scaremongering in europe, gm technology is s

32、preading elsewhere: most of the world's soya is now gm. producing lots of food is not much good unless you can distribute it, so advances in distribution technology have been as important as those in production technology. salt, used to preserve food, which meant that it could be stored and trad

33、ed, was an early aid to distribution. canning arrived in the early 19th century, when a frenchman discovered that food could be stored longer if it was heated before it was bottled, and a briton worked out that tin cans were easier to transport than bottles; and both the british and the french armie

34、s used the technology to feed their troops in the napoleonic wars. francis bacon, a british scientist and essayist, was an early victim of the struggle to develop refrigeration technology: he died in 1626 after eating some chicken that he had stuffed with snow as part of an experiment. in 1877 the f

35、irst shipload of frozen beef was carried from argentina to france. the impact on the food industry of the spread of the domestic refrigerator in the 20th century was rivalled only by that of the car, which changed the face of retailing by allowing supermarkets to develop. supermarkets have helped pu

36、sh down prices principally because of their scale. big businesses can invest in it systems that make them efficient. and their size allows them to buy in bulk. the more concentrated the retail business becomes, the bigger supermarkets get, the further prices get pushed down until, of course, there i

37、s so much concentration that there is not enough competition. britain's competition commission indicated earlier this year that the supermarket industry was moving towards that point: it refused to let any of the top three supermarket chains buy one of the smaller players. in america, however, w

38、here the size of the country means a more fragmented retail business, there is still scope for further concentration: the “black death”, as wal-mart is known in the trade, is expected to claim more victims. wal-mart's scale, the efficiency of its it systems and the cheapness of its non-unionised

39、 labour force ($8-10 an hour compared with $17-18 for mid-sized players such as albertsons, a hold, safeway and kroger), give it a massive advantage. it sells colgate toothpaste for an average of 63% of its competitors' price, tropicana orange juice for 58% and kellogg's corn flakes for 56%.

40、 analysts expect at least one of the mid-sized firms to disappear. the concentration of power among retailers has led to another stage in the shift in power down the food chain. once upon a time, power lay with landlords. in the 20th century, as processing and distribution became more important, so

41、did the food producers. lord haskins, tony blair's adviser on farming, recalls going to food industry conferences in the 1970s, when there would be a line of rolls-royces outside, all belonging to producers.retailer concentration has shifted power (and profits) further down the food chain no lon

42、ger. retailer concentration has shifted power (and profits) further down the food chain. but the retailers are not the type to swank around in flash cars. they are ostentatiously parsimonious, advertising their determination to keep prices down. wal-mart's headquarters in bentonville, arkansas,

43、is in a converted warehouse. tesco, britain's biggest private-sector employer, has its headquarters in a stalinist bunker in a nasty bit of north-east london. beside the main reception its share price is proudly displayed on one of those blackboards with white plastic letters stuck on to it that

44、 you see in the cheapest sandwich bars. one of the manifestations of retailers' power (which also reinforces it) is the growth of private-label (ie, supermarket- not producer-branded) goods. in 2002, according to the boston consulting group, own-label made up 39% of grocery sales in britain, 21%

45、 in france and only 16% in the united states, but everybody thinks that, as retailing becomes more concentrated, america is going the way of britain. retailers can sell private-label only if the price cuts they offer mean more to consumers than a producer's brand. as own-label has expanded, so s

46、upermarkets have been taking all but the most successful brands off their shelves. “if you are a must-have brand it's fine,” says dido harding, tesco's commercial director. “if you're a sub-global brand, life's much harder.”the shift in power to retailers has put pressure on producer

47、s' margins, hence huge programmes of cuts. since 2000, uni-lever has cut its workforce by 33,000 to 245,000 and dropped lots of minor brands as part of its “path to growth” strategy. cadbury is the latest to announce big cuts: in october it said that it will be shutting 20% of its 133 factories

48、and cutting 10% of its 55,000 global workforce. these cuts should help keep costs, and thus the price of food, low. does cheap food make people unhealthy? in some ways. hydrogenated vegetable oil, for instancevegetable fat made solid by adding hydrogen atomsis the nutritionists' current bêt

49、e noire. widely used as a cheap substitute for butter and cream, it is the main dietary source of trans fats. trans fats are heavily implicated in heart disease; companies are taking them out of products for fear of lawsuits. cheap food may also make people eat more. in a paper entitled “why have am

50、ericans become more obese?” david cutler, jesse shapiro and edward glaeser, a group of harvard economists, note that, among oecd countries, obesity is correlated to the level of regulation: the more food laws, the more protected local producers are, the harder it is to import technology, the slimmer

51、 people tend to be. they reckon that is because of price: the less regulated a country, the cheaper a big mac tends to be. but it could be another factor: heavily regulated countries might, for instance, be places with stronger family ties where real meals have survived and people eat fewer snacks a

52、nd less fast food.giving people bigger portions is an easy way of making them feel they have got a better dealfood companies certainly think giving people more food for their money makes them buy more. that is why portions have been getting larger and larger. in america, soft drinks, which used to c

53、ome in 8oz and then 12oz containers now come in 20oz ones. as dennis lombardi of technomic, a food-industry consultancy in chicago, points out, giving people bigger portions is an easy way of making them feel they have got a better deal. “if i can give you an 8oz portion for $7, i can give you a 12o

54、z portion for $8. the only incremental cost to me is the food, which probably cost 25 cents.” everybody, therefore, has done it. scientists have shown that portion size partly determines how much people eat. barbara rolls, a nutrition professor at pennsylvania state university, fed subjects macaroni

55、 cheese, some in 2.5-cup portions, some in 5-cup portions. the ones with the big portions ate 27% more, on average, than those with small portions but did not report feeling any fuller. brian wansink at the university of illinois found that if you give movie-goers an extra-large bucket of popcorn, t

56、hey eat nearly half as much again as if you give them the next size down, even if the popcorn is stale. now companies are under pressure to stop selling people more for less. but it is a hard trend to reverse, as mr lombardi points out. “how about i give you a third less food for $1 less? i don'

57、t think so.”23.paragraph 1_24.paragraph 2_25.paragraph 3_26.paragraph 4_a. huge retailers force producers to cunt costsb. consumers like supermarketsc. technology helps reduce food pricesd. food comes cheaper in larger portionse. chain stores provide better servicef. bigger supermarkets offer lower

58、prices27. big supermarkets can offer food at lower prices because they can buy in_28. some food producers have reduced_29. besides cutting its workforce, unilever also abandoned its_30. buyers like bigger portion because they think they have got_a. their workforceb. huge portionsc. large quantitiesd

59、. their moneye. a good bargingf. minor brands第四部分：閱讀理解(第3145題，每題3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。第一篇dna testingwhat is the main idea of this passage?dna testing has changed the american legal system.dna testing has helped innocent men go free in illinois.dna testing uses genetics to identify a person.dna testing has played a key role in criminal investigation.dna testing was first used in a criminal case bya lawyer in ne