完整版賓語從句詳解及專項練習(xí)

1、定義在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句.賓語從句分為三類 :動詞的賓語從句 , 介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句 .時態(tài)：1. 主句用一般現(xiàn)在時，從句可用任意時態(tài)。2. 主句用過去時，從句用過去某個時態(tài)。3. 主句用過去時，從句是真理時，只用一般現(xiàn)在時。一、賓語從句的連接詞從屬連詞 連接賓語從句的從屬連詞主要有 that,if,whether.that 引導(dǎo)表示陳述句的賓語從句 ,而 if 和 whether 引導(dǎo)表示 “是否 ”的賓語從句 .He told me that he would go to the college the next year 他告訴我他下一年上大學(xué) .I don

2、 t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否還會有公交車 .Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 沒人知道他是否會通過考試 .連接代詞連接 代詞 主要有 who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever 等 .連接代詞一般指疑問 ,但 what, whatever 除了指疑問外 ,也可以指陳述 .Do you know who has won Red Alert game? 你知道誰贏了這一局紅警游戲

3、嗎 ?I don t know whom you should depend on. 我不知道你該依靠誰 .The book will show you what the best CEOs know. 這本書會告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解些什么 .Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? 你決定好是買諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話了嗎 ?連接副詞 連接副詞主要有 when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however 等 .He didn t tell m

4、e when we should meet again. 他沒有告訴我什么時候我們能再見面 .Could you please tell me how you read the new panel? 你能告訴我怎么用這個新的操作盤嗎 ?None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 沒有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪里買到 .、動詞的賓語從句大多數(shù)動詞都可以帶賓語從句We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger. 我們都預(yù)料他們會贏 ,因

5、為他們的隊員更強壯 .He told us that they would help us though the whole work. 他告訴我們在整個工作中,他都會幫忙的 .部分 “動詞+副詞 ”結(jié)構(gòu)也可以帶賓語從句I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)這場音樂會的所有票都賣光了 .Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip? 你能計算出這次旅行我們將花費多少錢嗎 ? 動詞短語也可以帶賓語從句 常見的這些詞有

6、 :make sure 確保 make up one s m 下決心 keep in mi nd 牢記Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in. 在上交試卷前確保沒有任何錯誤 .可運用形式賓語 it 代替的賓語從句it 做形式賓語 動詞 find,feel,consider,make,believe 等后面有賓語補足語的時候,則需要用而將 that 賓語從句后置 .I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every d

7、ay . 我認(rèn)為每天多喝開水是有必要的 .I feel it a pity that I haven t -btoegeenthtoerth.e get我沒去聚會 ,感覺非常遺憾 .I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天寫日記成了習(xí)慣 .We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater. 我們都認(rèn)為對這件事馬上做出決定很重要 . 有些動詞帶賓語從句時尋要在賓語與從句前加it這類動詞主要有 :hate, take , owe, ha

8、ve, see to.I hate it when they with their mouths full of food. 我討厭他們滿嘴食物時說話 .He will have it that our plan is really practical. 他會認(rèn)為我們的計劃確實可行 .We take it that you will agree with us. 我們認(rèn)為你會同意我們的 .When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral. 開啟發(fā)動機時 , 一定要使汽車的離合器處于空擋位置 . 若賓語從句是

9、 wh-類，則不可用it代替We all consider what you said to be unbelievable. 我們都認(rèn)為你所說的是不可信的 .We discovered what we had learned to be valuable. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們所學(xué)到的東西都是有用的 .三、介詞的賓語從句用 wh- 類的介詞賓語從句We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂部 .The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned s

10、paceship was sent up into space. 這本新書是關(guān)于神州 6 號載人航天飛船是如何升如太空的 .用 that,if 引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語從句 有時候 except,but,besides 三個介詞后可見到 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company. 對于我的新鄰居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一無所知 .四、形容詞的賓語從句常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句的形容詞有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,a

