虛擬語(yǔ)氣學(xué)案精講精練習(xí)題

1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣：是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式，用來(lái)表示假設(shè)、猜測(cè)、建議、主觀愿望、夸張或空想，而非客觀事實(shí)。一 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件句從句主句例句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If + 主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（were, did, had）主語(yǔ)+ should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形If I had time, I would attend the meeting.If I were you, I should seize the opportunity to go abroad.與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If +主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might +hav

2、e+過(guò)去分詞If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam.與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè) If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式 If+主語(yǔ)+were to+動(dòng)詞原形 If+主語(yǔ)+should+動(dòng)詞原形(注意不能是would)主語(yǔ)+ should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.If it were to rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting.If he shoul

3、d not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next Monday.1. 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句（混合條件句）主句與從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不同的時(shí)間，這是主從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式因時(shí)間不同而不同。 If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.1. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣倒裝形式（省略if）虛擬條件句的從句部分如果含有were, should,

4、 had可以將if省略再把上述這些詞移到句首實(shí)行倒裝。If I were at school again, I would study harder. Were I at school again, I would study harder.If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus.If it should rain, the crops would be saved. Should it rain, the crops would be sav

5、ed.注：在倒裝時(shí)，不能有縮略形式：Werent it for the expense (*) Were it not for the expense2. 介詞短語(yǔ)代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句常用詞：with, but for, withoutWhat would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars)We couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (=if we hadnt got your help)Without your hel

6、p, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time. = But for your help, = If it had not been for your help, = Had it not been for you help, 3. 含蓄條件句有在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而是通過(guò)其他手段來(lái)代替條件句。如：I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting. (副詞)He telephoned to inform me of

7、your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. (連詞)A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days. (定語(yǔ)從句)I might have given you more help, but I was too busy. (連詞)Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly. (獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))二 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句1. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣

8、用于賓語(yǔ)從句：在由suggest, demand, require, request, insist, order, command, propose等表示建議、請(qǐng)求、命令、愿望等動(dòng)詞或其同根詞引出的名詞從句中，名詞從句虛擬句的謂語(yǔ)變化的形式只有一條規(guī)律名詞從句虛擬句無(wú)論其主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)何種形式，從句的謂語(yǔ)形式均為should+動(dòng)詞原形，其中should可以省去。（特別提醒：不是用would,而是用should。）常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有: ask要求, advise, beg, suggest建議, command命令, demand要求，request請(qǐng)求, insist, require要求,

9、 order下令, propose, advice, recommend, intend, prefer寧愿, permit, persuade, expect, decide決定, instruct, object, determine, urge, appoint等等Our teacher suggested that we (should) not leave the classroom. 老師建議我們不要離開(kāi)教室。He insisted that she do it right now. 他堅(jiān)持她馬上就做。在It is/was +上述動(dòng)詞的-ed形式+that從句中It is sugg

10、ested by the doctor that I should give up smoking. 醫(yī)生建議我戒煙。當(dāng)上述動(dòng)詞以其名詞形式出現(xiàn)，并且被用作主語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句或者同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)My suggestion is that we (should) set out tomorrow morning. 我建議我們明早動(dòng)身。The suggestion that the sports meeting (should) put off 2. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于主語(yǔ)從句：在a pity, a shame, no wonder, strange, sorry, necessary, natural

11、, impossible, important后面that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句總要使用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可以被省略，表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等含義。在It is /was necessary, important等形容詞+that從句中，常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)形容詞有:necessary, important, essential, vital, advisable, urgent, desirable, natural, strange, imperative等It is necessary that you should attend the meeting. 你有必要參加會(huì)議。I

12、t is imperative that you arrive there in time. 你必須按時(shí)到達(dá)那兒。在It is a pity (a shame, no wonder)+that從句中It is a pity that you fail the exam.It is no wonder he be late for class.3. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于表語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句，從句中同樣使用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。這些名詞有advice, demand, plan, eida, order, request, proposal, suggestion等。We all

13、agreed to his suggestion that we should go to Beijing for sightseeing.My idea is that we should do exercises first.三 虛擬語(yǔ)氣的其他用法（接第8頁(yè)33題）34. A few minutes earlier and we _ the train.A. have caught B. had caughtC. could have caught D. were to catch35. I _ you some money, but I hadnt any on me then.A. w

