課程設(shè)計(jì)單片機(jī)串口與紅外雙機(jī)通信設(shè)計(jì)

1、中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)綜合設(shè)計(jì)姓 名： * 學(xué) 號(hào)： * 專(zhuān) 業(yè)： * 題 目： 單片機(jī)串口與紅外雙機(jī)通信 專(zhuān) 題： 單片機(jī)技術(shù)綜合設(shè)計(jì) 設(shè)計(jì)地點(diǎn)： * 設(shè)計(jì)日期： * 成 績(jī)： 指導(dǎo)教師： 年 月 單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書(shū)學(xué)生姓名：* 專(zhuān)業(yè)年級(jí)：* 學(xué)號(hào)：* 設(shè)計(jì)日期： *設(shè)計(jì)專(zhuān)題： 單片機(jī)技術(shù)綜合設(shè)計(jì)設(shè)計(jì)題目：?jiǎn)纹瑱C(jī)串口與紅外雙機(jī)通信設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容和要求：1. 主要內(nèi)容： 實(shí)現(xiàn)51學(xué)習(xí)板的按鍵掃描及顯示按鍵的功能 實(shí)現(xiàn)51學(xué)習(xí)板的串口通信及顯示的功能 實(shí)現(xiàn)51學(xué)習(xí)板的紅外通信及顯示的功能 2. 整體電路原理圖 按鍵掃描、串口通信、紅外通信及顯示電路圖3. 設(shè)計(jì)原理圖 用altium designer

2、 9設(shè)計(jì)原理圖 指導(dǎo)教師簽字： 年 月 日摘 要利用所學(xué)的模電，數(shù)電，51單片機(jī)的知識(shí)，用c語(yǔ)言實(shí)現(xiàn)兩塊單片機(jī)板子的通信，通過(guò)部分模塊集成如：最小系統(tǒng)，鍵盤(pán)設(shè)計(jì)，顯示設(shè)計(jì)，串口設(shè)計(jì)，紅外設(shè)計(jì)，軟件設(shè)計(jì)，延時(shí)子程序設(shè)計(jì)，鍵盤(pán)設(shè)計(jì)，顯示軟件設(shè)計(jì)，串口軟件設(shè)計(jì)，紅外軟件設(shè)計(jì)，實(shí)現(xiàn)串口和紅外的通信。關(guān)鍵詞：鍵盤(pán)顯示；串口通信；紅外通信目 錄1設(shè)計(jì)原理概述11.1設(shè)計(jì)背景11.2設(shè)計(jì)原理框圖12硬件的設(shè)計(jì)22.1最小系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)22.1.1最小系統(tǒng)的電路設(shè)計(jì)22.1.2單片機(jī)at89s51介紹22.2鍵盤(pán)的設(shè)計(jì)42.2.1鍵盤(pán)的電路設(shè)計(jì)42.2.2芯片mc74hc245an的介紹42.3顯示的設(shè)計(jì)52.3

3、.1顯示的電路設(shè)計(jì)52.3.2芯片mc74hc273n的介紹52.3.3 lc5011-11 led/7段及顯示介紹62.4紅外的設(shè)計(jì)62.4.1芯片mc74hc273n的介紹及參數(shù)63軟件的設(shè)計(jì)83.1程序的流程圖83.3.1單片機(jī)按鍵掃描及顯示程序概述和流程83.3.2單片機(jī)串口數(shù)據(jù)通信及顯示程序概述和流程93.3.3單片機(jī)紅外數(shù)據(jù)通信及顯示程序概述和流程93.2掃描及顯示的程序設(shè)計(jì)94小結(jié)165參考文獻(xiàn)176附錄181徐海學(xué)院08級(jí)單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告1設(shè)計(jì)原理概述1.1設(shè)計(jì)背景在許多基于單片機(jī)的應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)中，系統(tǒng)需要實(shí)現(xiàn)遙控功能，而紅外通信則是被采用較多的一種方法。紅外通信具有控制簡(jiǎn)單、實(shí)

