【高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法】動(dòng)名詞

1、xxx 主動(dòng)形式主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式一般式doingdoingbeing donebeing done完成式完成式having donehaving donehaving been having been donedone writing the book has taken up all his spare time. 翻譯翻譯: 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)眼見(jiàn)為實(shí). seeing is believing.la. its no good talking a lot without doing anything.l 對(duì)此爭(zhēng)論是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間對(duì)此爭(zhēng)論是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間.l its a waste of time a

2、rguing about it.lb. theres no joking about such matters.l theres no saying what hell be doing next.l theres no telling what hes going to do.l注注：與與的區(qū)別：的區(qū)別：l 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)通常表示抽象的或泛指的動(dòng)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)通常表示抽象的或泛指的動(dòng)作，一般不與特定的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者聯(lián)系在一起；作，一般不與特定的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者聯(lián)系在一起；l 不定式作主語(yǔ)通常表示具體的動(dòng)作或行為，不定式作主語(yǔ)通常表示具體的動(dòng)作或行為，往往與特定的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者聯(lián)系在一起往往與特定的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者聯(lián)

3、系在一起l its no use crying over spilt milk. (抽象抽象)l he realized that to go on like this was no use. (具體具體)l a. 當(dāng)表語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，主語(yǔ)也要用動(dòng)名詞；當(dāng)表語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，主語(yǔ)也要用動(dòng)名詞； 當(dāng)表語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)，主語(yǔ)也要用不定式，如：當(dāng)表語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)，主語(yǔ)也要用不定式，如： seeing is believing. to see is to believe.lb. 動(dòng)名詞和不定式作主語(yǔ)，一般都可以使用動(dòng)名詞和不定式作主語(yǔ)，一般都可以使用形式主語(yǔ)形式主語(yǔ) ，而將動(dòng)名詞或不定式放在句尾。，而將動(dòng)名詞或不

4、定式放在句尾。但是在下列句型中，一般宜用動(dòng)名詞，不宜但是在下列句型中，一般宜用動(dòng)名詞，不宜用不定式來(lái)代替：用不定式來(lái)代替：l its no use doing l its no good doing l its a waste of time doing l its fun doing 如：如： its no use going there today; he wont be at home. its no good waiting here. lets walk home. its great fun sailing a boat.lc. 而在而在its important / its ne

5、cessary / its advisable / its essential 這類(lèi)句型中這類(lèi)句型中，只能用不定式，如：，只能用不定式，如：l its important to learn foreign languages.l 讀許多遍是很有必要的讀許多遍是很有必要的.l its quite necessary to read it many times. l lhearing the words, she couldnt help thinking of her past bitterness.l我們都回避提及此事我們都回避提及此事.lwe all avoided mentioning t

6、hat matter. 能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有兩類(lèi)：能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有兩類(lèi)： . 只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，其中有：只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，其中有： avoid, admit, advise, appreciate, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, finish, give up, cant help, imagine, keep (on), dont mind, miss, practise, put off, go on, resist, suggest等，如：等，如： i enjoy working with you. 瑪莉正考

7、慮換工作瑪莉正考慮換工作. mary is considering changing her job. would you mind ringing me up tomorrow? . 既可以用動(dòng)名詞，又可以用不定式作賓語(yǔ)既可以用動(dòng)名詞，又可以用不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，其中有：的動(dòng)詞，其中有： begin, continue, forget, hate, like, love, prefer, propose（建議，打算）（建議，打算）, regret, remember, start, try, want, need, stopl但是在下列情況下，通常用但是在下列情況下，通常用：la. 在在li

8、ke / love / prefer / hate 后表示一個(gè)特定后表示一個(gè)特定的新動(dòng)作時(shí)：的新動(dòng)作時(shí)：l i like to buy a suit.l 我不愿意讓他們失望我不愿意讓他們失望l i hate to disappoint them. lb. 當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞已用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)：當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞已用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)：l the water is beginning / starting to boil.l im starting to work on my essay next week.lc. 在在begin 等后，非限定動(dòng)詞由某些狀態(tài)動(dòng)等后，非限定動(dòng)詞由某些狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成時(shí)（即：指心理狀態(tài)或精神活動(dòng)時(shí)

9、）詞構(gòu)成時(shí)（即：指心理狀態(tài)或精神活動(dòng)時(shí)）l she began to believe his story.l he began to realize that he was wrong.ld. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是物，不是人時(shí)：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是物，不是人時(shí)：l the water started / began to boil.l the ice started / began to melt. 在在need, want, deserve等后，可用動(dòng)名詞的主等后，可用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)含義，或用不定式的被動(dòng)式，意義動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)含義，或用不定式的被動(dòng)式，意義上無(wú)差別。但用動(dòng)名詞較為普遍，（這時(shí)主語(yǔ)一上無(wú)差別。但