14、ould lend B. would have lentC. could lend D. may have lent36. She made the demand that she _ at once.A. leave B. leaves C. left D. to be left37. The young man insisted that he_ nothing wrong and _ free.A. did, set B. had done, should be setC. do, be set D. had done, must be set38. _ I be free tomorr

15、ow, I could go with you.A. Could B. Should C. Might D. Must在wish后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)I wish I were a little younger.我希望我能夠年輕一點(diǎn)。對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)(had done)或“would/could+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”I wish I had been there. 我真希望我當(dāng)時(shí)在那里。I wish I had not attended that party. 我真希望我當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)參加那個(gè)聚會(huì)。對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬，從句的謂語(yǔ)用“would/could+動(dòng)詞原

16、形”I wish he could explain what he means.在if only感嘆句中表示“但愿”，“要是就好了”用法和wish基本相同，只是比wish具有更強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩。If only the rain would stop. (對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬)但愿雨能停。If only I were taller. (對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬)我的個(gè)子要是能高一點(diǎn)就好了。If only I had followed your advice! (對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬)要是我聽(tīng)從了你的建議就好了！在as if/as though引導(dǎo)的從句中表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有所懷疑，謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去時(shí)I really d

17、ont like the way you are speaking to me. It seems as if you were my father. 我真的非常討厭你和我說(shuō)話的方式。你聽(tīng)起來(lái)就好像是我爸爸。表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)He kept telling us what had happened as if he had been there himself. 他不停地和我們講發(fā)生的事情，好像他當(dāng)時(shí)在場(chǎng)一樣。有時(shí)也用陳述語(yǔ)氣，這時(shí)表示較大的真實(shí)性或可能性It is becoming dark. It looks as if its going to rain. 天變黑了，似

18、乎就要下雨了。It seems as if he had been to America. 他好像去過(guò)美國(guó)。在would rather結(jié)構(gòu)中would rather do sth. 表示將來(lái)或現(xiàn)在的事件，“主語(yǔ)寧愿自己做某事”I would rather go there tomorrow. 我想明天去那里。He would rather not stay at home tonight. 他今晚不想在家呆著。would rather have done sth. 表示過(guò)去的事件，“主語(yǔ)寧愿自己過(guò)去做了某事，但實(shí)際上沒(méi)有做”She would rather not have gone to t

19、he party. 她覺(jué)得真是不該去參加那個(gè)晚會(huì)。would rather sb.did 表示的是將來(lái)或現(xiàn)在的事件，“主語(yǔ)寧愿讓另外一個(gè)人做某事” Dont come tomorrow. Id rather you came next weekend. 明天就別來(lái)了，我希望你下周末過(guò)來(lái)。would rather sb. had done 表示過(guò)去的事件，“主語(yǔ)寧愿別人過(guò)去做了某事，但實(shí)際上沒(méi)有做” I would rather you had returned the book yesterday. 我真希望你昨天把這本書(shū)還了。在 It is (about, high) time+(that)

20、從句中從句中用過(guò)去時(shí)，表示早該做而未做的事，并含有建議的意味。It is high time that we began to work. 咱們應(yīng)該開(kāi)始干活了。虛擬語(yǔ)氣精練習(xí)題學(xué)案 Part One1. He ought to have handed in his homework early this morning. Thats what he _.A. should be doing B. should doC. should have done D. would2. Mr. White had never thought that their only son _ sell drugs

21、 and be sent to _ prison. A. should. / B. should.the C. would., theD. could/3. His order is that everyone _ their own work in time. A. completedB. must completeC. completesD. complete4. I wish you _ the college entrance examination. A. passedB. had passed C. should passD. have passed5. _ for your he

22、lp, we might have lost our ways in the forest. A. Were it not B. Had it not been C. Had it beenD. Were it 6. She is in such deep sorrow at the sad news. You_ her about it so soon. A. mustnt have toldB. shouldnt have told C. mustnt tell D. shouldnt tell7. What did your English teacher suggest to you?

