2020年高三英語語法講解及練習(xí)題：名詞性從句

1、重難點(diǎn)分析名詞性從句是歷年高考的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，也是熱點(diǎn)。名詞性從句相當(dāng)于名詞，可作主句的主 語、賓語、表語和同位語。因此，名詞性從句可分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語 從句（見下表）。主語從句作主語，用 that, whether, if, what(二the thing that)等連接詞引導(dǎo)。賓語從句作賓語，用 that (可省略),whether (or not) , if, what(二the thing which) 等連接詞引導(dǎo)。表語從句用 that (般不省略),whether, what(=the thing which)等連接詞引導(dǎo)。同位語從句用 that (常用在 n

2、ews, thought, idea, plan, suggest!on, fact 等詞后)， whether等連接詞引導(dǎo)。一、主語從句主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句，通常放在主語謂語動詞之前或由形式主語応代替, 而本身放在句子末尾n如：Who will go is not important.誰將去不是重要的。1. it作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較it作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而 it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對句子每一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時也可用who/whom。如：It is a pity

3、 that you didn't go to see the film.（主語從句）你沒去看電影真是遺憾。It is in the morning that the murder took place.（強(qiáng)調(diào)句）謀殺案發(fā)生的時間是在早晨。2. 用it作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)句型例句1It is+名詞+主語從句It is a fact that事實是/ It is an honor that非常木幸/ Itis comm on kno wledge that是常識2It is+形容詞+主語從 句It is natural that很自然/ It is strange that 奇怪的是（此句型后

4、面常接虛擬語氣should+動詞原形）3lt+不及物動詞+主語從句It seems that彳以乎/ It happened that碰巧/ It appears that似乎4It is/has been+過去分詞+主語從句It is reported that據(jù)扌艮道/ It has been proved that據(jù)證 頭/ It is said that據(jù)說/ It is believed that據(jù)認(rèn)為/般 人都認(rèn)為2.主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況說明例句1if引導(dǎo)的主語從句不可位于復(fù)合句句首Whether he will come or not in unknown.（正）If

5、he will come or not is unknown.（誤）2It is said/reported結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提刖It is said that Jiang will visit our school next week（正）Jiang will visit our school next week is said（i吳）3It happens/occurs結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提刖It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.（正）That he failed in the examination occurred

6、to him（誤）4It doesn't matter how/whether-纟吉構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前It does n't matter whethe r he is wrong or not.（正）Whether he is wrong or not doesn't matter.（誤）5含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時,主語從句不可提前Isn't likely that it will rain in the evening?(正)Is that it will rain in the evening likely?(誤)二. 賓語從句賓語從句是在復(fù)合句中

7、作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞（及物動詞）或介詞之后。說明例句1作動詞的賓語由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（that通常可以省略）1 heard (that) he joined the army.我聽說他參軍To由what,whether/if,when.where等引導(dǎo)的賓語 從句She did not know what had happened.她不知 道發(fā)生了什么。動詞+間接賓語+賓語從句She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她告訴我她將接受我的邀請。2作介詞的賓語Our success depe nds on /up

8、on how well we can cooperate with one another.我們的成功取決于 我們互相合作得有多好。3作形容詞的賓語1 am afraid (that) 1 have made a mistake.恐怕我 犯了個錯。4It可以作為形式賓語We heard it that she would get married next month.我們聽說她下個月打算結(jié)婚。否定前移（若主句謂語動詞為think,5consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含 有否定意義，一般要把否定詞

9、轉(zhuǎn)移到主句 謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式）。1 don't think this dress fits you well.我認(rèn)為這件 衣服不適合你穿。注意:th at引導(dǎo)的從句常跟在某些形容詞后作賓語，如:anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, gald, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, satisfied, content等。也可將此類詞后的從句看作是原因狀語從句。三、表語從

10、句表語從句是在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語+連系動 詞+表語從句"。可以接表語從句的連系動詞有be, look, remain, seem等引導(dǎo)表語從句的引 導(dǎo)詞that 般不省略。另外，常用的含有表語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)還有“The reason is that“It is because*-", "That's why 等。如:The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus. 他上學(xué)遲到的原因是他錯過了早班車C四. 同位語從句同位語從句是在復(fù)合句中作

