河南原陽一中2017 2018上期高中地理人教必修1課件43河流地貌的發(fā)育21張第一課時

1、英語句子的種類,簡單句,simple sentence,并列句,compound sentence,復(fù)合句,complex sentence,英語句子概論,簡單句的五種,基本,句型,The weather,is,very cold,主語,謂語（連系動詞,表語,He,laughed,主語,謂語,vi,I,like,Chinese food,主語,謂語,vt.),賓語,She,taught,them,physics,主語,謂語,vt.),間接賓語,直接賓語,We must keep the room,warm,主語,謂語,vt.),賓語,賓語補足語,并列句,把兩個或幾個簡單句用,并列連詞,連接起來

2、,I turned on the TV,My sister and I watched it,I turned on the TV,and,my sister and I watched it,I bought my sister a present. She didn,t like it,I bought my sister a present,but,she didn,t like it,并列句,并列句,常用并列連詞,平行,并列連詞,轉(zhuǎn)折,并列連詞,因果,并列連詞,選擇,并列連詞,and, bothand, not only but also,neithernor,but, however

3、, while, yet,or,eitheror,for, so,復(fù)合句,主句,從句,名詞,性從句,定語從句,狀語從句,1.The boy,who is standing over there,is Tom,2.Because it is raining,we have to stay,at home,定語從句,狀語從句,3.I know,that) he is from America,賓語從句,名詞,性從句,Noun Clauses,名詞性從句,Subject Clause,主語從句,Appositive Clause,同位語從句,Object Clause,賓語從句,Predicativ

4、e Clause,表語從句,名詞性從句在功能上相當于名詞,在復(fù)合句,中能擔任,主語、賓語、表語、同位語,等,主語,His job,is important,What he does,is important,表語,This is,his job,This is,what he does every day,賓語,I don,t like,his job,I don,t like,what he does every day,同位語,I don,t know about the man,Mr. White,I don,t know about the fact,that he is a,teac

5、her,Who will win the match,is still unknown,I want to know,what he has told you,The fact is,that we have lost the game,The news,that we won the game,is exciting,主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句,名詞性從句,的作用相當于名詞，因此主語從句,表語從句,賓語從句和同位語從句分別作主句,的主語、表語、賓語和同位語,同位語從句,相關(guān)概念,1,名詞,表示人或事物的名稱的詞,2,名詞的句法作用,名詞在句中主要作,主語,賓語,表語和同位語,另外還可以作,

6、定語,狀語,3,名詞性從句,在英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，本來該由名詞,充當?shù)?主,語,賓語,表語,和,同位語,由,一個句子來充當,這個句子就叫,名詞性從句,Object Clauses,賓語從句,1,I,know,him,2,I,know,who,he,is,主語,謂語,賓語,簡單句,主語,謂語,賓,語,從,句,連詞,從句主語,從句謂語,主,句,復(fù)合句,句子做賓語就是賓語從句,跟在,及物動詞,或,介詞,后,句子結(jié)構(gòu),主句,連詞（引導詞,賓語從句,Conjunctions of Noun Clauses,引導名詞性從句,的關(guān)聯(lián)詞,從屬連詞,不作成分,連接代詞,作成分,連接副詞,作狀語,what, who

7、, whom, whose,which, wh+ever,that, whether, if,when, where, how, why,一、連詞（引導詞,1,that,1,當賓語從句是由,陳述句轉(zhuǎn)變而來,時（包括肯定句和否定句），連詞,由,that,引導,因為,that,在從句中,不作任何成分,也,沒有任何具體意思,因,此在口語或非正式文體中,常省略,Lin,Tao,feels,that,his,own,team,is,even,better,2,賓語從句中的連接詞,that,在以下三種情況下,不能省略,1,當,that,從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語時,第二個,that,不能,省,2,當,

8、that,從句作,介詞賓語,時,that,不可省掉,3,用,it,做,形式賓語,的賓語從句,Everyone knew what happened,and,that,she was worried,The reason lies,in,that,she works harder than the others do,I think,it,necessary,that,you should read English aloud,3,在主句為動詞,be,加某些形容詞（如,sorry,sure,afraid,glad,等）作表語時，后面所跟,的省略,that,的從句也可算是,賓語從句,I,m,sor

9、ry,that,I,don,t,know,We,re,sure,that,our,team,will,win,I,m,afraid,that,he,won,t,pass,the,exam,當賓語,從句是由一般疑問句變來時,時，由連詞,whether,或,if,引導,是否,，不能省略,1).Lily,wanted,to,know_,her,grandma,liked,the,handbag,2,Let,s,see_,we,can,find,out,some,information,about,that,city,3).She,asked,me,_she,could,borrow,these,bo

