高中語法定語從句的詳細(xì)講解

1、.定語從句詳解與練習(xí)（一）定義及相關(guān)術(shù)語1定語從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。2先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。3關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that,which,who,whom,whose,as關(guān)系副詞有when,where,why.注意：關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)不同的句子成分，定語從句中缺主、賓、表，用關(guān)系代詞；缺狀語用關(guān)系副詞，何為句子成分？五大基本句1. 主 + 謂（Vi） I come.2. 主 + 謂（Vt）+ 賓 I love you.3. 主 + 謂（Vt）+ 間賓 +

2、 直賓 I give him a book.4. 主 + 謂（Vt）+ 賓 + 賓補 I make him happy.5. 主 + 系 + 表 I am tall.（二）關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1which指物，在定語從句中做主語、賓語、表語。Thehousewhichisbythelakelooksnice.（主）湖邊的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。Thisisthepen（which）heboughtyesterday.（賓）這是他昨天買的鋼筆。She was fond of dancing, which her brother never was. (表) 她喜歡跳舞,她弟弟從不喜歡。2that

3、指人/ 物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語。Thenumberofpeoplethat cometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.（人 主）每年來參觀這座城市的人數(shù)達一百萬。Whereistheman（that）Isawthismorning?（人 賓）我今天早上看到的那個人在哪兒？He is no longer a little boy that he used to be.（人 表）他已經(jīng)不再是以前那個小男孩兒了。Theseasonthat comesafterspringissummer.（物 主）春天以后的季節(jié)是夏季。Theperson（

4、that）youintroducedtomeisverykind.（物 賓）你介紹給我的那個人很友好。3. who指人，在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語。TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne. (主)正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。He is the man（who）I talked about to you.（賓）他就是我給你提到的那位男士。He is no longer the man who he used to be. (表) 他不再是以前的那個他了。4whom指人，在定語從句中做賓語，?？墒÷浴iMingisjusttheboy(whom)

5、Iwanttosee.李明正是我想要見的男孩。5whose指人/ 物，在定語從句中作定語，表所屬，“的”Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.（人）我拜訪了一個全國知名的科學(xué)家。Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.（物）我曾經(jīng)住在那幢屋頂已經(jīng)倒塌了的房子里。特殊情況歸納總結(jié)規(guī)則1：關(guān)系代詞若在限制性定語從句中做賓語并且前面無介詞時，關(guān)系代詞可省略。She is the woman (whom/ who/ that) I saw yesterday.規(guī)則2：定語從句中的主謂一致(1)關(guān)

6、系代詞在定語從句中做主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you.(2)one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ 關(guān)系代詞+ 復(fù)數(shù)動詞 the only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+單數(shù)動詞，Tom is one of the boys who have passed the exam.Tom is the only one of the boys who has passed the exam(3)非限制性定語從句中，由關(guān)系代詞as 或which代替整個主句時，從句謂語動詞要用第

7、三人稱單數(shù)。Great changes have taken place in China, as/ which is known to all.規(guī)則3：定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用that 的情況(1) 修飾詞 + 先行詞 + that（the only, the very, any, few, the first, the best 等 ）This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.(2) 先行詞為不定代詞 + that(e

8、verything, something, nobody, none, all, few, any等 )All that can be done has been done.Is there anything that you want to buy?(3)Who/ Which(主句的主語)+ that (避免重復(fù))Who is the man that is standing there?Which is the book that you bought yesterday?(4) 先行詞（人+物）+ thatWe talked about the books and writers tha

9、t we knew.(5)有兩個定語從句，其中一個關(guān)系代詞已經(jīng)用了which,另一個則用that.They have set up a company, which deals with the things that are related to environment protection.(6)當(dāng)先行詞在主句中作表語，而關(guān)系代詞也在從句中作表語時，只用that.Hangzhou is no more the city that it used to be.規(guī)則4：定語從句中關(guān)系代詞只能用which 的情況(1)在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時_, which/ who/ who. The tre

10、e, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.(2) in / on/ from (介詞) + which / whomWe depend on the land from which we get our food.He is the boy from whom I borrowed the book.(3) 有兩個定語從句，其中一個關(guān)系代詞已經(jīng)用that,另一個則用which規(guī)則5: 指人時，定語從句中關(guān)系代詞只能用who 的情況(1)當(dāng)先行詞是anyone, those 時Is there anyone who can h

11、elp me?(2) 有兩個定語從句，其中一個關(guān)系代詞已經(jīng)用that,另一個則用who規(guī)則6: whose 既可以指人又可以指物，在定語從句中作定語，后跟名詞。 指物時，whose+名詞=名詞+of which= of which + 名詞The classroom whose door / the door of which / of which the door is broken is on the second floor.規(guī)則7：as 和 which的區(qū)別(1)as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句既可以在主句前，也可以在主句后，有時還可以插入句中，意為“正如,正像”；which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性

