高二英語新課標選修6 Unit 1 Art 虛擬語氣

1、Subjunctive Mood虛擬語氣虛擬語氣條件條件從句從句If 從句的謂語形從句的謂語形式式主句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在過去過去未來未來過去式過去式 (were)had donewould/could/should/might +V (原原)would/could/should/might +have done1.過去式過去式2. should+ V.(原原)3. were to dowould/could/should/might +V. (原原)一一. 虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法。虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法。 如果現(xiàn)在不下雨的話，我們就出去野餐了。如果現(xiàn)在不下雨的話，

2、我們就出去野餐了。 If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果他來這，他就能夠幫助你了。如果他來這，他就能夠幫助你了。If he came here, he might be able to help you. 要是當初她被邀請的話，她就會去參要是當初她被邀請的話，她就會去參加這次聚會了。加這次聚會了。 She would have gone to the party if she had been invited. 今天早上，她要是不叫我的話，我就今天早上，她要是不叫我的話，我就會睡過頭了。會睡過頭了。 If she hadnt

3、called me, I would have overslept this morning. 明年我要是二十歲，我就會學法語。明年我要是二十歲，我就會學法語。 If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of French. 要是失敗了，我會再試一次。要是失敗了，我會再試一次。If it should fail, I would try again.1.如果你早來5分鐘，你就趕上這趟車了。If you _ here five minutes earlier，you _ the bus .2.如果我現(xiàn)在

4、不忙，我就來幫你了。If I _ not busy, I _ you now.3.如果明天下雪了，我們怎么辦？What _ we do if it _tomorrow?had gotwerewould helpshould were to snowWould have caughtIf I _busy last night, I _ to see the film with you .had not beenwould have goneIf he more carefully, he the car accident yesterday. would not have had had dri

5、ven If I _(know) your telephone number, I _ (telephone) you yesterday.had knownwould have telephoned二二. 虛擬語氣特殊句型虛擬語氣特殊句型:1. wish 的賓語的賓語從句從句現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在: 過去時（過去時（were）過去過去: 過去完成時過去完成時(had done)未來未來: would/could/might +V.(原原) should我現(xiàn)在要是年輕十歲就好了。I wish I were ten years younger now.我昨天要是遇見他就好了。I wish I had met

6、him yesterday.我希望成為一名科學家。I wish I would be a scientist.2. would rather that現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在:過去過去:未來未來: I would rather you paid me now. I would rather I hadnt come yesterday. I would rather you came tomorrow.過去時過去時過去時過去時過去完成時過去完成時3. as if /though + 從句從句 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在：過去過去：過去時過去時過去完成時過去完成時 She loves the baby as if it were

7、 her own son. I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday. 他們就像多年的朋友一樣交談。他們就像多年的朋友一樣交談。They talked as if they had been friends for years. 他看上去像是醉了。他看上去像是醉了。He looks as if he were drunk.她看起來似乎是冰做的她看起來似乎是冰做的she looked as if she were made of ice.4. Its (about/high) time +that過去時過去時(were)

8、Should(不省不省) +V.你該走了。你該走了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.我們該去我們該去睡覺了。睡覺了。Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 5. 表示要求表示要求,命令命令,建議的虛擬語氣。建議的虛擬語氣。使用使用should + 動詞原形動詞原形, 或者將或者將should省略。省略。常見動詞常見動詞: 一個堅持一個堅持, 兩個命令兩

9、個命令, 三個建議三個建議, 四個要求。即四個要求。即1). insist 2). order, command 3). advise, suggest, propose4). demand, require, request, askI suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.He insisted that he (should) be sent there.注意注意: 如如suggest, insist不表示不表示“建議建議” 或或“堅持要某人做某事時堅持要某人做某事時”, 即它們用于其即它們用于其本意本意“暗示、表明暗示、表明

10、”、“堅持認為堅持認為”時時,賓賓語從句用陳述語氣。語從句用陳述語氣。1. The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules.2. He insisted that she _ (be)seriously ill and that _ (send) to hospital at once.obeywasbe sent3. He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once.4. His pale face suggested that he _ (be) ill.havewas以

11、上動詞相應的名詞構成的名詞性從句以上動詞相應的名詞構成的名詞性從句包括主語從句包括主語從句, 表語從句和同位語也要表語從句和同位語也要使用虛擬語氣使用虛擬語氣, 從句中的動詞形式為從句中的動詞形式為(should）+動詞原形動詞原形order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request 6. Its necessary/strange/natural/ important/pity/no wonder/impossible + that 從句，從句，從句中的動詞要用虛擬從句中的動詞要用虛擬, 即即(should)+動詞原形動詞原形我們掌握一門外

