英語語法語法入門

1、英語語法語法入門語法入門英語語法語法入門What shall we do today?n學習語法的目的和方法n英語10大詞類n英語8大句子成分n從句: 名詞性從句+定語從句+狀語從句英語語法語法入門學習語法的目的和方法 ：n 1）能懂：即，聽、讀英語時能分析句子的結構，以正確理解。n 2)能用：即，說、寫英語時能知道用合適的語法來表達?，F在進行時(be doing)】n 錯誤的方法：n 正確的方法：英語語法語法入門n1)死記規(guī)則n “現在進行時be doingbe doing 現在進行時”n2) 不馬上使用，平時也不用n3)考試時，想規(guī)則，有人想起來，有人想不起來，有的人想起來了但不會用。n

2、-翻譯：湯姆正在讀一本關于動物的書。n Tom read a book about animals.n Tom reads a book about animals.n Tom be doing read a book about animals.n Tom be reading a book about animals.n Tom are reading a book about animals.n4) 考試后老師評講n 有的同學聽懂了，改了過來；有的同學聽不懂(因為評講時老師一般講得簡略)。下次考試，有人做對了，有人還是做錯；做錯的被老師罵想努力追上有的追上了，有的還是聽不懂慢慢不喜歡英語

3、，認為自己永遠學不好。n5) 典型癥狀n 會背規(guī)則，有的會做題，但是開口/提筆錯誤很多。n 英語語法語法入門正確的方法：懂用感知n1)讀懂n “現在進行時的構成是be doingbe要隨人稱變化哦 這么回事”n2) 馬上使用n I am studying English. My father am(“哦不對，應該是 is ”)is watching TV. My mother is cooking. They are not study (“哦不對，應該是 studying”) studying English.n3)考試時，用語感+語法知識做題n -翻譯：湯姆正在讀一本關于動物的書。n To

4、m is reading a book about animals.n4) 平時遇到需要用英語時，也能正確用.n5)長期如此，此人被稱為“有語言天賦者”，“聰明，沒有辦法”n6) 使用正確方法的好處n 懂規(guī)則，會做題，開口/提筆可能有小錯，但基本正確，多開口說，多練筆后錯誤越來越少。英語語法語法入門正確的學習方法(續(xù))n學單詞、詞組也要這樣 “懂-用-感知”。如： n. a state of dangernExamples:nThe lifeboat went out to rescue a ship in distress.nSend out a distress signal. The s

5、hip is sinking！n(然后仿造例子造句) v. raise; lift upnExamples:nA lion suddenly reared its head from among the tall grass.nThe skyscraper rears above the neighboring buildings.n(然后仿造例子造句)英語語法語法入門英語10大詞類n英語有兩種詞類：實詞和虛詞n注意：有的詞可以兼類。如：fast（形、副） on(介、副）實詞虛詞代數名形副動（袋鼠明星互動）。介連冠嘆（接連官貪）英語語法語法入門1 主謂賓nQ老師喜歡數學。(主動句)nMr. Q

6、 likes math.nQ老師不喜歡數學。(主動句)nMr. Q does not like math.nQ老師喜歡什么？nWhat does Mr. Q like?n主謂賓句型n數學被Q老師喜歡。(被動句)nMath is liked by Mr. Q .n數學被被Q老師喜歡。(被動句)nMath is not liked by Mr. Q .n練習:劃分句子成分nQ老師玩麻將。nQ老師玩什么？n麻將被Q老師玩。英語語法語法入門2 主系表nQ老師是個好老師。他很好。他在樓頂。nMr. Q is a good teacher. He is very good. He is on the ro

7、of. (be)n他可能變成壞老師。nHe might become a bad teacher. (become, get, turn, grow)n(因為)Q老師保持沉默。n(because) He keeps silent. (keep, stay, remain)n子曰：不在沉默中變壞，就在沉默中變態(tài)。nQ老師經證明已經變態(tài)。nMr. Q proved BT-ed。(prove)nQ老師看起來很善良。他的英語聽起來不錯。他的皮膚摸起來很粗糙。他的飯嘗起來不錯。nHe looks kind. His English sounds nice. He smells bad. His skin

