通過(guò)興趣培養(yǎng)增強(qiáng)學(xué)生英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力能力 Students’ listening ability enhancement via interest increasing

1、students listening ability enhancement via interest increasing通過(guò)興趣培養(yǎng)增強(qiáng)學(xué)生英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力能力論文摘要。筆者本人從事基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)達(dá)七年之久，在多年的工作實(shí)踐中發(fā)現(xiàn)，大部分中國(guó)學(xué)生，無(wú)論英語(yǔ)筆試成績(jī)優(yōu)異與否，聽(tīng)力能力普遍偏弱。通過(guò)分析，筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題主要是出在教學(xué)者的“教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)”上，主要問(wèn)題有：1.沒(méi)有讓學(xué)生明確聽(tīng)力學(xué)習(xí)的目的；2.沒(méi)有幫學(xué)生理清聽(tīng)力學(xué)習(xí)與發(fā)展其它英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)技能的關(guān)系；3.沒(méi)有設(shè)計(jì)出一套切實(shí)可行的教學(xué)方案。依據(jù)有關(guān)的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)理論，筆者剖析了以往的聽(tīng)力教學(xué)活動(dòng)，提出了通過(guò)改善教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)增加學(xué)生對(duì)聽(tīng)力的學(xué)習(xí)興趣。 為此，筆者設(shè)

2、計(jì)并實(shí)施了為期4個(gè)月的，以 “pwp”(pre-listening while-listening post -listening)為模式，以“practice”為主要形式的實(shí)驗(yàn)性教學(xué)，并取得了令人鼓舞的結(jié)果：參加教學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的多數(shù)同學(xué)都開(kāi)始喜歡聽(tīng)力學(xué)習(xí)了。通過(guò)對(duì)比兩次聽(tīng)力模擬考試的結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，學(xué)生的聽(tīng)力成績(jī)優(yōu)秀（80分以上）比例由38.5% 提高到了65.5%，說(shuō)明研究結(jié)果基本達(dá)到了預(yù)期目的。通過(guò)本項(xiàng)目的研究和實(shí)施，可以提高學(xué)生對(duì)聽(tīng)力學(xué)習(xí)重要性的認(rèn)識(shí)，明確聽(tīng)力學(xué)習(xí)的目的，掌握聽(tīng)力學(xué)習(xí)的具體方法，特別是嘗試解決長(zhǎng)期困擾許多學(xué)生的所謂“聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練與以語(yǔ)法及結(jié)構(gòu)為中心的考試的矛盾”，從而糾正“聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練對(duì)這

3、類(lèi)考試幫助不大”的認(rèn)識(shí)上的偏差。筆者希望本次項(xiàng)目研究可以為受類(lèi)似教學(xué)問(wèn)題困擾的教師提供一些有價(jià)值的幫助，使其抓聽(tīng)力教學(xué)的實(shí)質(zhì)，科學(xué)地設(shè)計(jì)聽(tīng)力教學(xué)，有效地組織課堂聽(tīng)力活動(dòng)從而激發(fā)學(xué)生的聽(tīng)力學(xué)習(xí)興趣，切實(shí)提高學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力能力。關(guān)鍵詞：明確目的，可行方案，有效方法 abstractthis paper presents a detailed report of the research implemented to solve the problem that although most of my students are able to pass the written section of

4、exams , they always seem to be quite inefficient at the listening section of exams. they have experienced lots of frustration which result from failure of their exams. therefore, they lose interest and confidence in listening ability improvement. the reasons why students are so bad at listening are

5、listed as following: (1)students have no specific purposes of listening study;(2) students have no idea about the relationship between listening studying and other english studying skill development;(3)teacher does not have accessible listening training scheme. it is hypothesized that designing acti

6、vities which carry on pwp approaches would result in higher overall performance for the improvement in listening comprehension ability. this hypothesis is verified by a four-month classroom teaching. among the methods of scientific investigation used are socratic dialogue and cause analysis. the stu

7、dy is necessary because it not only emphasizes that the well-designed pwp approaches are effective , but also helps students with their interests and confidence increasing in english listening, which would be particularly beneficial for chinese students and chinese teachers of english. it sheds ligh

8、t on current methods of english teaching in primary and middle schools in china and provides more effective and efficient solution .key words: specific purposes , feasible scheme, efficient solution table of contentsnpages. introduction 1 .project background and company information2 .literature revi

9、ew.problem identification and analysis1.problem identification. 2.problem analysis 2.1 the analytic method2.2 socratic dialogues2.3 questionnaire survey 3 result of problem analysis11.112223334. project objective 41 project objective42 project hypothesis4.project rationale1 the purpose and importanc

10、e of teaching listening in english course2 pwp model 3 the learners roles and responsibilities 4 teachers role and responsibilities. project design and implementation 1 research design- lesson planning 2 project implementation2.1 goals 2,2 subjects 2.3 material3 research tools4 research methods.4.1.