4、施方便、傳輸可靠性高的特點(diǎn)，是一種較為常用的通信方式。 在許多基于單片機(jī)的應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)中，系統(tǒng)需要實(shí)現(xiàn)遙控功能，而紅外通信則是被采用較多的一種方法。紅外通信具有控制簡(jiǎn)單、實(shí)施方便、傳輸可靠性高的特點(diǎn)，是一種較為常用的通信方式。紅外線通信是一種廉價(jià)、近距離、無(wú)線、低功耗、保密性強(qiáng)的通訊方案，主要應(yīng)用于近距離的無(wú)線數(shù)據(jù)傳輸，也有用于近距離無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)接入。從早期的irda規(guī)范（115200bps）到askir（1.152mbps)，再到最新的fastir（4mbps），紅外線接口的速度不斷提高，使用紅外線接口和電腦通信的信息設(shè)備也越來(lái)越多。紅外線接口是使用有方向性的紅外線進(jìn)行通訊，由于它的波長(zhǎng)較短，對(duì)障礙

5、物的衍射能力差，所以只適合于短距離無(wú)線通訊的場(chǎng)合，進(jìn)行點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)的直線數(shù)據(jù)傳輸，因此在小型的移動(dòng)設(shè)備中獲得了廣泛的應(yīng)用。1.2設(shè)計(jì)原理框圖 原理設(shè)計(jì)圖 2硬件的設(shè)計(jì)2.1最小系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)2.1.1最小系統(tǒng)的電路設(shè)計(jì)2.1.2單片機(jī)at89s51介紹at89s51是一個(gè)低功耗，高性能cmos 8位單片機(jī)，片內(nèi)含4k bytes isp的可反復(fù)擦寫(xiě)1000次的flash只讀程序存儲(chǔ)器，器件采用atmel公司的高密度、非易失性存儲(chǔ)技術(shù)制造，兼容標(biāo)準(zhǔn)mcs-51指令系統(tǒng)及80c51引腳結(jié)構(gòu)，芯片內(nèi)集成了通用8位中央處理器和isp flash存儲(chǔ)單元，at89s51在眾多嵌入式控制應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)中得到廣泛應(yīng)用。at

6、s8951的管腳圖及主要性能參數(shù)：at89s51提供以下標(biāo)準(zhǔn)功能：4k字節(jié)閃速存儲(chǔ)器，128字節(jié)內(nèi)部ram，32個(gè)i/o口線，看門(mén)狗（wdt），兩個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)指針，兩個(gè)16位定時(shí)/計(jì)數(shù)器，一個(gè)5向量?jī)杉?jí)中斷結(jié)構(gòu)，一個(gè)全雙工串行通信口，片內(nèi)振蕩器及時(shí)鐘電路。同時(shí)，at89s51可降至0hz的靜態(tài)邏輯操作，并支持兩種軟件可選的節(jié)電工作模式?？臻e方式停止cpu的工作，但允許ram，定時(shí)/計(jì)數(shù)器，串行通信口及中斷系統(tǒng)繼續(xù)工作。掉電方式保存ram中到內(nèi)容，但振蕩器停止工作并禁止其它所有工作部件直到下一個(gè)硬件復(fù)位。與mcs-51產(chǎn)品指令系統(tǒng)完全兼容，4k字節(jié)在系統(tǒng)編程（isp）flash 閃速存儲(chǔ)器，1000次

7、擦寫(xiě)周期，4.0-5.5v的工作電壓范圍，全靜態(tài)工作模式：0hz-33mhz，三級(jí)程序加密鎖，128*8字節(jié)內(nèi)部ram、32個(gè)可編程i/o口線、2個(gè)16位定時(shí)/計(jì)數(shù)器、6個(gè)中斷源，全雙工串行uart通道，低功耗空閑和掉電模式，中斷可從空閑模式喚醒系統(tǒng)，看門(mén)狗（wdt）及雙數(shù)據(jù)指針，掉電標(biāo)示和快速編程特性，靈活的在系統(tǒng)編程（isp-字節(jié)或頁(yè)寫(xiě)模式）。2.2鍵盤(pán)的設(shè)計(jì)2.2.1鍵盤(pán)的電路設(shè)計(jì)2.2.2芯片mc74hc245an的介紹 總線驅(qū)動(dòng)器，典型的ttl型三態(tài)緩沖門(mén)電路。 由于單片機(jī)等cpu的數(shù)據(jù)地址控制總線端口都有一定的負(fù)載能力，如果負(fù)載超過(guò)其負(fù)載能力，一般應(yīng)加驅(qū)動(dòng)器。 另外，也可以使用74