8、 feels rough. His food tastes good.n主系表句型n記憶口訣：“（身材）經證明變了，保持起來唄(=be)”n注意：系動詞后用形容詞 n He looks nice. (X) He looks nicely. His food tastes good. (X) His food tastes well.英語語法語法入門3 修飾語(限制語)：定語n修飾限制語的作用：縮小某概念的范圍nQ老師喜歡數學n(不過) Q老師喜歡漂亮的女生too。n Mr. Q likes beautiful girls too.n Q老師喜歡 教室里的 3個 年齡為31歲的 漂亮 女生。n

9、Mr. Q likes 3 31-year-old beautiful girls in the classroom.nQ老師喜歡 3個 教室里的 年齡為31歲的 漂亮 女生。(兩種意思)nMr. Q likes 31-year-old beautiful girls in 3 classrooms.nMr. Q likes 3 31-year-old beautiful girls in the classroom.n注意：有時候句子本身會有模糊性，分析時要用常識，找出最符合邏輯和常理的意思。n定義：名詞的修飾語叫定語。英語語法語法入門修飾語(限制語)：狀語nQ老師很/十分喜歡女生。nMr.

10、 Q likes beautiful girls very much/a a lot.nQ老師無可救藥地喜歡女生。nMr. Q likes beautiful girls hopelessly.nQ老師無可救藥地喜歡十分漂亮的女生。nMr. Q likes very beautiful girls hopelessly.nQ老師完全無可救藥地喜歡十分漂亮的女生。nMr. Q likes very beautiful girls completely hopelessl y.n定義：修飾“形副動”詞的成分叫狀語。n練習：請問劃線部分是什么成分？n英俊瀟灑的 Q老師 于2004年 在西南財大的校園

11、里 完全 無可救藥地 愛上了一位 如仙女般 漂亮的 女生。英語語法語法入門練習練習：請問劃線部分是什么成分？nThe handsome Mr. Q fell completely hopelessly in love with a girl, who was as beautiful as a princess, on the campus of SWUFE in 2004.nAmericas first black president plays basketball, which is a very active sport, extremely well.英語語法語法入門4：補語n(首先

12、)Q老師讓她很高興。n Mr. Q made her very happy.n(然后)Q老師讓她(成為了)已婚婦女。n Mr. Q made her a married woman.n與此類似 Americans elected him President of America.n注意兩個被動句n She was made very happy.n She was made a married womann He was elected President of America.n定義：補充說明主語或賓語的成分叫補語。分別叫賓補和主補。英語語法語法入門5：同位語nQ老師，一位人稱風流倜儻英俊瀟

13、灑誠實可靠小郎君的小伙子，于2004年，一個大雪來的有點晚的年度，在西南財大，一所位坐落于天府之國成都的高等學府，完全無可救藥地地喜歡上了H小姐，一位膚若凝脂吹可破、貌如天仙美若玉的女生。n定義：說明前面的名詞的身份、地位等的成分?？纱姹恍揎椩~做相應的句子成分。例如n一位人稱風流倜儻英俊瀟灑誠實可靠小郎君的小伙子，于一個大雪來的有點晚的年度，在一所位坐落于天府之國成都的高等學府，完全無可救藥地地喜歡上了一位膚若凝脂吹可破、貌如天仙美若玉的女生。n練習：分析劃線部分的成分。nMr. Q, a handsome and reliable young man, fell in love with

14、Miss H, a girl of great beauty, on the campus of SWUFE, a famous university in Chengdu, in 2004, a year with late snows.英語語法語法入門注意以下兩句的區(qū)別n1）Q老師，一位人稱風流倜儻英俊瀟灑誠實可靠小郎君的小伙子，于2004年，一個大雪來的有點晚的年度，在西南財大，一所位坐落于天府之國成都的高等學府，完全無可救藥地地喜歡上了H小姐，一位膚若凝脂吹可破、貌如天仙美若玉的女生。n2）人稱風流倜儻英俊瀟灑誠實可靠小郎君的Q老師，于大雪來的有點晚的2004年，在坐落于天府之國成都的

15、西南財大，完全無可救藥地地喜歡上了膚若凝脂吹可破、貌如天仙美若玉的H小姐。n說明：n 1)的劃線部分是同位語被修飾詞后，說明其身份地位或內容；n 2)的劃線部分是定語在漢語中是在被修飾詞前(英語中在其后)，說明其特征。n例如：He is against the idea which was mentioned at the meeting. (定)n He is against the idea that we should spend more money. (同)n He is my teacher, who is very honest and kind. (定)n He is my t

