國(guó)產(chǎn)高檔數(shù)控機(jī)床發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀—畢業(yè)論文

1、國(guó)產(chǎn)高檔數(shù)控機(jī)床的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 摘要：近幾年來(lái)，國(guó)產(chǎn)的低端數(shù)控系統(tǒng)基本把國(guó)外競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手?jǐn)D出了中國(guó)市場(chǎng)；而高端市場(chǎng)則正好相反，國(guó)產(chǎn)只占不到十分之一。高端數(shù)控系統(tǒng)市場(chǎng)基本上在法那科和西門(mén)子等廠(chǎng)家的掌握中。國(guó)外高檔數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，在高速和高精度表現(xiàn)上，以及在五軸加工和智能化方面比國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)品表現(xiàn)都好，而且其平均無(wú)故障時(shí)間是國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)品的4倍。除了數(shù)控系統(tǒng)水平的差距，關(guān)鍵零部件領(lǐng)域的薄弱也限制了國(guó)產(chǎn)機(jī)床的高度。關(guān)鍵字：高檔數(shù)控機(jī)床；現(xiàn)狀；數(shù)控系統(tǒng)the development present situation of domestic high-grade cnc machine toolabstract: in rec

2、ent years, domestic low-end numerical control system the basic foreign competitors out of the china market; while the high-end market, by contrast, domestic only accounts for less than one over ten. high-end cnc system market largely in the hands and siemens, etc. foreign high-grade cnc system, perf

3、ormance in high speed and high precision, and in terms of five axis machining and intelligent than domestic products performance is good, and the mtbf is four times that of domestic products. in addition to the numerical control system level of gap, the key parts in the field of weak also limits the

4、 height of the domestic machine tool.key words: high-grade cnc machine tools; the status quo; numerical control system1.前言 數(shù)控機(jī)床是現(xiàn)代制造業(yè)的主流設(shè)備，是體現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代機(jī)床技術(shù)水平、現(xiàn)代機(jī)械制造業(yè)工藝水平的重要標(biāo)志，是關(guān)系國(guó)計(jì)民生、國(guó)防尖端建設(shè)的戰(zhàn)略物資。 從2002年開(kāi)始，中國(guó)已成為世界機(jī)床消費(fèi)第一大國(guó)和機(jī)床進(jìn)口第一大國(guó)，進(jìn)出口逆差嚴(yán)重，中高檔、大型、精密、高速數(shù)控機(jī)床以及數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的進(jìn)口依賴(lài)程度更加明顯。目前，中國(guó)進(jìn)口高檔、大型、精密和高速數(shù)控機(jī)床的比例達(dá)80以上，中國(guó)汽車(chē)

5、制造裝備70以上和汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)生產(chǎn)線(xiàn)90以上依賴(lài)進(jìn)口，而且?guī)缀醢俜种俚闹懈邫n國(guó)產(chǎn)數(shù)控機(jī)床采用的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)也都是依賴(lài)進(jìn)口。 五軸聯(lián)動(dòng)加工中心有高效率、高精度的特點(diǎn)，工件一次裝夾就可完成五面體的加工。如配置五軸聯(lián)動(dòng)的高檔數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，還可以對(duì)復(fù)雜的空間曲面進(jìn)行高精度加工，更能夠適合越來(lái)越復(fù)雜的高檔、先進(jìn)模具的加工以及汽車(chē)零部件、飛機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)件等精密、復(fù)雜零件的加工。眾所周知，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家直到現(xiàn)在還在限制五軸聯(lián)動(dòng)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)和機(jī)床對(duì)中國(guó)的出口，如果用戶(hù)使用國(guó)外的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，就必須簽署嚴(yán)格的定向使用協(xié)定，并接受檢查。2.五軸聯(lián)動(dòng)數(shù)控加工中心的結(jié)構(gòu)五軸聯(lián)動(dòng)加工中心大多是3+2的結(jié)構(gòu)，即x，y，z三個(gè)直線(xiàn)運(yùn)動(dòng)軸加上分別圍繞x