8、hc244等其他電路，74hc244比74hc245多了鎖存器。芯片mc74hc245的管腳圖及功能：2.3顯示的設(shè)計(jì)2.3.1顯示的電路設(shè)計(jì)2.3.2芯片mc74hc273n的介紹mc74hc273是一款高速cmos器件，74hc273引腳兼容低功耗肖特ttl(lsttl)系列。mc74hc273具有八路邊沿觸發(fā)，d型觸發(fā)器，帶獨(dú)立的d輸入和q輸出，mc74hc273的公共時(shí)鐘（pc）和復(fù)位（mr）端可以同時(shí)讀取和復(fù)位（清零）所有觸發(fā)器。每一個(gè)d輸入的狀態(tài)將在時(shí)鐘脈沖上升沿之前的一段就緒時(shí)間內(nèi)被傳輸?shù)接|發(fā)器對(duì)應(yīng)的輸出（qn）上。一旦mr輸入電平為低，則所有輸出將被強(qiáng)制置為低，而不依賴于時(shí)鐘或

9、者數(shù)據(jù)輸入。mc74hc273適用于要求原碼輸出或者所有儲(chǔ)存元件共用時(shí)鐘和主復(fù)位的應(yīng)用。芯片mc74hc273的管腳圖及功能：2.3.3 lc5011-11 led/7段及顯示介紹（1） 數(shù)碼管內(nèi)部已將3端、8端連接在一起，所以使用時(shí)，3端接地，8端懸空。（2）限流電阻計(jì)算：數(shù)碼管的工作電壓為u（手冊(cè)數(shù)據(jù)），工作電流為i（手冊(cè)數(shù)據(jù)），譯碼器輸出的高電平uag，則限流電阻上的電壓應(yīng)該為uu，限流電阻阻值： r（uagu）i（3）高電平點(diǎn)亮數(shù)碼管，顯示數(shù)字0 9。2.4紅外的設(shè)計(jì)2.4.1芯片mc74hc273n的介紹及參數(shù)3軟件的設(shè)計(jì)3.1程序的流程圖3.3.1單片機(jī)按鍵掃描及顯示程序概述和流程

10、3.3.2單片機(jī)串口數(shù)據(jù)通信及顯示程序概述和流程3.3.3單片機(jī)紅外數(shù)據(jù)通信及顯示程序概述和流程3.2掃描及顯示的程序設(shè)計(jì)void delay(uchar x)uchar i;while(x-)for(i=0;i100;i+);void get_key(void) uchar temp; font_code=0x00; reg_code=0xfe;temp = key_addr & 0x0f; /僅需要低四位if(temp=0x0e)key_n=1;if(temp=0x0d)key_n=5;if(temp=0x0b)key_n=9;if(temp=0x07)key_n=13; font_cod

11、e=0x00; reg_code=0xfd;temp = key_addr & 0x0f; /僅需要低四位 if(temp=0x0e)key_n=2;if(temp=0x0d)key_n=6;if(temp=0x0b)key_n=10;if(temp=0x07)key_n=14; font_code=0x00; reg_code=0xfb;temp = key_addr & 0x0f; /僅需要低四位 if(temp=0x0e)key_n=3;if(temp=0x0d)key_n=7;if(temp=0x0b)key_n=11;if(temp=0x07)key_n=15; font_code=

12、0x00; reg_code=0xf7;temp = key_addr & 0x0f; /僅需要低四位 if(temp=0x0e)key_n=4;if(temp=0x0d)key_n=8;if(temp=0x0b)key_n=12;if(temp=0x07)key_n=16; void desplay() font_code=doflykey_n; reg_code=0x80; 3.3串口及顯示的程序設(shè)計(jì)3.3.1發(fā)送串口程序#include unsigned char code tab =0x3f,0x06,0x5b,0x4f,0x66,0x6d,0x7d,0x07,0x7f,0x6f, 0

13、x77,0x7c,0x39,0x5e,0x79,0x71;/0-f表格，用于查表是數(shù)碼管顯示0fsbit p32=p32;/p32位端口p3.2void send(unsigned char dat) sbuf=dat; while(ti=0) ; ti=0; void delay(void) unsigned char m,n; for(m=0;m200;m+) for(n=0;n250;n+) ; /延時(shí)程序void main(void) unsigned char i; tmod=0x20; scon=0x40;/串口模式1，接受禁止 pcon=0x00; /pcon=0000 0000