23、 He suggested that I _ speaking English with my classmates from time to time.A. should have practicedB. practiseC. practiced D. would practise8. Did you see the basketball game last night?No, I _ to have seen it, but I was busy then.A. had liked B. would likeC. likedD. like9. Youre very selfish. Its

24、 high time you _ that you _ not the person for the job A. do realize are B. realizedare C. realizeare D. realizedwere10. We _ last night, but we went to the concert instead. A. must have studiedB. might study C. should have studiedD. would study11. The city government orders that a medical team _ to

25、 the front at once. A. was sentB. ought to send C. be sent D. would be sent12. If you had seen him last time, you _ what to do now. A. would have known B. should have known C. would knowD. may know13. What should we do _ tomorrow? A. should it snow B. would it snow C. snow D. will snow14. Li Ping is

26、 waiting alone in the reading-room, you _ her yesterday about the matter. A. ought to tell B. must have told C. ought to have told D. should tell15. It is essential that ways and means to protect the environment _as soon as possible. A. be adopted B. have be adopted C. will be adopted D. will adopt1

27、6. Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now. A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been17. It is of the most importance that you _here on time. A. be B. would be C. must be D. are to be 18. How about a trip to London? _the expense, I _go.A. If it were notshould B. Were it not for would

28、C. Werent it ifwould D. If it hadnt been for could19. _ your arrival, Id have met you at the railway station. A. If I knowB. Should I know C. If I had known D. If I know 20. Our demand is that another experiment _. A. shall be made B. will be made C. must be made D. be made21. You _ me earlier if yo

29、u did not like your house bought last month. A. would tell B. had told C. told D. would have told22. It is not likely that Jack is unfriendly, so he _ you when you called. A. should not have seen B. had not seen C. could not have seen D. did not seen23. But for the doctors, the patients _A. did not

30、recover wellB. had not well recoveredC. has not recovered so wellD. would not have recovered so well24. Had it been a meaningful meeting, I _ it at all. A. wouldnt have missed B. would have missedC. would have missed D. wouldnt miss25. When I took the dictionary back to Maria, she said coldly, “ You

31、 _ it earlier, for I _ it at any time.”A. should have returnedmight useB. should returnmight have usedC. could have returnedmight have usedD. might returnmight have used26. I _ to go to your help, but I had to _an important meeting.A. have planned have attended B. had planned attendC. plannedhave at

32、tended D. planned be attending27. He _ the 5:30 train because he didnt leave until 5:35. A. mustnt have caught B. could not have caught C. cant have caught D. mustnt catch 28. Father insisted that _ before nine in the evening. A. they should back B. they ought to be back C. they be back D. they had

33、to be back 29. He _ full marks, but he was so careless _ a spelling mistake.A. could gain to makeB. could have gained to make C. should have gained and be madeD. could have gainedas to make30. You shouldnt have asked the boy to run across the street to buy cigarettes, he _ by a passing car.A. maybe

34、knocked downB. should have been knocked offC. might have been knocked downD. will have been knocked downPart Two1. If she had worked harder, she_.A. would succeed B. had succeededC. should succeed D. would have succeeded2. I wish I_ you yesterday. A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see3. If m

35、y lawyer_ here last Saturday, he_ me from going.A. had been, would have prevented B. had been. would preventC. were, would prevent D. were, would have prevented4. Without electricity human life_ quite different today.A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be5. If he_, he_ that food. Luckily he

36、 was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned, would not takeB. had been warned, would not have takenC. would be warned, had not takenD. would have been warned, had not taken6. I told Sally how to get there, but perhaps 1 _ for her.A. had to write it out B. must have written it outC. should ha

37、ve written it out D. ought to write it out7. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother.A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come8. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken9. You di

38、dnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _so tired.A. drove, didnt get B. drove, wouldnt getC. were driving, wouldnt D. had driven, wouldnt have got10. If I had_, Id visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting places.A. a long enough holiday B. an enough long holidayC. a holiday enough long D.

39、 a long holiday enough11. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years.A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been12. _it rain tomorrow, we have to put off the visit to Yangpu Bridge.A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will13. Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at ni

40、ght _, too cold for us to live.A. would be freezing B. will be freezingC. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly14. If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie15. We could have gone there by bus. Yes, otherwise we _ late.

41、A. werent B. hadnt been C. couldnt be D. couldnt have been16. The teacher demanded that the exam_ before eleven.A. must finish B. would be finishedC. be finished D. must be finished17. I wouldnt have succeeded_ for his help then.A. hadnt it been B. were it notC. had it been not D. had it not been18.

42、 If it _for the snow, we _ the mountain yesterday.A. were not, could have climbedB. were not. could climbC. had not been, could have climbedD. had not been, could climb19. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she_ something she would regret later.A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said20. Id rather he_