6、,y,z軸旋轉(zhuǎn)的旋轉(zhuǎn)軸中的兩個(gè)旋轉(zhuǎn)軸組成。這樣，從大的方面分類(lèi)，就有x-y-z-a-b、x-y-z-a-c、x-y-z-b-c三種形式；由二個(gè)旋轉(zhuǎn)軸的組合形式來(lái)分，大體上有雙轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)式、轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)加上擺頭式和雙擺頭式三種形式。 3. 國(guó)產(chǎn)高檔數(shù)控機(jī)床發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀在機(jī)床行業(yè)，一般以數(shù)控機(jī)床所控制的軸數(shù)為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)劃分檔次，三軸以下的為低檔，三至五軸為中高檔，五軸以上為高檔。數(shù)控機(jī)床是機(jī)床工業(yè)的方向，其高精、高細(xì)、高速、柔性、智能，是現(xiàn)代機(jī)床工業(yè)的標(biāo)志，現(xiàn)代裝備制造業(yè)正向極端制造方向發(fā)展，一是越來(lái)越高大，二是越來(lái)越細(xì)小，三是越來(lái)越復(fù)雜，生產(chǎn)工藝高度集成。在世界機(jī)床行業(yè)界，歐洲和日本的機(jī)床工業(yè)憑借其高度創(chuàng)新、多元化規(guī)

7、模和精密級(jí)制造等產(chǎn)品優(yōu)勢(shì)，在世界高檔機(jī)床市場(chǎng)中多年來(lái)保持壟斷領(lǐng)先地位。那么我國(guó)高檔數(shù)控機(jī)床的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r如何呢？3.1 國(guó)產(chǎn)高檔數(shù)控機(jī)床的應(yīng)用航空航天制造技術(shù)雜志期刊2009年曾經(jīng)針對(duì)數(shù)控機(jī)床及高檔數(shù)控機(jī)床進(jìn)行應(yīng)用調(diào)查，調(diào)查顯示，國(guó)產(chǎn)數(shù)控裝置的配套滿(mǎn)足率可達(dá) 70%，但是國(guó)產(chǎn)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)幾乎有 80% 以上是用于中低端數(shù)控機(jī)床上，高端數(shù)控系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品的差距仍然較大，雖然在核心技術(shù)上取得了突破，但總體技術(shù)與國(guó)外相比仍有較大差距，國(guó)外品牌占據(jù)我國(guó)高端數(shù)控系統(tǒng) 95% 以上的市場(chǎng)份額。目前中國(guó)高檔數(shù)控系統(tǒng)和功能部件仍然主要依靠進(jìn)口，國(guó)內(nèi)高檔系統(tǒng)的自給率不到5%，約有95%依賴(lài)進(jìn)口，其中日本成為主要的進(jìn)口國(guó)，約占

8、1/3；國(guó)產(chǎn)中高檔數(shù)控系統(tǒng)總和不到20%，因此發(fā)展國(guó)產(chǎn)高端數(shù)控系統(tǒng)勢(shì)在必行。3.2 與國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平的差距高性能數(shù)控系統(tǒng)、電主軸、納米精度光柵等功能部件及整機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)制造的核心技術(shù)，是發(fā)展高端數(shù)控機(jī)床最關(guān)鍵的因素。近幾年來(lái)，國(guó)產(chǎn)的低端數(shù)控系統(tǒng)基本把國(guó)外競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手?jǐn)D出了中國(guó)市場(chǎng)；而高端市場(chǎng)則正好相反，國(guó)產(chǎn)只占不到十分之一。高端數(shù)控系統(tǒng)市場(chǎng)基本上在發(fā)那科和西門(mén)子等廠(chǎng)家的掌握中。國(guó)外高檔數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，在高速和高精度表現(xiàn)上，以及在五軸加工和智能化方面比國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)品表現(xiàn)都好，而且其平均無(wú)故障時(shí)間是國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)品的4倍。除了數(shù)控系統(tǒng)水平的差距，關(guān)鍵零部件領(lǐng)域的薄弱也限制了國(guó)產(chǎn)機(jī)床的高度。在一些機(jī)床展會(huì)上，也能看到應(yīng)用法那科或西