14、b，波特率9600 th1=0xfd; /515us定時(shí) tl1=0xfd; tr1=1; while(1) if(p32=0) delay();if(p32=0) delay();delay();delay();send(tabi); delay(); delay();i+;if(i=16)i=0; 3.3.2接收程序#include /包含單片機(jī)寄存器的頭文件#include#define font_code xbyte0xefff /數(shù)碼管顯示字符碼寫(xiě)地址#define reg_code xbyte0xdfff /字位碼寫(xiě)地址 unsigned char receive(void) un

15、signed char dat; while(ri=0) ; ri=0; dat=sbuf; /dat中數(shù)據(jù)為接收（發(fā)送）寄存器（sbuf）中數(shù)據(jù) return dat;void main(void) tmod=0x20;/定時(shí)器1工作方式二（為串口提供波特率發(fā)生器），8位工作方式 scon=0x50; /可尋址的專(zhuān)用寄存器用于串行數(shù)據(jù)的通信控制，工作方式一，波特率9600bit/s,允許接收ti=1 pcon=0x00; /pcon=0000 0000b，波特率9600 th1=0xfd; tl1=0xfd; /515us tr1=1; / 定時(shí)器控制寄存器tcon中t1運(yùn)行控制位置1 re

16、n=1; /scon中的允許接受位，置1允許接收 while(1) font_code=receive(); reg_code=0x80; 3.4紅外的軟件設(shè)計(jì)3.4.1紅外發(fā)送程序#include unsigned char code tab =0x3f,0x06,0x5b,0x4f,0x66,0x6d,0x7d,0x07,0x7f,0x6f, 0x77,0x7c,0x39,0x5e,0x79,0x71;/0-f表格，用于查表是數(shù)碼管顯示0fsbit p32=p32;/p32位端口p3.2void send(unsigned char dat) sbuf=dat; while(ti=0) ;

17、 ti=0;/*/ / / /示波器顯示周期為28us，頻率為35.7khz /無(wú)法達(dá)到所需要的38khz的載波頻率。 /*/#include sbit p11=p17; void carry(void) tmod=0x01; th0=0xff; tl0=0xfb; tr0=1; tf0=0;p11=0xff; while(1) while(tf0=0) ; tf0=0; p11=p11; th0=0xff; tl0=0xfb; void delay(void) unsigned char m,n; for(m=0;m200;m+) for(n=0;n250;n+) ; /延時(shí)程序void m

18、ain(void) unsigned char i; tmod=0x20; scon=0x40;/串口模式1，接受禁止 pcon=0x00; /pcon=0000 0000b，波特率9600 th1=0xfd; /515us定時(shí) tl1=0xfd; tr1=1; while(1) if(p32=0) delay();if(p32=0) delay();delay();delay();send(tabi); delay(); delay();i+;if(i=16)i=0; 4小結(jié)這次課程試驗(yàn)，總體下來(lái)感覺(jué)不錯(cuò)。在郭老師的幫助下，我成功地實(shí)現(xiàn)了串口通信、紅外通信以及鍵盤(pán)掃描、顯示。本次實(shí)驗(yàn)中，我發(fā)

19、現(xiàn)了在我們對(duì)于51單片機(jī)開(kāi)發(fā)板的熟悉前提下，目標(biāo)功能程序是關(guān)鍵。只有熟悉編程，才能成功實(shí)現(xiàn)功能。最后，感謝老師給予我的指導(dǎo)，感謝學(xué)校實(shí)驗(yàn)室給予我的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境，謝謝！5參考文獻(xiàn)1雷道仲. 單片機(jī)典型系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)例精講.北京. 電子工業(yè)出版社，20062 常喜茂. c51基礎(chǔ)與應(yīng)用實(shí)例.北京.電子工業(yè)出版社，20093 曹?chē)?guó)清. 數(shù)字電路與邏輯設(shè)計(jì). 徐州：中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)，19984 康華光. 電子技術(shù)基礎(chǔ). 武漢：高等教育出版社，20066附錄g an employment tribunal claimemployment tribunals sort out disagreements betwee

20、n employers and employees.you may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: you dont agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly.for more information about dismissal and unfair dismiss

21、al, seedismissal.you can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haventappealedagainst the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. however, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal.remember that i

22、n most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are complaining about happened. if your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept it.if you are worried about how the time limits apply to

23、you, take advice from one of the organisations listed underfurther help.employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation.most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging.

