新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)三unit

1、Text Text 1 he painting Girl with a Pearl Earring is one of the greatest works by the Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer, and one of the best loved paintings in the world. It shows a striking young woman wearing an exotic costume and a turban, peering over her shoulder straight out at the viewer. Set ag

2、ainst a dark and unspecified background, our eyes are drawn to her pearl earring, the focal point of the painting. The mystery of Girl with a Pearl Earring But after more than a century of study, the work poses some fascinating questions. Who is the young woman? Is the painting a portrait of a real

3、person, or a sitter representing more general attributes of womanhood? How old is she meant to be? Is the pearl real? Whats the significance of the turban? What is she thinking as she stares out at us? Text Text 2 In general, very little is known about Vermeer. We know he was born in 1632, spent his

4、 entire life in Delft, and died in 1675. We know his work includes paintings of religious and mythological themes, domestic interiors and landscapes. He never seems to have been wealthy, perhaps because he produced relatively few paintings. His other well-known works include Girl Reading a Letter at

5、 an Open Window, and Woman with Water Jug. Text 3 We also know that although he came from a Protestant family, he married a Catholic girl Catharina, who insisted that he convert to Catholicism before they married and had 14 children. 4 As far as the Girl with a Pearl Earring is concerned, it seems t

6、hat it wasnt meant to be a portrait, but a study of expressions, facial characteristics or other interesting features. Its true that the girls face would probably not be considered beautiful in a conventional sense. If it had been a portrait, a painter would have worked harder to convey the sitters

7、beauty, even if it meant slightly distorting the truth! This kind of study was popular in Holland at the time, and would have been easy to sell. Text We dont know, however, if this painting was ever sold during Vermeers lifetime. We dont even know if it was commissioned by Vermeers patron, van Ruijv

8、en. If so, the model might have been one of his daughters who was about the same age as the sitter. We know less about the Girl with the Pearl Earring than any of Vermeers works. Indeed, the unexplainable lack of background information may even contribute to the worldwide popularity the painting enj

9、oys. Text 5 With so much mystery, the painting has been the theme of first, a novel and later, a film, both of which attempt to answer some of the questions about the painting, as well as one, which is immediately more appropriate to the medium of the novel or the film: Are her wide eyes and enigmat

10、ic half-smile innocent or seductive? Text 6 Tracy Chevaliers novel, published in 1999, tells us the story of Griet, a 16-year-old Dutch girl who needs to start work in order to support her family. She becomes a maid in Vermeers household, with its five children, grandmother, a long-time servant, and

11、 Catharina, Vermeers volatile wife. While Griet goes about her duties, she attracts the attention not only of a butchers boy, Pieter, but also of the painter himself. Despite their different backgrounds and class, he invites her into his studio and engages her in his world. Text 7 At first Griet mer

12、ely runs errands and performs tasks for Vermeer. But gradually, his relationship with her changes. Vermeer recognizes Griet as having visual talent and artistic promise, and takes her on as his studio assistant. Griet is wary of her position in the Vermeer household but revels in being encouraged to

13、 develop her skills. Text Her role is to grind paints and develop the colours which Vermeer will use for his paintings and when a model falls ill, she takes her place. Catharina has long been forbidden to enter the studio, so the apprenticeship takes place in secret. Griet and Vermeer grow closer, a

14、lthough their feelings are never stated explicitly. Text 8 But then Vermeers patron, the wealthy van Ruijven, who is attracted by Griet, insists that the maid and he be the subjects of Vermeers next commissioned work. Griet and Vermeer are reluctant to agree because of her strict modesty and the sca

15、ndal caused by the last occasion van Ruijven was painted with a young woman. Eventually, Vermeer compromises and agrees to paint Griet on her own, wearing Catharinas pearl earrings. But while he is painting her, Vermeer sees Griets hair, which takes some of her modesty away and, deeply embarrassed,

16、she runs to Pieter for comfort. Text 9 One day Vermeers daughter discovers that Griet has been modelling for her father, and tells her mother. Filled with jealousy, Catharina storms into the studio and demands to see the painting. Griet is embarrassed when Vermeer accuses Catharina of not understand

17、ing art, and decides to leave the Vermeer household. Text 10 Ten years later we understand that Griet has married Pieter, and has had children with him. In the meantime, Vermeer has died and in his will, has left the earrings to Griet. She sells them to settle the debt due to the Vermeers by the but

18、chers shop when Griet and Pieter got married. Text 11 Tracy Chevaliers talent was to bring to life for modern readers the story of a young woman in a small city many centuries ago, and above all, to speculate on the answers to some of the questions which the painting provokes. Text 12 The novel was