11、before the research: problem identified with the first quiz4.2.after the research: data collection and analysis results and discussion1 summarized data analysis in relation to project hypothesis2 unsolved problem.conclusion. bibliography appendix appendix 44445555666666677788101113 students listenin

12、g ability enhancement via interest increasingintroductionthe purpose of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of designing effective activities for helping students with their listening studying.listening is so important in our chinese peoples daily life, especially for people who live in suc

13、h metropolitan cities like beijing,shanghai, and so on. more and more english teachers have realized the importance of developing students listening ability. ”however, few teachers would say it is easy to teach listening. there are two main reasons. first, since listening is a mental activity carrie

14、d out in one s head, it is very difficult to know exactly what mental processes are involved as one tries to extract meaning from an aural work. second ,to listen successfully, students should not only understand the language itself but have knowledge of such things as the topic,the context,the spea

15、kers and so on.”（gu yueguo english language teaching methodology1) .however, through the writers own teaching experience, students do encounter more difficulty in listening studying than other english studying skills, eg reading and writing. therefore, adopting effective and reasonable practice in s

16、tudents listening classes is very important. 1.project background and company information1.1 project backgroundthis project is designed to help students enhance their listening ability through carefully-planned classroom practices. writer of the thesis have been working on training students with the

17、ir listening ability and found that the quality and quantity of practices is important, students who have been trained with practices that possess proper difficulty do achieve better marks.writer designed four-month classroom practice scheme, each month had a specific objective to achieve, students

18、had to take listening class 8 times per month,2.5 hours every time. during every class, writer always adopt pwp approaches to help students practice their listening,1.2 company informationthe name of the company is international foreign language training school .writer of the paper have been working

19、 in this school for nearly 7 years. and students of the school are mostly from middle school ,but intend to continue their study abroad, so most of them need to pass a kind of exams , however ,most of students failed in the listening session of the exams.2 literature review the purpose for learning

20、english in china has changed in recent years due to the reform policy. in the past, daily communication was not the main goal because one didnt need to listen and speak in english. so the grammar-translation method started to become more and more popular .it is the one which has been used in the for

21、eign language teaching for the longest time. it has some advantages which are well known, such as to improve the learning effect through students comprehension to the grammar rules, etc. but the deficiency of it is apparent. for example, it ignores the listening teaching, etc. ( li , 1983). because

22、students pay more attention to memorizing lots of grammar rules ,and are unaware of the practical function of learning english-communicating through listening and speaking. ,.“the big breakaway from the grammar-translation method in schools in the west came with the founding of the european communit

23、y 1957 as a reaction to the divisions caused by the second world war” (gu, 1998). a functional-notional approach emerged in 1960s. it is more effective to train students ability of listening. first it points the language is a kind of tool for communication, the main purpose of teaching is to improve

24、 students ability of using the language.( wilkings, 1974) . “research done in applied linguistics in the 1950s-1970s made it clear that it was not enough to know only the grammatical forms of the language, and that the user of a language also needed to know who to use them with and in which situatio

25、ns. these are matters of politeness and familiarity, for example, and using the expressions appropriate to the situation. this study is known as sociolinguistics, which covers the social situations in which language is used and the effect it might have.”(gu yueguo english language teaching methodolo

26、gy1) .and this is the main theory which the project based on.problem identification and analysis1 problem identification.in listening class, the students usually listen to the aural material which is prepared by their teacher and expect to understand the contents of the material. unfortunately, they

27、 understand very little of them, teacher replay the aural material many times, students still progress nearly nothing. then students suffer form failure and frustration, so they become less interested in listening.2 problem analysis summary of the problems in my teaching, the problem identified was

28、really a serious one. the preliminary research confirmed that there were four main reasons that accounted for the students lack of interest in listening class. firstly, some students were unsure of what they had heard because of their wrong pronunciation and poor vocabulary. secondly, some students

29、misunderstood the listening contents because of their limited background knowledge. thirdly, some students, particularly those who did not do well in the traditional grammar-oriented reading exam, lacked self-confidence in listening work. they thought that the listening class was only the show time

30、for the “top-students”. fourthly some students didnt think the listening practices are useful to their grammar-oriented exam, so they were not interested in them at all.the problems had been troubling teachers for a long time and i was determined to work out the solution to the problem. i started of

31、f by making an analysis of the problems. 2.1 the analytic method the problem is: students who lose interests in listening practice have different reasons and understanding levels, so teacher noticed the poor listening work design was the main reason the problem. 2.2 cause analysis: (see appendix)tea

32、cher did the cause analysis on both “teachers side” and “students side”, and analyses the four main reasons of students not being interested in listening practice. teacher recognized that she should add some pronunciation training activities to improve students pronunciation; give more clear instruc

33、tion to let students know what to listen and how to listen; offer more encouragement to the “l(fā)ow achievers” with low marks on the “grammar exams” to gain confidence; try to design some listening activities to improve the students ability on the “grammar exam”.2.3 questionnaire survey: (see appendix)

34、teacher designed one questionnaire and distributed to students before conducting the research and required that they finish it within 20 minutes. all of them, nearly 1/3 of students, returned their questionnaires that were left anonymous. when all these data came in, i made some statistical evaluati

35、on. the result showed that 100% of the students thought the listening practice was important and that about 80.5% of the students thought listening practice was quite necessary for their future development, which indicated that the students have been fully aware of the importance and necessity of li