16、eacher, a man who is honest and kind. (同)英語語法語法入門句子成分總結及練習n主謂賓表主謂賓表 定狀補同定狀補同n練習：分析劃線部分的成分nQ老師，一位人稱風流倜儻英俊瀟灑誠實可靠小郎君的小伙子，于2004年，一個大雪來的有點晚的年度，在西南財大，一所位坐落于天府之國成都的高等學府，完全 無可救藥地喜歡上了H小姐，一位膚若凝脂吹可破、貌如天仙美若玉的女生。nMr. Q, a handsome and reliable young man who is known as the man of supreme virtue, fell in love wit

17、h Miss H, a girl of unparalleled beauty with a most delicate complexion, on the campus of SWUFE, a famous university situated in Chengdu, the famed Land of Heavenly Abundance, in 2004, a year when the snows came a bit too late.英語語法語法入門5）從句： 主語從句nQ老師喜歡數學讓我感到奇怪。nThat Mr. Q likes math surprises me.n= I

18、t surprises me that Mr. Q likes math.nQ老師喜歡數學是為大家所知的。nThat Mr. Q likes math is known to all.n= It is known to all that Mr. Q likes math.n注意that 有沒有意義？在從句中作不作成分？n (無意義。不做成分)nQ老師喜不喜歡數學(Q老師喜歡數學與否)不關我事。 nWhether Mr. Q likes math does not interest me.n= Whether or not Mr. Q likes math does not interest m

19、e.n= Whether Mr. Q likes math or not does not interest me.n= It does not interest me whether (or not) Mr. Q likes math (or not).n= It does not interest me if Mr. Q likes math (or not) .n注意whether 有沒有意義？在從句中作不作成分？n (有意義。不做成分)英語語法語法入門5）從句： 主語從句nQ老師喜歡什么不重要。nWhat Mr. Q likes is not important.nQ老師喜歡哪位Q師娘

20、很重要。nWhich Mrs. Q Mr. Q likes is important.n誰喜歡Q老師不重要。nWho likes Mr. Q is not important.nQ老師喜歡誰不重要。nWhom（who） Mr. Q likes is not important.nQ老師喜歡誰的女朋友很重要。nWhose girlfriend Mr. Q likes is important.n注意著色詞有沒有意義？在從句中作不作成分？n(有意義。作“主賓定”)n注意：引導詞要提前，但從句是陳述語序。英語語法語法入門5）從句： 主語從句nQ老師哪里遇到Q師娘不重要。nWhere Mr. Q me

21、t with Mrs. Q is not important.nQ老師何時遇到了Q師娘不重要。nWhen Mr. Q met with Mrs. Q is not important.nQ老師怎樣遇到了Q師娘不重要。nHow Mr. Q met with Mrs. Q is not important.nQ老師何時何地怎樣遇到了Q師娘也不關我事。nWhen, where, and how Mr. Q met with Mrs. Q is not important.nQ老師何時何地怎樣遇到了哪位Q師娘很重要。nWhen, where, how Mr. Q met with which Mrs.

22、 Q is important.n注意著色詞有沒有意義？在從句中作不作成分？n(有意義。作狀語)n注意：引導詞要提前，但從句是陳述語序。英語語法語法入門主語從句總結n由下列詞引導n thatn whethern (二者經常用it作形式主語)n what, which, who (whom), whosen when, where, why ，how (含 how many/much/far/long 等 )英語語法語法入門6 從句：賓語從句n我不知道Q老師喜歡數學。nI dont know that Mr. Q likes math.n我不知道Q老師喜不喜歡數學(Q老師喜歡數學與否)。nI d

23、ont know whether Mr. Q likes mathn我不關心Q老師喜歡什么。nI dont care what Mr. Q likes n我不關心Q老師哪里遇到Q師娘。nI dont care where Mr. Q met with Mrs. Qn我不關心Q老師何時遇到了Q師娘。nI dont care when Mr. Q met with Mrs. Qn我不關心Q老師怎樣遇到了Q師娘。nI dont care how Mr. Q met with Mrs. Qn我不關心Q老師何時何地怎樣遇到了Q師娘。nI dont care when, where, and how Mr