19、a best-seller, and consequently was made into a film of the same name in 2003. Vermeer was played by Colin Firth, and Griet by Scarlett Johannson. The film shows very effectively the tension between the two when Vermeer pierces Griets earlobes so she can wear his wifes pearl earrings for the portrai

20、t commissioned by his patron. It ends with a scene not described in the novel, with the pearl earrings being mysteriously delivered to Griet, and were left wondering if she ever marries Pieter. Text 13 The painting can be found in the Mauritshuis Museum in The Hague, Holland. It has been described a

21、s the Mona Lisa of the north, precisely because, like Leonardo da Vincis painting, now in Paris, it appears to be a simple likeness of a woman with an enigmatic smile, yet which contains levels of meanings and questions. The fact that a single painting can generate a thoroughly rewarding novel and a

22、 well-composed film demonstrates our fascination in the mystery of the Girl with a Pearl Earring. 戴珍珠耳環(huán)的少女戴珍珠耳環(huán)的少女之謎之謎 1 戴珍珠耳環(huán)的少女是荷蘭畫家約翰尼斯維梅 爾最偉大的作品之一，也是世界上最受歡迎的畫作之一。 畫里有一位引人注目的年輕女子，身穿異國(guó)服飾，戴著頭 巾，她側(cè)身回眸，望著欣賞畫作的觀眾。畫面的背景一片 漆黑，我們的視線被吸引到女子所佩戴的珍珠耳環(huán)上，那 耳環(huán)也是整幅畫的焦點(diǎn)。 Text 這幅畫在被世人研究了一個(gè)多世紀(jì)后，仍然留存著一些 饒有趣味的問(wèn)題待人們解答。

23、那位年輕女子是誰(shuí)？這幅畫 到底是一幅真人肖像畫，還是一幅表現(xiàn)女人普遍特征的模 特畫？她有多大年紀(jì)？那顆珍珠是真的嗎？她戴的頭巾有 什么特殊含義嗎？她回眸看著我們的時(shí)候到底在想些什么？ Text 2 總的來(lái)說(shuō)，有關(guān)維梅爾的記載很少。我們知道他 出生于1632年，一輩子都住在代爾夫特，于1675年逝世。 我們知道他的畫作包括宗教及神話題材的畫，室內(nèi)家居畫 以及風(fēng)景畫。他好像從來(lái)沒(méi)富有過(guò)，可能是因?yàn)樽髌废鄬?duì) 較少的緣故。他的其他名畫包括在窗前讀信的女孩和 拿著水罐的女人。 Text 3 我們還知道，雖然他來(lái)自于一個(gè)新教家庭，卻娶 了一位信仰天主教的女孩凱瑟琳娜，凱瑟琳娜堅(jiān)持要他改 信天主教，然后才肯

24、跟他結(jié)婚，婚后他們育有14個(gè)孩子。 4 戴珍珠耳環(huán)的少女這幅畫似乎不是被當(dāng)作肖像 畫來(lái)畫的，而是一幅表現(xiàn)人物表情、面部特征，以及其他 一些特點(diǎn)的習(xí)作。的確，少女的那張臉在傳統(tǒng)意義上或許 算不上漂亮。如果是一幅肖像畫，畫家會(huì)花更多的力氣來(lái) 表現(xiàn)被畫者的美貌，即便那么做會(huì)有些背離事實(shí)！這種肖 像畫當(dāng)時(shí)在荷蘭很流行，而且可能也更容易出售。 Text 然而，我們并不知道這幅畫在維梅爾生前是否賣出去過(guò)。 我們甚至不清楚它是不是維梅爾的資助人范魯文的委托 之作。如果是的話，畫中的模特有可能是維梅爾的一個(gè)年 齡相仿的女兒。我們對(duì)戴珍珠耳環(huán)的少女的了解比對(duì) 維梅爾的其他作品都少。實(shí)際上，這種無(wú)法解釋的背景資

25、料的缺失甚至?xí)沟迷摦嫺軞g迎。 Text 5 正因?yàn)槿绱松衩?，這幅畫先是成了一部小說(shuō)的主 題，而后又被一部電影所采納。它們都試圖揭開(kāi)有關(guān)這幅 畫的一些謎題，其中一個(gè)是：女孩那雙睜得大大的眼睛， 以及那一絲神秘的微笑，到底是天真還是誘惑？像小說(shuō)或 電影這類媒介更適合作出回答。 Text 6 崔西雪佛蘭于1999年出版的小說(shuō)向我們講述了 一位16歲的荷蘭女孩格里特的故事。她必須去工作來(lái)養(yǎng)活 家人，于是成了維梅爾家的一名女仆，和維梅爾的五個(gè)孩 子、一位老傭人以及他喜怒無(wú)常的妻子凱瑟琳娜生活在一 起。在他家干活的時(shí)候，格里特不僅被一個(gè)屠夫的兒子彼 得看上了，也引起了畫家本人的注意。盡管他們有著不同