9、門(mén)子數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的國(guó)產(chǎn)高端機(jī)床，與國(guó)外裝配同樣“大腦”的機(jī)床相比，轉(zhuǎn)速只有國(guó)外的三分之一，誤差范圍是別人的5倍。3.2.1 各類(lèi)數(shù)控機(jī)床主要技術(shù)性能的差距龍門(mén)式加工中心是一類(lèi)產(chǎn)品規(guī)格大而且技術(shù)和利潤(rùn)的附加值大的產(chǎn)品，工作臺(tái)移動(dòng)式和龍門(mén)框架移動(dòng)式或床身高架橫梁移動(dòng)式，都是有技術(shù)實(shí)力和能力的廠(chǎng)家主要比拼的對(duì)象。此類(lèi)機(jī)床技術(shù)含量較高，國(guó)內(nèi)龍門(mén)式加工中心的規(guī)格大多在工作臺(tái)寬度12005000毫米，x、y坐標(biāo)軸的快移速度保持在20000毫米/分鐘左右，定位精度和重復(fù)定位精度保持在各坐標(biāo)軸全行程上0.0150.035毫米和0.0080.025毫米。國(guó)外一般工作臺(tái)規(guī)格都在5000毫米以上，定位精度和重復(fù)定位精度

10、比我們的值減少20%50%，體現(xiàn)了他們的技術(shù)獨(dú)樹(shù)一幟。3.2.2 國(guó)產(chǎn)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)與國(guó)外的差距 由于“東芝事件”的深遠(yuǎn)影響，日本發(fā)那科在最近若干年內(nèi)五軸聯(lián)動(dòng)的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)都是不可能賣(mài)給中國(guó)的。近年來(lái)，中國(guó)陸續(xù)推出五軸聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)床的廠(chǎng)家(如沈陽(yáng)、大連、北京、濟(jì)南、常州、桂林和齊齊哈爾等地的機(jī)床廠(chǎng))越來(lái)越多，各式五軸聯(lián)動(dòng)數(shù)控機(jī)床在北京、上海等國(guó)際機(jī)床展上不斷亮相。但是，這些五軸聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)床一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)就是所采用的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)基本上都是西門(mén)子的840d系統(tǒng)，而且，其中的功能大都是經(jīng)過(guò)適當(dāng)裁減的。即使這樣，配上840d數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的五軸聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)床的用戶(hù)也要接受他們的定向使用審查而受其限制。 國(guó)產(chǎn)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)主要有廣州數(shù)控，華中中數(shù)

11、控，航天數(shù)控等系列，廣州數(shù)控系統(tǒng)是學(xué)習(xí)日本發(fā)那科系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)并消化吸收的成果，在國(guó)產(chǎn)數(shù)控中排行老大，華中數(shù)控有些仿德國(guó)西門(mén)子技術(shù)的意思，它的繪圖能力比較強(qiáng)大，在國(guó)內(nèi)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)中排行老二，是國(guó)家重點(diǎn)支持和發(fā)展的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，因?yàn)橛扇A中科技大學(xué)作為后盾，相信以后有很大的發(fā)展空間。國(guó)產(chǎn)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)正處在一個(gè)上升的成長(zhǎng)期當(dāng)中，與國(guó)外相比基本功能還是都有的，所差的部分有以下幾點(diǎn)：1、元件質(zhì)量，國(guó)產(chǎn)元件由于制作工藝、制作環(huán)境、原材料等一些軟性條件和硬性條件無(wú)法滿(mǎn)足、同時(shí)也被制造商忽視所以還無(wú)法與國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上最優(yōu)質(zhì)元件所比擬；2、控制精度實(shí)際取決于對(duì)電流、電壓、波形控制的精度，這里包含了信號(hào)的比較反饋、信號(hào)處理等，這主要

12、還是靠軟件和硬件配合來(lái)完成的，國(guó)內(nèi)系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)商好像對(duì)這兩個(gè)部門(mén)之間的配合還做得不是很好；3、國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)商的產(chǎn)品原型大多沒(méi)有形成真正的自己的思路，在復(fù)制過(guò)程中有些看似無(wú)用的，沒(méi)有真正理解其含義就匆匆省掉了；4、由于國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)商急于與國(guó)際市場(chǎng)接軌，低價(jià)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，導(dǎo)致在原材料采購(gòu)中和在設(shè)計(jì)制造當(dāng)中能省就省，這樣就導(dǎo)致差異擴(kuò)大。 4. 國(guó)產(chǎn)高檔數(shù)控系統(tǒng)發(fā)展成果雖然國(guó)內(nèi)高檔數(shù)控機(jī)床與國(guó)際水平有差距，但是在國(guó)家政策的支持和研究人員的努力下，我國(guó)高檔數(shù)控機(jī)床取得了一定的成績(jī)。下面以華中控華中8型高檔數(shù)控系統(tǒng)為例子簡(jiǎn)單介紹。我國(guó)高檔數(shù)控華中8型全數(shù)字高檔數(shù)控系統(tǒng)是我國(guó)自主研發(fā)的高端數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，具備