10、oks,注意,whether,和,if,的使用區(qū)別,1).whether,和,if,都可以引導賓語從句,a,當有,or not,時就用,whether,不用,if,I don,t know,whether or not,I will stay,b,介詞,后面的賓語從句不能用,if,I worry,about whether,I hurt her feeling,2. whether/if,if /whether,if /whether,if /whether,Practice time,if / whether,1. I asked her _ she had a,bike,2. We,re

11、worried about _ he,is safe,3. I don,t know _ he is well or,not,4. I don,t know _ or not he is,well,5. I don,t know _ I should,go,if,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether/if,_,to go,whether,3,當賓語從句是由,特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)變而來,時，由,疑問詞,what,who,whom,which,whose,when,where,how,why,等）引導，因為疑問詞在從句中擔任一定的句子成分，具,有一定的意義，所以,

12、不可以省略,Do,you,know,he,said,just,now,I,don,t,remember,we,arrived,I,asked,him,I,could,get,so,much,money,Please,tell,me,we,have,to,see,Do,you,know,time,the,plane,leaves,what,when,where,who whom,what,二、時態(tài),1,如果,主句是現(xiàn)在的時態(tài),包括一般現(xiàn)在時,現(xiàn)在進行時，現(xiàn)在完,成時,從句的時態(tài)可根,據(jù)實際情況而定,包括一般現(xiàn)在時，一般,過去時，一般將來時，現(xiàn)在完成時等,I,know,he,_,here,live

13、,I,know,he,here,ten,years,ago,live,I,have,heard,that,he,tomorrow,come,2,如果主句是過去的時態(tài),包括一般過去時，過去進行時,那么從句的時態(tài),一定要用相對應(yīng)的過去的某種時態(tài),包括一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來,時,過去完成時,I knew who,here.(live,I saw she _,her mother. (talk,He asked whether his father _tomorrow. (come back,He said that he _it .(see,3,當從句是客觀真理，定義，公理，定理時用,一般

14、現(xiàn)在時,The teacher said that the earth -around the sun,travel,lives,lived,will come,lived,was talking with,would come back,had seen,三、語序,賓語從句的語序用,陳述語序,連接詞,主語,謂語,其他成分,1.I don,t know,what is the matter the troublewrong,with him,2 .I don,t know who did it,3. I don,t know who is he,1. When will he go to th

15、e library,1 His brother asks when,he will go to,the library,2 His brother asks when,will he go to,the library,2. What does he want to buy ,1 I don,t know what,he wants to,buy,2 I don,t know what,does he want to,buy,1,We thought,it,strange,that,Xiao Wang did not,come yesterday,2. He has made,it,clear

16、,that,he will not give in,注意,it,常可以放在動詞,think, find, consider,believe, feel, make,等后作為,形式賓語,真,正的賓語,that,從句則放在句尾,_,我們覺得很奇,怪,she didn,t go to school today,We think,it,strange,that,Fill in the blanks with suitable,conjunctions,1,Can,you,tell,me,_,the,man,is,He,is,my,brother,2,I,didnt,know,_,he,was,comi

17、ng,until,yesterday,3,The,doctor,asks,_,medicine,you,have,taken,4,I,want,to,know,_,they,solved,the,problems,in,the,city,who,when,what,how,when,Whether/if,1,The,young,man,asked,_,its,summer,or,winter,A,either,B,that,C,weather,D,whether,2,We,dont,know,_,they,did,it,A,how,B,who,C,what,D,which,3,The,teac

18、her,asks,us,_,Jim,can,come,back,on,time,A,that,B,if,C,when,D,what,time,4,Does,anybody,know,_,we,will,have,a,sports,meeting,this,weekend,or,not,A,if,B,where,C,whether,D,that,D,A,B,C,5,Could,you,show,me,_,A,how,can,I,get,to,the,station,B,where,is,the,station,C,how,I,could,get,to,the,station,D,how,I,ca

19、n,reach,the,station,6. Please tell me _,A. what does he like B. what he does like,C. what he likes D. what he like,7. My sister told him _,A. what day was it B. when the train arrived,C. who she was waiting D. where did you live,C,B,D,8. Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go and see _,A. who is he B.