26、的背景，隸屬于不同的階級(jí)，但維梅爾還是邀她進(jìn)畫室， 并讓她走入自己的世界。 Text 7 起初，格里特只是幫維梅爾跑跑腿，干些雜活。 可漸漸地，他們的關(guān)系發(fā)生了變化。維梅爾發(fā)現(xiàn)了格里特 的視覺(jué)才能和藝術(shù)潛質(zhì)，開(kāi)始讓她做畫室助手。格里特清 楚自己在維梅爾家的地位，一直謹(jǐn)小慎微，但她還是對(duì)畫 家鼓勵(lì)她學(xué)習(xí)繪畫技巧而感到高興。 Text 她的工作是幫維梅爾磨顏料、調(diào)顏色，有模特生病的時(shí) 候，她擔(dān)當(dāng)模特之職。凱瑟琳娜很久之前就被禁止進(jìn)入畫 室了，所以格里特的學(xué)徒生涯是在秘密中進(jìn)行的。格里特 和維梅爾的關(guān)系日見(jiàn)親密，雖然他們之間的感情從未被挑 明過(guò)。 Text 8 可是，維梅爾的那位有錢的資助人范魯文喜

27、歡 上了格里特，他堅(jiān)持要維梅爾在他定的下一幅畫里為他和 格里特畫張雙人像。格里特和維梅爾都不情愿，因?yàn)楦窭?特本人很矜持莊重，還因?yàn)榉遏斘淖罱鸵晃荒贻p女子 一起畫像時(shí)傳出了緋聞。最終，維梅爾作了一點(diǎn)妥協(xié)，他 答應(yīng)為格里特畫一幅單人像，并讓她戴上凱瑟琳娜的珍珠 耳環(huán)。作畫的時(shí)候，維梅爾看著格里特的頭發(fā)，那一頭秀 發(fā)讓她少了幾分矜持莊重，格里特為此感到十分難堪，跑 到彼得那里尋求安慰。 Text 9 一天，維梅爾的女兒發(fā)現(xiàn)格里特在給他父親當(dāng)模 特，就把這事告訴了她媽媽。凱瑟琳娜頓生醋意，沖進(jìn)畫 室，要求看那幅畫。維梅爾則指責(zé)凱瑟琳娜不懂藝術(shù)，此 時(shí)的格里特處境很尷尬，她決定離開(kāi)維梅爾家。 Tex

28、t 10 我們知道，十年后格里特嫁給了彼得，還為他生了孩 子。同時(shí)，維梅爾也去世了。他在遺囑里把珍珠耳環(huán)留給 了格里特。在與彼得結(jié)婚時(shí)，格里特把珍珠耳環(huán)賣了，用 來(lái)償還彼得家的肉鋪欠維梅爾的債。 Text 11 崔西雪佛蘭的才華在于她把幾個(gè)世紀(jì)前一位生 活在小城市的年輕女子的故事栩栩如生地展現(xiàn)在了現(xiàn)代讀 者的眼前；最重要的是，她對(duì)于那幅畫所引發(fā)的某些問(wèn)題 給出了自己的思考。 Text 12 這本小說(shuō)很暢銷，所以在2003年被改編成了同名 電影。維梅爾由科林弗思扮演，格里特由斯嘉麗約翰 松扮演。電影在描述維梅爾為格里特穿耳洞，為了讓她戴 上他妻子的珍珠耳環(huán)，然后來(lái)畫那位資助人要的畫時(shí)，非 常到位

29、地表現(xiàn)出他倆之間的緊張狀態(tài)。電影的結(jié)尾是小說(shuō) 里沒(méi)有的，那副珍珠耳環(huán)被神秘地送到了格里特的手中， 至于她是否會(huì)嫁給彼得，電影留下了懸念。 Text 13 這幅畫現(xiàn)在收藏于荷蘭海牙的莫瑞泰斯皇家美術(shù) 館。正是因?yàn)樗瘳F(xiàn)館藏于巴黎的列奧納多達(dá)芬奇的 畫作一樣，畫了一位面帶神秘微笑的女人，那微笑蘊(yùn)藏著 多層意義和疑問(wèn)，它被譽(yù)為北方的蒙娜麗莎。僅僅一 幅畫就催生了一部備受推崇的小說(shuō)，以及一部制作精良的 影片，這說(shuō)明了戴珍珠耳環(huán)的少女之謎的巨大魅力。 Text Words now she buds into womanhood. 我離開(kāi)家時(shí)她還是個(gè)小女孩, 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是成年女子了。 Words the p