13、全數(shù)字現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線(xiàn)、多通道、多軸聯(lián)動(dòng)、高速高精、使用方便、配套齊全等性能特點(diǎn)，是高檔數(shù)控機(jī)床與基礎(chǔ)制造裝備國(guó)家科技重大專(zhuān)項(xiàng)取得的重要成果。華中8型全數(shù)字高檔數(shù)控系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了從模擬接口、脈沖接口到總線(xiàn)控制、高速高精的技術(shù)跨越，對(duì)打破國(guó)外技術(shù)壟斷、提高國(guó)產(chǎn)高檔數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的市場(chǎng)占有率、維護(hù)我國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和國(guó)防安全都具有重要意義。華中8型全數(shù)字高檔數(shù)控系統(tǒng)2012年已在航空航天、能源、船舶、汽車(chē)等重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域用戶(hù)實(shí)現(xiàn)了500多臺(tái)的實(shí)際應(yīng)用。華中8型數(shù)控系統(tǒng)還應(yīng)用于東方汽輪機(jī)公司的各類(lèi)高檔機(jī)床，包括砂帶磨生產(chǎn)線(xiàn)9臺(tái)，高速木工龍門(mén)銑床1臺(tái)，五軸葉片銑床4臺(tái)。其中，五軸聯(lián)動(dòng)龍門(mén)加工中心主要用于風(fēng)電漿葉等大型復(fù)雜整體結(jié)構(gòu)

14、件的高速加工，突破了國(guó)外對(duì)我國(guó)高速龍門(mén)銑床方面的技術(shù)封鎖。5結(jié)論本文通過(guò)對(duì)國(guó)產(chǎn)高檔數(shù)控機(jī)床現(xiàn)狀及對(duì)策進(jìn)行了探討，我深刻認(rèn)識(shí)到我國(guó)高檔數(shù)控機(jī)床與先進(jìn)國(guó)際水平差距較大，對(duì)國(guó)外高檔數(shù)控裝備的依賴(lài)程度依然很大。國(guó)內(nèi)的數(shù)控機(jī)床生產(chǎn)商更應(yīng)該認(rèn)清差距，腳踏實(shí)地，有戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃，有步驟的追趕國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平，優(yōu)先發(fā)展與高檔數(shù)控裝備有關(guān)的精尖技術(shù) ，不斷縮小與國(guó)外先進(jìn)水平的差距。參考文獻(xiàn)：1周延佑，陳長(zhǎng)年新理念催生新結(jié)構(gòu)j制造技術(shù)與機(jī)床，2007(6)：55-594側(cè)衛(wèi),曉立.高端數(shù)控系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用調(diào)查報(bào)告j.航空制造技術(shù),2009（16）:5455.5熊永超,陶勇.國(guó)產(chǎn)數(shù)控機(jī)床現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)j.煤礦機(jī)械,2006,（3）:

15、3435.6宗合.機(jī)床突破需劍指高端n.中國(guó)船舶報(bào),2009-07-24(007).7江仁潔,何建新.我國(guó)數(shù)控機(jī)床的現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)j.湖南農(nóng)機(jī),2007,(3).12杜玉湘，陸啟建，劉明燈五軸聯(lián)動(dòng)數(shù)控機(jī)床的結(jié)構(gòu)和應(yīng)用機(jī)械制造與自動(dòng)化，（）：15 周延佑.數(shù)控機(jī)床發(fā)展新趨勢(shì)與我國(guó)相應(yīng)的對(duì)策j.機(jī)械工藝師, 2001(2): 5-71.16 盛伯浩,唐華.數(shù)控機(jī)床技術(shù)發(fā)展淺析j.航空制造技術(shù),2002(6): 12-171.17 朱同興.國(guó)內(nèi)外數(shù)控技術(shù)發(fā)展動(dòng)向j.數(shù)控技術(shù)與應(yīng)用, 2001內(nèi)部資料僅供參考6a*cz7h$dq8kqqfhvzfedswsyxty#&qa9wkxfyeq!djs#xu

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39、ywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9cpbk!zn%mz849gxgjqv$ue9wewz#qcue%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3tngk8!z89amv$ue9wewz#qcue%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxgjqv$ue9wewz#qcue%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5u