36、stening practice. but they might encounter difficulties, such as the language level is higher than the students, so they lost their confidence and interest.3 results of problem analysis: after making the above analysis, ive got the result that inadequate teaching design is mainly responsible for stu

37、dents lack of interest in listening practice. students who may come across different kinds of frustrations or failure need to be dealt with differently. so in my future teaching, i will try to improve my listening work design through adding some items to improve the students pronunciation, giving th

38、em more encouragement and more detailed instructions for their listening practices, etc.project objective 1.project objective:the objective of the project is through well-planned classroom practices ,to help students retrieve their interests and confidence ,therefore achieve better listening compreh

39、ension ability.2 project hypothesisit is hypothesized that learners ability in listening practice can be enhanced by well-designed listening work through pwp 3-stage methodology. project rationale1.the purpose and importance of teaching listening in english course“l(fā)istening is the skill that the stu

40、dents will be judged upon most in real-life situations. it is an important part of everyday interaction and most often the first impression of a person is based on his/her ability to listen smoothly and comprehensibly”(wang & cheng , 2000). soas a teacher，i would like to give listening the purpose o

41、f communication, making it as close to real-life as possible. it is my responsibility to help students to improve the ability of listening in english both in classroom and in the real world outside the classroom.2.pwp modelwe can divide the listening process into three stages:1)pre-listening stage2)

42、while-listening stage3)post-listening stagethe pre-listening stage refers to the period before students begin listening. the main purpose of the pre-listening stage is to introduce enough about topic, background and knowledge of text or purpose of listening to predict what students will hear and mak

43、e sense of it. while-listening stage is the stage in which students carry out all the activity and teacher observes. post-listening stage is the last period in which check the students answer and point out their problems.3. the learners roles and responsibilitieshedge (2002) pointed out that one of

44、the perspectives on learner- centeredness is “ encouraging learners to take on a greater degree of responsibility for their own successful learning, not only by contributing to course or activity design but also by continuing their learning outside class, at home, or in self-access facilities” (page

45、 number), so when one is learning english, he (or she) is a person, who is learning by doing it; one is a person, who is working by using it and he (or she) is a person, who lives in it. make english study a part of ones daily routine, the same as eating or brushing his teeth. mere exposure to engli

46、sh will not enable people to understand english. listening english will teach them english!4.teachers role and responsibilities the teacher has different roles during the pwp three-stage model, in the pre-listening stage, teacher has great control and preparation and plays a role as a demonstrator a

47、nd commentator. during the while-listening stage ,the teacher will change the role into an organizer, a coordinator and a monitor. at the last stage ,the teacher play the role as a reviewer and a helper. project design and implementation 1 project design-lesson planlevel: upper intermediate material

48、s: textbook, blackboard, tape, tape-recorder goals: students are asked to understand when they listen to an announcement. this lesson will at least make the students take one step to get accustomed to hearing and understanding what they hear. objectives: by the end of the lesson the students will un

49、derstand the skill of listening for specific information. activities pre-listening activities: the teacher tells the students what they are going to listen to. a background information is tried to be given. . during listening activities: while students are listening to the tape the teacher asks them

50、 to underline some key words which will help students finish the exercisespost-listening activities: the teacher summarize the skills of listening for specific information. 2 project implementation 2.1goal the goal of this research is to increase students ability through material with reasonable dif

51、ficulty by better-designed listening work.2.2 subject the subject is that 40 students in one class of international english training centre, who are in their early 20s and with lower-intermediate english level.2.3 materialthe materials are based on listen to this (intermediate level) and step by ste

52、p (2005). 3 research tools: quizzesthe two quizzes designed before and after the project were essentially comparable in1) identifying the problems2) showing the result of the project: two quizzes have the same difficulty and amount of questions are same. one is carried out before the project 4 resea

53、rch methodsmethod was used and data were collected over a span of roughly one month from the beginning of october，2004 to the end of it. the comparison was made between the results of the two quizzes in percentage. two quizzes have same question style and difficulty.4.1before the research: problem i

54、dentified with the first quizfour listening activities were designed based on the listen to this.it took four months to carry out the implementation by using different listening purposes month 1 in the first month, we did a preparatory and warmup practicing about understanding the basic elements suc

55、h as letters , spelling, numbers, addresses etc. the goal of this month is to help students build a solid listening ability -to differentiate basic elements which will constitute the sentences and paragraphs students will soon encounter. month 2 in the second month, we did a listening for detailed i

56、nformation practice based on unit 2 in . students tried to understand contents through multiple choice exercises. before operating the tape recorder, teacher usually gave some background information first and provide relevant vocabulary for students who have no big vocabulary. while-listening proces

57、s was normally carried out until students finish the exercises in the textbook. month 3 in the third month, we did a listening for specific information practice. especially in some living or semi-official situations, such as renting apartments, looking for jobs , applying for the membership of sport club, and so on. month 4in the fourth month, students adopted listening practicing in a comprehensive exercises which include gap-filling, chart-filling, multiple choices, short-answer,summary,etc. 4.2 after the research: data collection and analysisat the end of the research, the second q