11、fraid,satisfied,surprisedI am sure I will pass the exam. 我確信我會通過考試 .I am sorry that I have troubled you so long. 很抱歉我這么長時間在打擾你 .He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill. 他很高興在他生病的時候李明能去看望他 .五、if,whether 在賓語從句中的區(qū)別 if 和 whether 在作 “是否 ”解時 ,引導(dǎo)賓語從句常放在動詞know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后 ,介詞

12、后一般不用 if 少數(shù)動詞 ,如 :leave,put,discuss,doubt 后的賓語從句常用 whether. whether 后可以加 or not, 但是 if 不可以 . 在不定式前只能用 whether.（如：I can t decide whether to sta我不能決定是否留下。） 避免歧異時 ,我們常用 whether 而不用 if.六、哪些賓語從句不可以省略引導(dǎo)詞 that當(dāng) that 作 learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold 等動詞的賓語時 ; 當(dāng)賓語從句較長時 ;當(dāng)主語狀語置于

13、主句尾 ,賓語從句之前時 ; 當(dāng)主語謂語動詞 （包括非謂語動詞 ）與賓語從句之間有插入語時;當(dāng)一個動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時，此時第一個that可以省略，第二個that不可以省略 ;當(dāng)賓語從句中的主語是 this，that 或 this，that 做主語的定語時 ; 當(dāng)賓語從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時 ;當(dāng)賓語從句的主語是非謂語動詞或主語從句時 ; 當(dāng)主語中的謂語動詞是固定詞組時 ;當(dāng)賓語從句有 it 做其先行詞時 ; 在直接引語中 ,轉(zhuǎn)述分句把賓語從句隔開時七、賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移主句的謂語動詞是 think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,

14、fancy,guess 等 ,并且主句的 主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時,從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來,其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致 .I don t think he will come to my part而不能說成 I think he won t come to my party.我認(rèn)為他不會來我的舞會 .I don t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?我認(rèn)為那個人不是 Jim 所殺的 ,是不是 ? 如果賓語從句中有某個含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞,其反義疑問句要用肯定形式.We find that he never listens

15、to the teacher carefully,does he? 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他從來不仔細(xì)聽老師講課,是不是 ?八、賓語從句的時態(tài)和語序當(dāng)主句為現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r,賓語從句的時態(tài)一般不受主句的時態(tài)所影響.當(dāng)主句為過去時 從句用一般過去時或過去進(jìn)行時表示與主句謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn t know what country he was in.我只知道他當(dāng)時在西方的一個國家讀書,可不知道是哪個國家 .He asked me if I was reading the story The Ol

16、d Man and the Sea when he was in. 他問我他進(jìn)來的時候我是否正在讀. 從句過去完成時表示該動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already. 他告訴我他已經(jīng)把有關(guān)會議的事情告訴的了 Mary. 從句謂語用過去將來時表示該動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之后The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do. 記者問政府是否會采取必要的措施鎮(zhèn)壓騷亂 .如果從

17、句是一個客觀真理,那么從句的時態(tài)不根據(jù)主句的時態(tài)而變化The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday. 老師昨天說月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn) .當(dāng)賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是 who,which,what,when,where,how,why 等表疑問時 ,不能按正常語序 安排 ,經(jīng)常將這類引導(dǎo)詞置于句首Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year? 你認(rèn)為今年公眾會選誰為他們最喜歡的歌手 . 編輯本段 賓語從句（版本二） 學(xué)習(xí)賓語從

18、句要抓住三要素：連接詞、語序和時態(tài)。1. 連接詞連接詞一般都是that（指事務(wù)或人）,which （指事）,who （指人）1 從句為陳述句，常選擇連接詞that或?qū)hat省略，直接與主句相連。2 從句為一般疑問句，常選擇連接詞if或whethero在whetheror no結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用if替換。3從句為特殊疑問句，常選擇what,when,where,which,who,how 等的疑問代、副詞作連接?詞。注意：當(dāng)who為主語時，句式為：who+謂語+其他2. 判斷時態(tài)情況：1主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句為各種時態(tài)情況。2主句是一般過去時，從句為各種相應(yīng)過去時態(tài)注意：從句描繪客觀事實，用一般現(xiàn)在