12、定語從句只能放在主句之后，譯成“這”As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.Smoking is harmful to ones health, as /which is known to all.(2)特殊代詞as 的用法 . suchasI hope to get such a dictionary as he is using. soasI have never seen so clever a boy as he (is).the same as (表同一類)/ the samethat（表同一個）This is the same p

13、en as I lost last week.這只筆跟我昨天掉的那支筆一樣。This is the same pen that I lost last week.這支筆就只我昨天掉的那支筆。規(guī)則8：“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，指人時用whom, 指物時用which某些帶有介詞的動詞短語，介詞可以提至關(guān)系代詞前，但在一些固定搭配的短語動詞中，由于動詞和介詞不可以分割，不能將介詞置于關(guān)系代詞之前。如 take care of, look for, look after, care for等。He is the boy from whom I borrowed the book.He is t

14、he boy whom I borrowed the book from.This is the book which/ that I am looking for.（三）關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1. when 指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語；when=表示時間的介詞（in/at/on/during）+which.I still remember the days when/during which I stayed in Beijing.(作狀)I still remember the days which/that we spent together.（作賓）2. where 指地點，在定語

15、從句中作地點狀語，where=表示地點的介詞（in/at/on/under）+which.He showed me the place where/in which he lived.(作狀)This is the place which/that we visited last year.（作賓）3. why 指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語，why=表示原因的介詞（for）+whichI dont know the reason why/ for which he looks unhappy today. (作狀)The reason which/that you gave us was u

16、nacceptable. （作賓）特殊情況歸納總結(jié)規(guī)則1：the way 作先行詞的時候，定語從句中不缺主、賓、表時，用in which, that, / 。定語從句中若缺主、賓、表，則用 which, that。The way (in which, that, /) he answered the questions was suprising.The way (which , that) he explained to us was quiet simple. 規(guī)則2：一些特殊的先行詞如 situation, point, case, activity, scene, period, fe

17、stival, occasion等要注意具體情況具體分析，作主、賓、表時，用關(guān)系代詞 that/ which; 作狀語時，用關(guān)系副詞where/ when 或“介詞+which”。There is a point (that/ which) we must insist on.We are just trying to reach a point (where/ at which) both sides will sit down together and talk.注意：定語從句中的關(guān)系詞選擇規(guī)則：作主、賓、表關(guān)系代詞（which/that/who/whom/as）作狀語關(guān)系副詞（where

18、/when/why）作定語關(guān)系代詞（whose）(四)定語從句和其他句型之間的區(qū)別1. 定語從句與結(jié)果狀語從句 He is such a good boy as everyone likes.He is such a good boy that everyone likes him.2. 非限制性定語從句與并列句He said nothing, which made me angry.He said nothing, and that made me angry.There are two boys in Peters, both of whom are white.There are two

19、 boys in Peters, and both of them are white.3. 定語從句與地點狀語從句This kind of plant grows best at the place where it is warm and wet. This kind of plant grows best where it is warm and wet. 4. 定語從句與名詞性從句 As is known to us all, the light on the earth is given by the sun. It is known to us all that the light

20、 on the earth is given by the sun. What is known to us all is that the light on the earth is given by the sun.5. 定語從句與強調(diào)句 It was a small village that / which we know. It was in this small village that we got to know each other.（五）檢測:(一)1This is the best factory _we visited last year .A. where B. whi

21、ch C. in which D. that2.Is this the factory _computers are built ?A. that B. which C. in which D. in that3.please pass me the dictionary _cover is red .A. whose B.its C. which D. which of4.The man _has arrived .A. whom I told you B. that I told you C. whom I told you about him D. I told you about5.

22、Do you know the comrade _we are talking ?A. to whom B. to who C. whom D. to that6. They visited the house _the great writer was born .A. from where B. in which C. which D. in where7. The comrade _is speaking at the meeting is my teacher .A. whom B. which C. who D. whose8. He asked us to watch carefu

23、lly everything _he did in class .A. who B. that C. what D. where9. Ill visit the professor tomorrow ,_he will be back from Shanghai .A. who B. that C. when D. which10.The school _I study is a new one .A. on which B. at where C. on that D. at which11. China has many islands,_the largest is Taiwan .A.

24、 in which B. at which C. which D. of which 12. The city _my mother grew up is not far from here .A. what B. where C. that D. which13. Our teacher lives in the house _door faces to the north .A. which B. his C. that D. whose14. Do you know the man _your father nodded ?A. whom B. to whom C. to who D.