11、名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。說明例句1對于名詞進(jìn)一步解釋同位語的功能The king's decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people 國王做岀釋 放那個罪犯的決定讓所有人都很吃驚。（一般由that引 說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容The order that all the soldiers should stay still導(dǎo)）is given by the general.所有的士兵都應(yīng)該保 持不動，這個命令是將軍下的。2同位語從句在句子中的位置有時可以不緊跟在它所 說明的名詞后面，被別 的詞隔開He

12、 got the news from Mary that the sportsmeeting was put off.他從瑪麗那里得到消息運(yùn)動會被推遲了。五. whether, if引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別說明例句1句首引導(dǎo)主語從句只能用whetherWhether we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.我們明天是否去野營取決于天氣。2if不能引導(dǎo)表語從句What the doctor really doubt is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soo

13、n.陜牛真正懷疑的 是我的母親是否會很快從重病中恢復(fù)。3if不能引導(dǎo)介詞后的賓語從 句Everything depends on whether we can make a plan that they will agree to.切取決于我們能否做出一個他們會 同意的計劃。4賓語從句是否定句只能用if1 asked Peter if he had nt decided what he would say at the meeting.我問皮特他是不是還沒決定會議上他講的 內(nèi)容。5discuss后的賓語從句只能用whether 引導(dǎo)We discussed whether the medici

14、ne will cause side effects.我們討論了這個藥是否會引起副作用。注意:doubt作喺疑懈，后接賓語從句時，如主句是肯定的，賓語從句用whether或if引導(dǎo)，如主句是否定，賓語從句只能用that引導(dǎo)。如：I doubt whether/if he is fit for the job.我懷疑他是否勝任這份工作。I don't doubt that he can do it very well.他能把它做好，我不懷疑?？键c(diǎn)練透一、單句填空用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空，補(bǔ)全下列句子。1丨 can't decide dictionary I would buy2. Tha

15、t's he refused my invitation.3 I am very interested in he has improved his pronunciation in such a shorttime.4 we need is more time.5. The fact she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody.6. and they will meet has not been decided yet.7. Please tell me you are waiting for.8. Is

16、that you are looking for?9. Would you please tell me the nearest post office is?10. I don't know he will agree to the plan or not.11. is done cann't be undone.12. Take care you don't make mistakes in the coming exam.13 To his surprise, the umbrella was not he had put.14. we can't get

17、 seems better than we have15. he is willing to come is not important.16. they are most interested in is they can produce more and bettercars.17. It does n't matter I rest or not.18. I have will be yours sooner or later.19. I think it is you are eating too much20. Can you make sure Alice has put

18、the gold necklace?21. Do you remember he came?Yes, I do. He came by train.22. Mother asked me was wrong with me23 they have won the game made us excited24. he says in his report is a very interest!ng question.25. That is he failed to arrive on time二、語篇填空根據(jù)短文意思用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空。I don't know you have notice

19、d2 some students don't want to walk toschool. It can be seen every day 3 their parents drive them to school. But nowadays, it should be brought to our notice4 the air is seriously polluted 5 can we doabout it? Here I have a suggest!on 6 we should ride on our bike to school! 7 we can do it will n

20、ot only have significant benefits for our health, 8 also help improve our environment. 9 we will have a better environment depends on 10 we can do for ourselves and for nature三、語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Keeping complaining can be a hurt in interpersonal relationships. So, 1 (improve)relati

21、onship with others, you need to be aware of several sensible ways to complain. To begin with, you need to be specific Don't say, “Boy, did you act like 2 fool at the party?" Instead, say. "You embarrassed me by getting drunk and telling 3 (offend) jokes to my parents Secondly, stick to

22、 the present. Don* mention old oftences 4 are from last month or last year. 5 doing this, you take away attention from the problem at hand. Moreover, _6 you complai n, never add in suits. If you start calling the other person n ames, that only _7 (create) anger and hurt any ch a nee of getti ng the

23、person to r eally liste n to 8 A last point to remember is to complain privately. Never criticize the other person in front of friends, parents, childrenf or anyone else for that matter. Criticizing in front of a third party has the same effect as in suits This shames the pers on 9 (criticize) and m

24、akes 10 very likely that the person will want to attack you orally rather than listen to you.助讀詞匯sensible 30 明智的spec帀c adj.具體的offence n.冒犯insult n.侮辱pnvately adv.私下地shame vt使丟臉orally adv. 口頭上interpersonal relationship 人際關(guān)系參考答案考點(diǎn)練透一、單句填空1. which 2. why 3. how 4. What 5. that 6. When; where 7. whom(m) 8. what 9. where 10. whether 11. What 12. that 13. where 14. What; what 15. Whether