12、語是非常重要的。我們掌握一門外語是非常重要的。It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.很奇怪她竟然拒絕來參加聚會。很奇怪她竟然拒絕來參加聚會。 It is strange that she refuse to come to the party. 我們有必要努力學習Its necessary that we should study hard.7. 虛擬語氣用于虛擬語氣用于If only 引導的感嘆句引導的感嘆句中中, “要是要是就好了就好了”If only I were a flying bird!= How

13、I wish I were a flying bird!要是我看過那部電影就好了！要是我看過那部電影就好了！If only I had seen the film!=How I wish I had seen the film!8.在含有在含有If it were not for或或If it had not been for 條件句的虛擬語條件句的虛擬語氣中。氣中。 If it were not for the rain , the crops would die.要不是你的幫助，我們就不可能提前完成任務要不是你的幫助，我們就不可能提前完成任務If it had not been for y

14、our help , we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.= But for your help= Without your help= Had it not been for your help, 9. 混合型的條件句混合型的條件句當條件從句與主句所表的時間不一當條件從句與主句所表的時間不一 致時，虛擬語氣的形式應作相應的調致時，虛擬語氣的形式應作相應的調整。整。主句和從句的謂語動詞并不相互主句和從句的謂語動詞并不相互呼應，這種條件句叫混合條件句呼應，這種條件句叫混合條件句。較。較多見的混合型條件句是多見的混合型條件句是從句用過去完

15、從句用過去完成時（指過去行為），而主句用一般成時（指過去行為），而主句用一般時（指目前狀態(tài)）。時（指目前狀態(tài)）。如果他聽了我的勸告，他現(xiàn)在會通過考試。如果他聽了我的勸告，他現(xiàn)在會通過考試。He would pass the test if he had taken my advice 假如昨天我對他說了，現(xiàn)在我就知道該怎假如昨天我對他說了，現(xiàn)在我就知道該怎么辦了。么辦了。 If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now. 假如我是你，我當時就不會打破那杯子。假如我是你，我當時就不會打破那杯子。 If I were y

16、ou , I would not have broken the glass. 10.連詞if的省略如果虛擬條件句的謂語部分有were，had和should時，可省略if，把were，had和should放到從句主語前面去，多見于書面語。要是沒有你的幫助，我就失敗了。Had you not helped me， I should have failed. 假如你處在我的地位，你也會這樣干的。Were you in my position, you would do the same. 假如他們進攻我們，我們就把他們徹底消滅干凈。 Should they attack us, well wipe

17、 them out completely. 1._he come, the problem would be settled.A would . B should . C shall . D if . 2. _, man could not live at all . A were it not for the sun . B if it was for the sun . C had it not been for the sun. D if it shouldnt be for the sun. 3. _. Everything would have been all right. A h

18、ad he been here . B here he had been . C been here he had . D had he been here .4._fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off .A would you be . B should you be . C could you be . D might you be .錯綜時間條件句。即假設條件從句謂語動詞發(fā)錯綜時間條件句。即假設條件從句謂語動詞發(fā)生的時間與主句所假設的謂語動詞不一致。主生的時間與主句所假設的謂語

19、動詞不一致。主句和從句的謂語動詞要根據(jù)各自的時間而定。句和從句的謂語動詞要根據(jù)各自的時間而定。* 近幾年各類考試中常見的試題類型：近幾年各類考試中常見的試題類型： If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955, the housing problems now in some parts of this country_ so serious. A. wouldnt be B. will not have been C. wouldnt have been D. would have not been如果你采

20、納了我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就會好得多。 If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.如果你之前努力學習了，你現(xiàn)在就是一名大學生，四年后就會大學畢業(yè)了。 If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now, and you would graduate from a college in four years time. 假設條件虛擬倒裝。假設條件虛擬倒裝。 條件從句中有條件從句中有should， were， had三個助動詞三個助動詞, 可以把可以把 i

21、f 省略，并將這省略，并將這三個詞提至句首。三個詞提至句首。If I had time, I would come. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.Had I time, I would come.Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 含蓄虛擬條件句。句中有含蓄虛擬條件句。句中有without, or, otherwise , but for等詞隱含某種假設。等詞隱含某種假設。I lost your address, otherwise Iyou long before.A. had visited B. have visited C. would have visited D. should