24、. Q met with Mrs. Q.n我不關心Q老師遇到了多少Q師娘。nI dont care how many Mrs. Qs Mr. Q met with.英語語法語法入門賓語從句續(xù)The story implies(暗示暗示) that love cannot be separated from responsibility. 這個故事表明，愛情和責任是不可分的。這個故事表明，愛情和責任是不可分的。Scientists think that losing leaves help some trees to conserve water in the winter. 科學家們認為，落葉

25、有助于樹木在冬季保持水分?？茖W家們認為，落葉有助于樹木在冬季保持水分。從句作雙賓語中的從句作雙賓語中的直接賓語直接賓語 She assured(讓讓放心放心) me that everything would be all right. 她讓我放心，一切都不會有問題。她讓我放心，一切都不會有問題。 We persuaded him that it would be best to wait. 我們勸他最好等一下。我們勸他最好等一下。 Nick told me when the contact would be effective. 尼克告訴我合同何時將生效。尼克告訴我合同何時將生效。英語語法語

26、法入門賓語從句續(xù)It可作形式賓語可作形式賓語nI thought it a false idea that old age brings wisdom. 我覺得年老會令人聰明是一種錯誤的看法。我覺得年老會令人聰明是一種錯誤的看法。nHe has made it clear that he wouldnt take over the job. 他已經明確表示不愿意接管這項工作。他已經明確表示不愿意接管這項工作。He hasnt made it clear why he had failed. 他沒有說清楚自己為什么失敗了。他沒有說清楚自己為什么失敗了。英語語法語法入門賓語從句續(xù)n以以that 引

27、導的從句作單賓語的動詞有很多，常引導的從句作單賓語的動詞有很多，常見的有：見的有：accept, acknowledge, admit, advise, agree, announce, answer, anticipate, argue, ask, assume, believe, boast, complain, conclude, confess, confirm, consider, decide, declare, deem, demand, demonstrate, deny, emphasize, estimate, imply, insist, judge, maintain,

28、 notice, promise等等等等英語語法語法入門賓語從句總結n由下列詞引導n thatn whethern what, which, who (whom), whosen when, where, why， how (含 how many/much/far/long 等 )n(可用it作形式主語)英語語法語法入門7 從句：表語從句n實際情況是實際情況是他和他的學生們都筋疲力盡了他和他的學生們都筋疲力盡了。n The fact is that both he and his students are exhausted.n我的印象是我的印象是他贊成這個計劃他贊成這個計劃。nMy impr

29、ession is that he is in favor of the plan.n問題是問題是誰付款誰付款。nThe problem is who will pay.n我感興趣的事情是我感興趣的事情是他們是否訂婚了他們是否訂婚了。nWhat I am interested in is whether they have been engaged to each other.n使他們傷腦筋的事情是使他們傷腦筋的事情是到哪兒找向導到哪兒找向導。nWhat was troubling them was where they could find a guide.英語語法語法入門表語從句：表語從句

30、：The place is no longer what it was ten years ago. 這個地方已經不是十年前的樣子了。這個地方已經不是十年前的樣子了。 I am who you are looking for. 我就是你所找的人。我就是你所找的人。 The car is where you parked it . 汽車在你原先停放的地方。汽車在你原先停放的地方。 This is why I returned their invitation. 這就是我謝絕他們邀請的理由。這就是我謝絕他們邀請的理由。英語語法語法入門表語從句：表語從句：as if /as though 以及以及

31、as /because I felt as though my head were splitting. 我覺得頭好像要裂開似的。我覺得頭好像要裂開似的。 The milk smells as if it is sour. 這牛奶聞起來好像酸了。這牛奶聞起來好像酸了。Things are not as they seem to be. 事物并不像它們表面上看起來那樣。事物并不像它們表面上看起來那樣。 It may be because he is too young. 這可能是因為他太年輕了這可能是因為他太年輕了英語語法語法入門8 從句：同位語從句我們必須面對我們已經把所有的錢都花完了這一事實

