環(huán)境污染物與食品安全(1)

1、. .1 1 Environmental pollutant Food safety Yuan Lei 11513026 . .2 2 What is environmental pollutant Adverse effects of the decline in the quality of human beings and other living beings caused by human activities Biological factor Chemistry factor Physical factor Gas Water Soil . .3 3 . .4 4 Feature

2、s of pollutant Great variety Low concentration Great harm Last long . .5 5 Pollutant and food safety A vital factor which impact on food safety Gas pollutant Harmful gas SO2、CO、 hydrocarbons Particulate matterdust、 acid mist 、 haze Water pollutant Inorganic toxicheavy metal、 cyanide Organic toxicphe

3、nol、 pesticides Pathogenvirus、 parasite Soil pollutant . .6 6 Gas Pollutant and food safety Source Fuel consumption, industrial production and transportation . .7 7 Acid rain Definition： acid precipitation , pH5.65。 Source：SO2和 NOX Sulfuric acid, nitric acid Harm Danger to plants and animals Poor ha

4、rvest Bad quality of water . .8 8 Dioxins Source Burning of organic chemicals and garbage which containing Cl Harm Highly toxic 、 carcinogenic Difficult to degrade, half life in body is 7 years. . .9 9 3,4 benzopyrene Source Burning of Coal, gasoline, cigarette Harm Carcinogenic, mutagenic . .1010 W

5、ater Pollutant and food safety Definition Pollutants go into rivers, lakes, oceans, change the biological properties or communities, thereby reducing the water use value. Source Industrial waste ：77% Domestic waste ：23% . .1111 Phenolic pollutants Source Manufacturing of gas, coke, plastics, chemica

6、l fiber Property Make the protein coagulation Toxic effect to all living things . .1212 Phenolic pollutants . .1313 Harm Harm to Fish ,microorganisms, crops 0.10 .2 mg/L, fish can not be eat 6.59.3 mg/L, damage fish gills and pharynx, lead to abdominal bleeding Higher than 100 mg/L, causing crops wi

7、thered Vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, dizziness . .1414 Cyanide pollutants Source Industrial sewage , electroplating, coking, gas, metallurgy, petrochemical Harm Highly toxic Inhibition of enzyme activity Inhibit the biological respiration Central nervous system suppression . .1515 Soil Pollu

8、tant and food safety Definition Harmful substances produced by human activities into the soil, when its content exceeds the soil itself self-purification capacity, soil composition and the nature change, reducing the quality of crop yields, and endanger human health. . .1616 Source Industrial waste,

9、 chemical pesticides, biological pathogens . .1717 Main Pollutants Phenolic pollutants and Cyanide pollutants Heavy Metal mercury, arsenic, cadmium, chromium Sludge, waste . .1818 Heavy Metal Pollutants Property Fixed to the soil in the form of Hydroxides, sulfates, sulfides, carbonates or phosphate

10、s Difficult to migrate, continue to accumulate, show harm when to some extent High Soil residual rate, 90% Do not disappear, long half-life . .1919 Mercury Source： Industrial waste, pesticides, waste batteries Toxicity Alkyl mercury divalent mercury elemental mercury . .2020 Harm Low dosagethrough f

11、eces, urine, sweat, no harm High dosage Acute poisoning Long time intake Minamata disease Harm to nervous system and organs . .2121 Limits Aquatic products 0.3mg/kg； Meat、egg、oil 0.05mg/kg Grain 0.02mg/kg Vegetable and fruit 0.01mg/kg . .2222 Pb Source Pb compounds used in industrial and agricultura

12、l Pesticides, paints, pigments Food containers, pipes, equipment . .2323 Harm Acute poisoning Nausea, vomiting, constipation, headache, dizziness, pale skin Subacute poisoning Nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea, abdominal cramps; enlargement of the liver Chronic poisoning Peripheral neuritis, anemia, Liver and kidney damage . .2424 Limits Beans 0.1mg/kg Meat 0.5mg/kg Grain 0.4 mg/kg Vegetable and fruit 0.2mg/kg . .2525 Cadmium Source Cadmium pollutants Food container Harm Accumulate in kidney and other organs Precipitation o