25、about whom15.Wrestling is a sport in _people easily get hurt .A. that B. when C. which D. what16. I told you _I know .A. all that B. all which C. all what D. all whom17.China has a lot of famous writers ,one _is Lu Xun .A. of which B. of whom C. of who D. of them18. Is this factory _we visited last

26、year ?A. in which B. around that C. whom D. the one19. Who is the man _was there ?A. who B. which C. that D. whom20. Is there anything _I can do for you, sir ?A. that B. which C. whose D. who21. I still remember the day _she first wore that green dress . A. which B. in which C. on that D. on which22

27、. The knife _we used to cut the bread is very sharp .A. with which B. with it C. with that D. which23. The games _the young men competed in were difficult .A. in which B. which C. it D. who 24.It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park.A. thatB. whichC. as D. it25. George Mallor

28、y was an English school teacher _ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which 26.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor. A.of whom B.whom C.of whose D.whose 27.She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. A.it B.which C.this D.that 28.In the dark street , the

29、re wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whom 29.The weather turned out to be very good , _ was more than we could expect. A.what B.which C.that D.it 30.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. A.which B.whe

30、re C.that D.when 31Carol said the work would be done by October,_personally I doubt very much.A. it B.that C.when D.which 32Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _,of course , made the others unhappy.Awho Bwhich Cthis Dwhat 33.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _ was v

31、ery reasonable. A.which price C.the price of which C.its price D.the price of whose34._ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules. A.As B.It C.That D.Which 35.He lived in London for 3 months , during _ time he learned some English. A.this B.which C.that D.same36.On the wall h

32、ung a picture, _ color is blue. A.whose B.of which C.which D.its37.Whenever I met him , _ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile. A.what B.which C.that D.when38.The visitor asked the guide to take his picture _ stands the famous tower. A.that B.where C.which D.there39.The boss _ depart

33、ment Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women. A.in which B.in that C.in whose D.whose40.I dont like _ you speak to her. A.the way B.the way in that C.the way which D.the way of which41.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ._ I got wet through . A.Its the reason B.Thats why C.Theres why

34、 D.Its how42.He made another wonderful discovery , _ of great importance to science.A.which I think is B.which I think it isC.which I think it D.I think which is43.He was very rude to the customs officer, _ of course made things even worse.A.who B.whom C.what D.whcih 44.There are three bedrooms in t

35、he house,_ is Marys. A the smallestof which B the smaller of which C the smallest of them D the smallest one 45.The Greens will move into the new house next Monday,_ it will be completely finished.A by the time B by which time C by that time D by this time 46.Alice has a large collection of phone,_

36、was taken in london.A none of them B no one of which C all of which D none of which47.With the fast development of agriculture, the people _ village I taught before lived a happy life.A who B whose C in whose D in which 48.There is a moutain _ the top is always covered with snow.A whose B of which C

37、 its D that 49.She may have missed her train, in _ case she wont arrive for another hour.A what B that C which D this 50.There are two thousand students in our school,_ are girls.A two-thirds in which B two-thirds in them C two-thirds of them D of whom two thirds （二）1.The place _interested me most w

38、as the Childrens Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year _the

39、Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day _Ill never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory _well visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place in the factory

40、_we are working since then. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book _the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about

41、 that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen _he is writing is mine. A.with which B.in which C.on which D.by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old. A.to whom B.on whom C.with which

42、D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country? A. who B. whos C. which D. whose 14.Im interested in _you have said. A. all that B.all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isnt such a man _he used

43、 to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, _we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I dont like _ as you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C. such

44、novels D. same novels 20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who 22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women. A. them B.

45、which C. whom D. who 23.Youre the only person _Ive ever met _could do it. A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who 24.I lost a book, _I cant remember now. A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that 25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A.for

46、 which B.for that C.in which D what 26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it 27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together. A.when; which B.which; when C.what; that D.on which; when 28.The way _he looks at problems is wro

47、ng. A. which B. whose C. what D./ 29.This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which 30.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly. A.after which I have looked B. which I have looked after C. that I have looked after D. I have looked af

48、ter 31.The reason _he didnt come was _he was ill. A. why; that B. that; why C. for that; hat D. for which; what 32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam. A.that B.which C.for which D.who 33.That is not the way _I do it. A./ B.which C.for which D.with which 34.I have two grammars, _a

49、re of great use. A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which 35.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago. A.as was B. which was C.as were D. which 36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them. A. who B. which C.

50、 that D. it 37.This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph. A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 38.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done. A. that B. which C. who D. as 39. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes. A. / B. why C. when D. whose 40. Smoking, _ is a bad ha

51、bit, is, however, popular. A. that B. which C. it D. though 41. - Did you ask the guard _ happened? - Yes, he told me all _ he knew. A.what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 42. I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life. A.when; who B.that; which C. which; that D. when; which 43. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing. A.owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D.