19、時。eg:1. The teacher told the childre n that the sun round.A. was B. is C. were D. are2. I believe that our team the basketball match.A. win B. won C. will win D. wins3. I don t know to visit the old man.A. whether B. if C. that D. who4. The soldiers soon reached( )was once an old temple( )the villag

20、ers used as a school. A.which;where B.what;which C.where;which D.what;where答：選 B ，動詞 reach 后接賓語從句，從句缺少賓語， where 不可， which 引導(dǎo)賓語從句時 表疑問含義 哪一個”而此句中并非疑問含義，不知道哪一座廟宇，而是用what從句表陳述含義， 意“過去的一座舊廟宇 ”；temple 后為對其修飾的定語從句， 用關(guān)系代詞 which 代替， 并在從句中作動詞 used的賓語，use sth. as 把用作 編輯本段 賓語從句(版本三)賓語從句，在復(fù)合句中作賓語，位于及物動詞后。eg.Tel

21、l him which class you are in Do you know what he likes ？注：(1)主、從句時態(tài)一致：主句謂語過去時，從句相應(yīng)過去時；He answered that he was listening to me.主句謂語現(xiàn)在時，從句時態(tài)任所需；eg. He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk.They know (that) he is working hard.具體過去永不變，真理格言現(xiàn)在時；eg. He told me that he was born in 1980.Father told

22、me that practice makes perfect .2) 否定前移，及完成反意問句在 think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect 等動詞后跟賓語從句否定式時，應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)移 到主句上去，完成反意問句時，應(yīng)與從句主、謂保持一致。 （注 : 否定前移的條件是，主句 主語是第一人稱）eg I dont think you are right ,are you ?I dont believe they have finished their work yet,have they3）運用虛擬語氣的情況建議 suggest , advise

23、要求 demand 、desire、require、 request、 propose； 決定 decide;命令 order、 command;堅決主張 insist;等動詞后跟賓語從句，用（ should）+v （虛擬語氣） eg I suggested that you（ should） study hardHe ordered that we should go out at once 4）賓語從句后置情況如果賓語從句后有賓語補語，用 it 作形式賓語，把賓語從句后置 eg You may think it strange that he would live there （5）賓從中

24、 that 不可省略的情況賓語從句 that ?？墒÷?，但在以下情況下不能省略A 當(dāng)主句謂語動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時，可以省略第一個that，其他不能省略。eg. I believe （that）you have done your best and that things will get better .B 當(dāng) it 作形式賓語時eg. She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him .C .當(dāng)賓語從句前置時eg. That our team will win ， I believe . 編輯本段 賓語從句（版本四）一、定

25、義和賓從例句分析賓語從句就是一個句子作動詞或介詞的賓語。A 作動詞的賓語 :I heard the news.主語 謂語動詞 名詞作賓語I heard that he would come here later on.主語 謂語動詞 一個句子作賓語 -賓語從句B 作介詞的賓語 :He said nothing about the plan.主語 謂語動詞 代詞作動詞的賓語介詞 名詞作介詞的賓語He said nothing about who broke the window last night.主語 謂語動詞 代詞作動詞的賓語介詞 一個句子作介詞的賓語二、帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句的構(gòu)成帶有賓語

26、從句的復(fù)合句就是用連接詞把一個主句和一個賓語從句連接在一起。連接詞有：that(可省略), what, who, when, where, why, which, if, whether, how.1 He suggested (that) we should clean the corridor every day.賓語2 He told me (that) he would leave Dalian airport at 8pm.間接賓語 直接賓語3 He told me where he was going to travel that summer.間接賓語 直接賓語4 He want

27、ed to know what the manager had said at the meeting.who hadn t passed the exam.when she would leave this building.why she cried last night.where she was going to study.which student was his partner in the short play.if (whether) Tom could play basketball with him that morning.how she managed to solv