30、osition of apprentice 當(dāng)學(xué)徒；學(xué)徒的身份 e.g. 1. He served his apprenticeship with a tailor. 他曾跟一個(gè)裁縫當(dāng)過(guò)學(xué)徒。 2. Apprenticeship is the most traditional way of vocational education. 學(xué)徒制度是世界上最古老的職業(yè)教育形式。 3. After his apprenticeship he worked for Joe Manton, the greatest gunsmith in England and a legend in his own l

31、ifetime. 學(xué)徒期滿后，詹姆士為英國(guó)最偉大的造槍巨子及其所在 時(shí)代的一個(gè)傳奇人物喬曼頓工作。 Word family: apprentice apprentice n. C 學(xué)徒，徒弟 Words completely 仔細(xì)地；認(rèn)真地；徹底地 e.g. They determined to inquire thoroughly into the matter. 他們決定徹底調(diào)查這件事。 Word family: thoroughthorough a. Words & Phrases as far as sthas far as sth. . is concerned is concern

32、ed: : used for saying which thing you are talking about 就某事而言 e.g. As far as traffic is concerned there are no delays at the moment. 交通方面目前沒(méi)有造成延誤。 as far as sas far as sb.b. is concerned is concerned: : used when you are giving your opinion about sth., especially when this may be different from othe

33、r peoples opinions e.g. As far as Americans are concerned, a lot of our hotels are below average. 在美國(guó)人看來(lái)，我們的旅館很多都達(dá)不到普通標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 Words & Phrases run an errandrun an errand: : if you run an errand for someone, you do or get something for them, usually by making a short trip somewhere 跑腿 e.g. 1. He used to r

34、un errands for his boss. 他過(guò)去時(shí)常為老板跑腿。 2. If an errand had to be run, he was always the first volunteer. 如果有什么差事要跑腿的話，他總是第一個(gè)自告奮勇。 See also: erranderrand. Words & Phrases take (sbtake (sb. .) on) on: : start to employ someone 開(kāi)始雇 用 e.g. 1. We are taking on 500 new staff this year. 我們今年要雇傭500名新員工。 2. We

35、re not taking on any new staff at the moment. 我們目前不進(jìn)人。 Words & Phrases storm into / out: storm into / out: go somewhere very quickly because you are angry or upset 氣沖沖地去某處 e.g. 1. Mother stormed into the room. 媽媽氣沖沖地進(jìn)了房間。 2. He stormed out of the house and slammed the door. 他氣沖沖地走出房間，“砰”地關(guān)上了門。 Words

36、 & Phrases bring sth. to life:bring sth. to life: 使某事物生動(dòng)有趣 e.g. 1. His novels bring to life the Victorian age. 他的小說(shuō)把維多利亞時(shí)代的生活寫活了。 2. A preeminent actor can bring a fictional character to life. 一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的演員能把虛擬的人物演得有聲有色。 Words & Phrases Johannes VermeerJohannes Vermeer 約翰尼斯維梅爾（1632-1675，荷蘭畫家） Words & Phra

37、ses Johannes Vermeer is one of the great painters of the Dutch Golden Age (the 17th century) when Holland became a world centre for trade, science and art. Vermeer probably had a patron who bought the paintings he produced and he himself was an art dealer and appraiser of paintings. But when he died

38、 he left his wife and children with large debts. Only a few paintings, between 34 and 36, can be attributed to him with certainty and most of these are world-famous. His work is known for its great balance and simplicity of design, its masterly use of light and colour harmonies, particularly the use

39、 of blues and yellows. Words & Phrases Girl Reading a Letter at an Open Window Woman with Water Jug DelftDelft 代 爾夫特（荷蘭城市） Delft is a university city with over 700 years of history located between Rotterdam and The Hague. It is world-famous for its pottery and porcelain, e s p e c i a l l y t h e b

40、l u e c e r a m i c s w h i c h w e r e o r i g i n a l l y m a d e i n imitation of Chinese porcelain. In Vermeers t i m e , D e l f t h a d a population of over 25,000 people and it was an important trading centre. Words & Phrases CatharinaCatharina 凱瑟琳娜（人名） It is the Name of Johannes Vermeers wif