32、。我們必須面對我們已經把所有的錢都花完了這一事實。We must face the fact that we have spent all our money.情況會有好轉的設想是沒有根據的。情況會有好轉的設想是沒有根據的。The assumption(設想設想) that things will improve is groundless.n與同位語從句同位的名詞是一些具有一定內容含義的抽象與同位語從句同位的名詞是一些具有一定內容含義的抽象名詞，常見的有：名詞，常見的有： answer, belief, conclusion, decision, discovery, fact, hint,

33、 hope, idea, information, impression, news, report, opinion, order, possibility, problem, promise, question, rumor, sign, statement, truth等。等。例如：例如：The impression that English is very difficult is completely wrong. 英語語法語法入門同位語從句續(xù)2. 2. 疑問詞引導的同位語從句疑問詞引導的同位語從句 The question, why you are so interested in

34、 music, has not been answered yet. 你還沒有回答你還沒有回答“你為什么對音樂這么感興趣？你為什么對音樂這么感興趣？”這個問這個問題。題。 My problem that is ,whether I should invite him was solved when I received news of his illness. 我的問題我的問題 我是否應該邀請他我是否應該邀請他 在我得到他生病在我得到他生病的消息后就解決了。的消息后就解決了。 英語語法語法入門總結：名詞性從句n主語、賓語、表語、同位語從句在大句子中, 像名詞一樣，分別做主語、賓語、表語、同位語

35、，所以統稱為名詞性從句。n I dont know English. I dont know who will come tomorrow.n由下列詞引導n that （無意義，在從句中不做成分）n whether （有意義，在從句中不做成分）n what, which, who (whom), whosen when, where, why， how (含 how many/much/far/long 等 )n有時可用it作形式主語或形式賓語。英語語法語法入門定語從句n一位男生站在教室里面。n這位男生看起來很帥。n 一位看起來很帥的男生站在教室里面。n那位站在教室里面的男生看起來很帥。n兩句

36、分別著重表達什么？這樣合二為一的好處是什么？n注意區(qū)別n一位站在教室里面的男生看起來很帥。英語語法語法入門定語從句n翻譯：n 一位男生站在教室里面。n A boy is standing in the classroom.n這位男生看起來很帥。n The boy looks very handsome.n一位看起來很帥的男生站在教室里面。n A boy who/that looks very handsome is standing in the classroom.n那位站在教室里面的男生看起來很帥。n The boy who/that is standing in the classroo

37、m looks very handsome.英語語法語法入門定語從句n翻譯n一位美女站在教室里面。n A beautiful girl is standing in the classroom.n我喜歡這位美女。n I like this beautiful girl.n我喜歡這位站在教室里的美女。n I like the beautiful girl who/that is standing in the classroom.n我喜歡的這位美女站在教室里面。nThe girl whom/who/that I like is standing in the classroom.nhe woma

38、n who/whom I wanted to see was away on holiday. n請問 標紅的詞在從句中作什么成分？n賓語（可以省略）英語語法語法入門定語從句n合句nThe woman-she lives next door-is a doctor n- The woman who lives next door is a doctor. n we know a lot of people-they live in London n - We know a lot of people who live in London. nExercise : find the relati

39、ve clause(定語從句).n* An architect is someone who designs buildings. n* What was the name of the man who lent you the money? n* Anyone who wants to do the exam must enter before next Friday. 英語語法語法入門定語從句relative clausenB: When we are talking about things, we use that or which in a relative clause。n * I

40、 dont like stories that have unhappy endings. (or . stories which have .) n * Barbara works for a company that makes washing machines. (or . a company which makes.) n * The machine that broke down has now been repaired. (or The machine which broke ndown .) n 英語語法語法入門定語從句relative clausenHave you foun

41、d the keys that you lost? nThe dress that Ann bought doesnt fit her very well. nIs there anything that I can do? n請問 標紅的詞在從句中作什么成分？n賓語（可以省略）英語語法語法入門定語從句relative clausen注意介詞的位置ndo you know the woman?-Tom is talking to her n - Do you know the woman (who/that) Tom is talking to? n - Do you know the wom

42、an to whom Tom is talking n the bed-I slept in it last night - wasnt very comfortable n - The bed (that/which) I slept in last night wasnt very comfortable. n- The bed in which I slept last night wasnt very comfortable.n n * The woman (who/that) he fell in love with left him after a few weeks. n The woman with whom he fell in love left him after a few weeks.n * The man