24、if you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listed underfurther help.if you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensa

25、tion if you win the case. this is known as adamages-based agreement. in england and wales, your solicitor cant charge you more than 35% of your compensation if you win the case.if you are thinking about signing up for a damages-based agreement, you should make sure youre clear about the terms of the

26、 agreement. it might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a citizens advice bureau. to find your nearest cab, including those that give advice by e-mail, click onnearest cab.for more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, seeemployment tribunals.the

27、 (lack of) air up there watch mcayman islands-based webb, the head of fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in london for the football associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend citys premier league match at chelsea on sunday.i am going to be at the match tomorrow and i have asked to meet

28、 yaya toure, he told bbc sport.for me its about how he felt and i would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against cskafor the racist behaviour of their fans duringcitys 2-1 win.michel platini, president of european footballs govern

29、ing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.cska said they were surprised and disappointed by toures complaint. in a statement the russian side added: we found no racist insults from fans of cska.age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. may be guilty in

30、 his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; may be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. twent

31、y years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字開(kāi)頭的年齡已經(jīng)到了尾聲?；蛟S是愧疚于自己似乎把轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的很多個(gè)不同的日子過(guò)成了同一天的樣子；或許是追溯過(guò)去，對(duì)自己那些近乎偏執(zhí)的怪異信念的醒悟，這些天以來(lái)，思緒一直很凌亂，在腦海中不斷糾纏。總覺(jué)得自己自己似乎應(yīng)該去做點(diǎn)什么，或者寫(xiě)點(diǎn)什么。二十年的人生軌跡深深淺淺，突然就感覺(jué)到有些事情，非做不可了。the end of our life, and can meet many things really do?而窮盡我們的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真

32、正地非做不可？during my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for new year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional; junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, hi

33、s writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isnt really grow up, it seems is not so important; then in high school, think dont want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the th

34、roat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already cant remember his appearance.童年時(shí)，覺(jué)得壓歲錢(qián)和新衣服是過(guò)年必備，但是隨著年齡的推進(jìn)，會(huì)越來(lái)越發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些東西根本就可有可無(wú)；初中時(shí)，以為要有一場(chǎng)暗戀才意味著真正的成長(zhǎng)，但三年過(guò)去后，自己心平氣和的寫(xiě)同學(xué)錄的時(shí)候，突然就發(fā)現(xiàn)是不是真正的成長(zhǎng)了，好像并沒(méi)有那么重要了；然后到了高中，覺(jué)得非要吐露出自己

35、的心聲才能為高中生涯里的懵懂情愫劃上一個(gè)句點(diǎn)，但畢業(yè)晚會(huì)的時(shí)候最終還是被梗塞在了咽喉，后來(lái)再次站在他曾經(jīng)揮汗如雨的球場(chǎng)，看著他投過(guò)籃球的球框時(shí)，突然間發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)想不起他的容顏。originally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to resolutely, have to do, and time.原來(lái)，這個(gè)世界上，對(duì)某個(gè)事件能產(chǎn)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)的，除了非做不可的堅(jiān)決，還有，時(shí)間。a persons time, your ideas are always special to clear.

36、 want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. those who do, just g

37、reen years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一個(gè)人的時(shí)候，自己的想法總是特別地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明確，好像沒(méi)有什么可以撼動(dòng)自己。也曾經(jīng)好像已經(jīng)下定了決心去做某件事，但更多的時(shí)候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌惡過(guò)自己的怯懦，最終卻發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多緣分，有很多錯(cuò)過(guò)，好像冥冥之中真的已經(jīng)注定。那些曾經(jīng)所謂的非做不可，只是青蔥年華里自己給自己注射的一支強(qiáng)心劑，或者說(shuō)，是自以為是的精神寄托罷了。at the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fre

38、sh factor after just rained. suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; those were broken into various shapes of stationery; from the corner at the beginning of deep friendship; have declared the end of the encounter that havent start planning. those years, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end

39、 in our life.此刻，天空是陰暗的，空氣里有著剛下過(guò)雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件藍(lán)格子襯衫；那些被折成各種各樣形狀的信紙；那段從街角深巷伊始的友誼；還有那場(chǎng)還沒(méi)有開(kāi)始就宣告了終結(jié)的邂逅計(jì)劃那些年那些天的非做不可，終于和青春一樣，都將在我們的人生中謝幕。baumgartner the disappointing news: mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less tha

40、n 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. the balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. it will climb higher than the tip of mount everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting e

41、ven higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. as he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.the supersonic descent could happen as early as sunda.the weathethe balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,