28、e the problem.why water flows from a high position to a lower position.在例子 4 中，當(dāng)主句是過去時態(tài)時 (一般過去時， 過去進(jìn)行時， 過去將來時， 過去完成時) ， 從句根據(jù)不同情況必須使用過去時態(tài)的一種， (大自然的現(xiàn)象和真理除外) 。5 He is wanting to know what I can cook for dinner.who broke the window yesterday.when I can have a holiday.why I failed the exam yesterday.wher

29、e I should have dinner with my friend tonight.which book is the best one.if (whether) I have passed the exam.how my cat escaped from the room last night.在例子 5 中，當(dāng)主語是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時 (一般現(xiàn)在時， 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時， 一般將來時， 現(xiàn)在完成時) ， 從句可根據(jù)不同情況使用各種時態(tài)。A 賓語從句必須用陳述語序。False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.Right:

30、He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.B 有時候可以用 it 作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語從句放在后面。Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible. Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours. Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my j

31、udgment.Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project. C 帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。Bad: I think he doesn t like theh Etenagclhiser. Good: I don t think he likes the English teacher.D 主句一般過去時態(tài)，從句也要用過去時態(tài)；具體細(xì)節(jié)請看第一部分。False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.Right: H

32、e wanted to know why he was crying in the corner. unit7 topic21. Would you mind if.?/Would you mind + （形代） +Ving?回答 :Of course not./No,not at all./Yes,youdd better not.2. He runs less fast tha n me./He does nt run fast as me. prefer .to.like.betterlike.best Cars cost 100 times as much as bikes.I run

33、 3 times as fast as you./I run 3 times faster then you.（ 倍數(shù)+比較級+.） 越來越 . The more you eat,the fatter you are.越來越瘦 thinner and thinner 越來越漂亮 more and more beautiful He runs faster the n me./He runs fastest of all/so then any other students賓語從句專項練習(xí)、將下面的句子連接成為含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句。1These flowers are from Guangdon

34、g. He said. He said these flowers from Guangdong.2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me. My teacher told me light faster than sound.3There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know.Jack didn t know there a meeting in five days.4 Can they speak French? I want to know.I want to k

35、now French.5 Are the children playing games? Tell me.Tell me the children games.6Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang _ homework yet.7How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?Who knows in the picture?8 Where did she park her car? Do you know

36、?Do you know her car?9 What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.The girl wondered often about.t know.10 Who knocked at the door so loudly? I dont knI don t know at the door so loudly.11. Does he still live in that street? I dont know.I dont know he still in that street.12. Whats his name? I

37、asked him.I asked him what .13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.Please tell me .14. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys.He asked the boys they fried chicken.15. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know.I dont know the watch made in Shanghai.( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said .

38、A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was itC. the weather is fineD. summer comes after spring( ) 2. Tom asked my friend .A. where was he fromB. that the earth is bigger than the moonC. when did he come back D. not to be so angry( ) 3. Let me tell you .A. how much is the carB. how much doe

39、s the car costC. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car ( ) 4. Peter knew .A. whether he has finished reading the bookB. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris ( )5. Could you tell me ?A. where do you liveB. who you

40、 are waiting forC. who were you waiting forD. where you live in( )6. I cant understand the boy alone.A. why she left B. why did she leaveC. why she had leftD. why had she left( )7. She told me the sun in the east.A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen( )8.I dont know up so early last Sunday.A. why di

41、d he get B.why he gets C.why does he get D. why he got( )9. The manager came up to see .A. what was the matterB. what the matter wasC. what the matter isD. whats the matter( )10. He asked his father .A. where it happensB. where did it happenC. how it happenedD. how did it happen( )11. No one tells u

42、s, so we need your help.A. how we should do B. what should we doC. how to do it D. what to do it( )12. Could you please teach me the computer.A. how check B. to check C. how to check D. to how checking( )13.They dont know their parents are.A that B what C why D which()14. Where do you thi nk _hethe

43、TV set?Sorry, Ive no idea.A./, boughtB. has, boughtC. did, buyD. did bought( ) 15. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell it would be likein five years.A. how, anotherB. what, moreC. how ,otherD. what, another( )16. Could you tell me ? Yes. He to the USA.A. where is he/ has beenB. where he is/