10、用動(dòng)名詞較為普遍，（這時(shí)主語(yǔ)一般是物），如：般是物），如： the door needs oiling / to be oiled.lc. 有的動(dòng)詞盡管可以用兩種結(jié)構(gòu)，但意義明顯有的動(dòng)詞盡管可以用兩種結(jié)構(gòu)，但意義明顯不同，須認(rèn)真加以區(qū)別不同，須認(rèn)真加以區(qū)別 (mean, remember)l i forgot to close the door before i left the room.l i forgot having closed the door.l he tried to write better. (盡量努力地寫(xiě)盡量努力地寫(xiě))l he tried writing with a b

11、rush. (用毛筆試著寫(xiě)用毛筆試著寫(xiě))l i couldnt help finishing it. (不能不結(jié)束某事不能不結(jié)束某事)l i couldnt help to finish it. (不能幫助結(jié)束某事不能幫助結(jié)束某事)l they left off fishing. (停止釣魚(yú)停止釣魚(yú))l they left off to fish. (離開(kāi)某處出發(fā)去釣魚(yú)離開(kāi)某處出發(fā)去釣魚(yú))l i regret to say that there is no wine in the bottle. (對(duì)現(xiàn)在要發(fā)生的事表示遺憾、抱歉對(duì)現(xiàn)在要發(fā)生的事表示遺憾、抱歉)l i regret not ta

12、king your advice. (后悔后悔) 動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）還常常跟在短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）還常常跟在短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的有：作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的有：insist on / persist in / think of / dream of / hear of / prevent from / keep from / stop from / feel like / be engaged in / depend on / thank for / excuse for / set about / spend in / be fond of / be afraid of / b

13、e tired of / succeed in / be interested in / be proud of / burst out / give up object to / look forward to / contribute to / devote to / get (be) used to / lead to / 等，等，如：如：lwhy do you persist ?l he insisted .l they all objected .l are you interested ?l im thinking .l i dont feel .l she is afraid .

14、l he finally got tired .l(3) v.+ gerund (object)l v. + object + infinitive (complement) l advise, admit, allow, consider, permit, encourage, forbid, recommendl she recommended us to visit the town of london.l she recommended visiting the town of london. ( ) he warned me . she left . , she had to tak

15、e care of the children. he felt uncomfortable .如：如：l whats their reason ?l have you any objection ?l he has little hope .如：如： singing competition swimming pool dining car opening speech drinking cup living room typing paper waiting room writing desk washing machine frying-pan sleeping-pill walking s

16、tick teaching method 有時(shí)為了明確動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，有時(shí)為了明確動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，可以在動(dòng)名詞之前加上一個(gè)可以在動(dòng)名詞之前加上一個(gè)或或，來(lái)表示動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語(yǔ)。有時(shí)也可以用，來(lái)表示動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語(yǔ)。有時(shí)也可以用人稱(chēng)代詞賓格人稱(chēng)代詞賓格或或名詞普通格名詞普通格，但主要用于，但主要用于中。中。 she wont hear of . do you object to ? 作主語(yǔ)：作主語(yǔ)： 放在句首作主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該用物主代詞和所有格放在句首作主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該用物主代詞和所有格 was a great encouragement to us. wont be of much

17、 help.l 作表語(yǔ)：作表語(yǔ)：lour sole worry is .lwhats troubling them is l 作賓語(yǔ)：作賓語(yǔ)：ldo you mind ?lplease excuse .l 作介詞賓語(yǔ)：作介詞賓語(yǔ)：lthey insisted on .ldo you think there will be any chance of ? l動(dòng)名詞的一般形式通常表示一般性動(dòng)作（即動(dòng)名詞的一般形式通常表示一般性動(dòng)作（即不是明確地在過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作不是明確地在過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作）或是與謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作）或是與謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，如：，如：lthey are all interested in climbing mountains.lhe took a great delight in helping others.如：如：lhe didnt mention having met me.li regret not having taken her advice.li dont remember having ever promised you that.在某些動(dòng)詞之后（或在成語(yǔ)中）常用（在某些動(dòng)詞之后（或在成語(yǔ)中）常用（或可以用）動(dòng)名詞的一般形式表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)或可以用）動(dòng)名