41、e. Words & Phrases van Ruijvenvan Ruijven 范魯文（人名） It is the Name of Johannes Vermeers patron. Words & Phrases Tracy ChevalierTracy Chevalier 崔西雪佛蘭（1962-，作家，出生于美國(guó)華盛頓，后遷居 英格蘭） Words & Phrases Tracy Chevalier was born in 1 9 6 2 a n d g r e w u p i n Washington, DC. She was a reference book editor for

42、several years before turning to writing full-time. Her second novel, Girl with a Pearl Earring, won the Barnes and Noble Discover Award. It has sold almost 4 million copies worldwide. GrietGriet 格里特（人名） Words & Phrases It is the name of the h e r o i n e i n T r a c y Chevaliers novel, Girl with a P

43、earl Earring. PieterPieter 彼得（人名） Words & Phrases It is the name of a character in Tracy Chevaliers novel, Girl with a Pearl Earring, the son of a butcher, and also the boy friend of the heroine, Griet. Colin FirthColin Firth 科 林弗思（英國(guó)男演員） Words & Phrases Colin Firth (born 10 September 1960) gained w

44、ide public attention in the 1990s for his portrayal of Mr. Darcy in the 1995 television adaptation of Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice. In 2011, Firth received the Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of King George VI in The Kings Speech for Best Actor. He received a star on the Hollywood

45、 Walk of Fame in 2011. Scarlett JohannsonScarlett Johannson 斯嘉麗約翰松（美國(guó)女演員） Words & Phrases Scarlett Johansson (born November 22, 1984) is an American actress and singer. Johansson made her film debut in 1994 and rose to fame with her role in 1998s The Horse Whisperer. She transitioned to a d u l t r

46、o l e s w i t h h e r performances in Girl with a Pearl Earring and Lost in Translation. Mauritshuis MuseumMauritshuis Museum 莫瑞泰斯皇家美術(shù)館（荷蘭） Words & Phrases Mauritshuis Museum, in The Hague, Holland, is in a 17th-century palace in the heart of the city with a world- famous collection of 800 paintings

47、 and other works, especially Dutch paintings of Vermeer, Rembrandt, Steen and Hals. The Hague The Hague 海牙（荷蘭政府和議會(huì) 所在地，全國(guó)第三大城市） Words & Phrases The Hague is the third largest c i t y i n t h e Netherlands, and the seat of government, although its not the capital of the country. Mona Lisa Mona Lisa 蒙

48、娜麗莎（達(dá)芬奇的名畫） Words & Phrases Mona Lisa is a 16th-century portrait painted in oil on a poplar panel by Leonardo da Vinci during the Renaissance in Florence, Italy. The work is currently owned by the Government of France and is on display at the Muse du Louvre in Paris under the title Portrait of Lisa

49、Gherardini, wife of Francesco del Giocondo. Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci 列奧納多達(dá)芬奇（1452-1519，意大 利 畫家、雕塑家、發(fā)明家、醫(yī)學(xué)家、生物學(xué) 家） Leonardo da Vinci, an Italian artist, was one of the major figures of the Italian Renaissance, known now as a painter but was also an architect, i n v e n t o r , s c i e n t

50、i s t , Words & Phrases anatomist, engineer, mathematician and musician. He did many drawings but actually completed only around 30 paintings which are among the most famous in the world. He is best-known for his works The Last Supper and Mona Lisa. The mystery of The mystery of Girl with a Pearl Gi

51、rl with a Pearl EarringEarring Language Points In the Girl with a Pearl Earring, the unknown girl is turning her head to look over her shoulder at the viewer of the painting. So this seems to draw us into the painting as if we have just made her look round. She seems to expect something or be about

52、to say something, but we have no idea what it is. Language Points Dutch girls at that time did not generally wear turbans, so this painting is thought to be a study to represent a Turkish or exotic oriental type of head. The turban has typical Vermeer highlights and the pearl as the focus of the pai

53、nting apparently has only two brushstrokes to show the reflected light. 戴珍珠耳環(huán)的少女之謎 翻譯：翻譯： We know his work includes paintings of religious and mythological themes, domestic We know his work includes paintings of religious and mythological themes, domestic interiors and eriors and lands

54、capes. Domestic interiors are the inside of households withthe rooms, furniture and decorations. Landscapes are paintings of an area of land, showingthe scenery sometimes with people but the focusmostly on nature. 我們知道他的畫作包括宗教及神話題材的畫，室內(nèi)家 居畫以及風(fēng)景畫。 Language Points 翻譯：翻譯： Language Points While Griet goes about her d