40、xy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9cpbk!zn%mz849gxgjqv$ue9wewz#qcue%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3tngk8!z89amywv*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9cpbk!zn%mz849gxgjqv$u*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9cpbk!zn%mz84!z89amv$ue9wewz#qcue%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3

41、tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxgjqv$ue9wewz#qcue%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9cpbk!zn%mz849gxgjqv$ue9wewz#qcue%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3tngk8!z89amywv*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9cpbk!zn%mz849gxgjqv$u*3

42、tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9cpbk!zn%mz849gxgjqv$ue9wewz#qcue%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3tngk8!z89amywv*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9cpbk!zn%mz849gxgjqv$u*3tngk8!z89amywpazad

43、nu#kn&muwfa5uxy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9cpbk!zn%mz849gxgjqv$ue9wewz#qcue%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnugk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9cpbk!zn%mz849gxgjqv$ue9wewz#qcue%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxgjqv$ue9wewz#qcue%&qypeh

44、5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9cpbk!zn%mz849gxgjqv$ue9wewz#qcue%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3tngk8!z89amywv*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9cpbk!zn%mz849gxgjqv$ue9wewz#qcue%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3tngk8

45、!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxgjqv$ue9wewz#qcue%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9cpbk!zn%mz849gxgjqv3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9cpbk!zn%mz849gxgjqv$ue9wewz#qcue%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3tngk8!z89amywv*3tngk8!z8

46、9amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9cpbk!zn%mz849gxgjqv$u*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9cpbk!zn%mz849gxgjqv$ue9wewz#qcue%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3tngk8!z89amv$ue9wewz#qcue%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxgjqv$ue9wewz#qcu

47、e%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9cpbk!zn%mz849gxgjqv$ue9wewz#qcue%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3tngk8!z89amywv*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9cpbk!zn%mz849gxgjqv$u*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9

48、cpbk!zn%mzadnu#kn&muwfa5uxy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9cpbk!zn%mz849gxgjqv$ue9wewz#qcue%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxgjqv$ue9wewz#qcue%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9cpbk!zn%mz849gxgjqv$ue9wewz#qcadnu#kn&muwfa5u

49、xy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9cpbk!zn%mz849gxgjqv$ue9wewz#qcue%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxgjqv$ue9wewz#qcue%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9cpbk!zn%mz849gxgjqv$ue9wewz#qcue%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&k

50、sv*3tngk8!z89amywv*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9cpbk!zn%mz849gxgjqv$u*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9cpbk!zn%mz849gxgjqv$ue9wewz#qcue%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3tngk8!z89amv$ue9wewz#qcue%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu

51、#kn&muwfa5uxgjqv$ue9wewz#qcue%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9cpbk!zn%mz849gxgjqv$ue9wewz#qcue%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3tngk8!z89amywv*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9cpbk!zn%mz849gxgjqv$u*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu

52、#kn&muwfa5uxy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9cpbk!zn%mz84!z89amv$ue9wewz#qcue%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxgjqv$ue9wewz#qcue%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9cpbk!zn%mz849gxgjqv$ue9wewz#qcue%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4n

53、gpp$vstt#&ksv*3tngk8!z89amywv*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9cpbk!zn%mz849gxgjqv$u*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9cpbk!zn%mz849gxgjqv$ue9wewz#qcue%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3tng

54、k8!z89amywv*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9cpbk!zn%mz849gxgjqv$u*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9cpbk!zn%mz849gxgjqv$ue9wewz#qcue%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnugk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9cpbk!zn%mz849gxgjqv$ue9wewz#

55、qcue%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxgjqv$ue9wewz#qcue%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9cpbk!zn%mz849gxgjqv$ue9wewz#qcue%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3tngk8!z89amywv*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&m

56、uwfa5uxy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9cpbk!zn%mz849gxgjqv$ue9wewz#qcue%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxgjqv$ue9wewz#qcue%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9cpbk!zn%mz849gxgjqvue%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3t

57、ngk8!z89amywv*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9cpbk!zn%mz849gxgjqv$u*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxy7jnd6ywrrwwcvr9cpbk!zn%mz849gxgjqv$ue9wewz#qcue%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3tngk8!z89amv$ue9wewz#qcue%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5uxgjqv$ue9wewz#qcue%&qypeh5pdx2zvkum>xrm6x4ngpp$vstt#&ksv*3tngk8!z89amywpazadnu#kn&muwfa5u