44、 has goneC. where was he/ has beenD. where he was/ has gone( )17. Mike wants to know if a picnic tomorrow.Yes. But if it , well visit the museum instead.A. you have/ will rainB. you will have/ will rainC. you will have/ rainsD. will you have/ rains( )18. I really dont know if she it when she .A. fin

45、ds/ arrivesB. finds/ will arriveC. will find/ will arriveD. will find/ arrives( )19.Miss Liu said she would leave the message on the headmaster ”sdesk.A. that B. where C. which D. what( )20. He asked me .A. who will kick the first goal in the World CupB. when was the APEC meeting heldC. when China b

46、ecame a member of the WTOD. where the 2008 Olympics will be held( )21. In the bookshop , a reader asked the shopkeeper Who Moved MyCheese was an interesting book.A. that B. how C. what D. if( )22. You must remember .A. what your teacher said B. what did your teacher sayC. your teacher said what D. w

47、hat has your teacher said ( )23 . I don ”t know .A. which room I can liveB. which room can I liveC. which room I can live in D. which room can I live in ( )24. Do you know when he back ? Sorry , I don ”t . When he back , I”ll tell you .A. comes ; comes B. comes ; will comeC. will come ; comes D. wil

48、l come ; will come( )25 The girls asked if they some food and drink with them.A. took B. take C. takes D. will take( )26 Mary said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never goneC. has never been D. had never been( )27 The students want to know whether they_ a PE class today.A. had B. ha

49、s C. will have D. are( )28. Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty?A. who B. what C. when D. that( )29.I dont know _ they have passed the exam.A. what B. if C. when D. where( )30. Do you know they listened to yesterday evening?A. what B when C why D how三、用合適的連接詞填空。1. Jim told me he didnt go fishing y

50、esterday afternoon.( how, why )2. Do you know else is going to be on duty today ？( who, whom )3. She said it wouldnt matter much.( that, if)4. He always thinks he can do better.( how, who )5. I really dont know the bridge will be finished.( how long, how soon)6. They dont know to go or wait. (if, wh

51、ether)7. We are talking about we ll go back tomorrow. (whether, if)8. I was really surprised at I saw. (where, what)9. I dont know so many people are looking at him. (how, why)10. Do you know you are studying for? (why, what)四、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1. “Do you want to try it ?” Toms mother asked him. (同義句)Toms mother

52、 asked him to try it.2. I thi nk this is a good idea.(改為否定句)宀I this a good idea.3. Lucy has nt decided which trousers to buy.(改為復(fù)合句)宀Lucy hasnt decided buy.4. I dont know how I can get to the hospital.(改為簡單句)宀I dont know to the hospital.5. I don t suppose they will come, ? (改為反意疑問句 )五、用所給動詞的正確形式填空。1

53、. We are sure that he (go) to school tomorrow.2. Do you know who (be) the first man to walk on the moon?3. Could you tell me where the post office (is)?4. Our father said that he (w i l l ) buy a new computer.5. I hear that he (swim) in the sea yesterday.6. The little boy tells us where his father (

54、work).7. He said that he (finish) his work already.8. They thought they could ( h i ke ) to the top of the mountain.9. He was glad that so many people (help) him.10. She doesn t know whether(go) or wait.1. These wild flowers are so special I would doI can to save them.A. whatever B. that C. which D.

55、 whichever2. A computer can only doyou have in structed it to do.A. how B. after C. what D. whe n3. I read about it in some book or other, does it matterit was?A. where B . what C . how D . which4. I think it s going to be a big problem. Yes, it could be.I won der we can do about it.A. if B. how C. what D. that5. This depe nds onthe weather is fine.A. which B. whether C. ifD. that6. Could I speak tois in charge of Intern ati onal Sales please?A. who B. whatC whoever D. whatever7. Pare nts are taught to un dersta ndimporta nt educatio n is to theirchildren s future.A. tha