20、 who he is,C. who is it D. who it is,9. Could you tell me how long _ ,A. you have bought the watch,B. you have kept this science book,C. have you been away from China,D. have you been a member of Greener China,10. He says that if it _ tomorrow , he _ fishing,A. will rain , wont go B. rained , wasnt

21、go,C. rains , wont go D. rain , will go,B,C,D,Subject Clauses,主語從句,Conjunctions of Noun Clauses,引導名詞性從句,的關(guān)聯(lián)詞,從屬連詞,不作成分,連接代詞,作成分,連接副詞,作狀語,what, who, whom, whose,which, wh+ever,that, whether,when, where, how, why,1,is certain,我們將遲到了,2. _ is known to all.,地球是圓的,3. _ is a pity,你錯過了這次機會,That the earth is

22、 round,That you missed the chance,二,whether,是否，表不確定的事情,引導詞,That we shall be late,hurts him so much,她離開他,一,that,_,只起引導作用，不充當成分，但不能省略,沒有意義,1). That she left him,_,is not easy to say,他是否會來這,2,Whether he will come here,If he will come here.,3,_,is more practice.,我們所需要的,what,在從句中作主語,4,is under discussion

23、,When,在從句中作狀語,What we need,When we will begin the meeting,if,不能引導主語從句,三。其他疑問詞,注意一,主語從句后置,為了避,免主語冗長,句子頭重腳輕,經(jīng)常,用,it,作形式主語,主語從,句放在后面作真正的主語,That we shall be late is certain,1. That the earth is round is known to all,2. That you missed the chance is a pity,It is a pity that you missed the chance,It,s kno

24、wn to all that the earth is round,It,s certain that we shall be late,這樣就構(gòu)成了下面一些常用句型,It is +adj/n that(strange/a pity,It is + v,ed that.(said/reported,由連詞,whether,連接代詞,what, who, which,和,連接副詞,when,where,why,how,等引導,也常常后置,Who will do it,_,been decided,have /has,What he needs,_,that book,What he needs

25、_,_,some books,is,are,注意三,What,與,that,引導主語從句,what,引導名詞性從句時在從句中,充當句子成分,如主語,賓,語,表語,而,that,則不然,它在句子中,只起連接作用,1) _you said yesterday is right,2) _she is still alive is a puzzle,What,That,注意：主語從句中,謂語動詞一般用,單數(shù),注意二,What,引導的主語從句，可根據(jù),表語,決定,做題三步曲,步驟一：首先把主句和從句區(qū)分,開來,步驟二：分析從句缺何種成分,步驟三：根據(jù)分析，選擇恰當?shù)?連詞,1,_ he made an

26、important speech at the,meeting was true,A. That B. Why C. What D. How,2. _we,ll go camping tomorrow depends,on the weather,A If B Whether C That D Where,3._ is known to us all is that America is a,developed country_the First World,a.Which; belong to b. As, belonged to,c. What; belonging to d. It; b

27、elonging to,4. It,s known to us all _ a form of energy,A. water is B. that water is,C. is water D. that water to,5. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning,gray,A. whether B. that C. what D. when,6.What I say and think _ none of your,business,A. is B. are C. has D have,Predicative Clauses,表語從句,從

28、屬連詞,不作成分,連接代詞,作成分,連接副詞,作狀語,what, who, whom, whose, which, wh+ever,that, whether,as if/as though,when, where, how, why.because,表語從句,是在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句,放在,系動詞,之后,一般結(jié)構(gòu)是,主,語,系動詞,表語從句,。可以接表語從句的系動詞有,be,look, remain, seem,表語從句,The question is _,we can rely on him,That,s _,we were in need of money at that time

29、,He looked _,he was going to cry,That,s _,I was late,whether,because,as if,why,注,意,1,在表語從句中，表“是否,時，只能用,whether,不能用,if,2,一般情況下，,that,不能省,3,It is /was,because,It is /was,why,3. The reason,why/for,is /was,that,4 The reason is,because /why,that,1. That,s _ the Party called on us to do,A. why B. what C.

30、how D. that,2. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the,machine,A. because B. why C. that D. Whether,3 .That is _ they separated,A. that B. what C. which D. where,4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago,A. what B. which C. that D. when,找出各句中的從句并指出是何種從句,1,I,dont,know,if,I,can,do,it,2,What,he,

31、is,doing,seems,very,difficult,3,The,important,thing,is,how,we,can,improve,our,studies,4,Mr,Li,always,thinks,of,how,he,can,do,more,for,the,people,5,The,news,that,she,was,pretending,to,be,sick,was,whispered,from,one,to,another,主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句,同位語從句,賓語從句,6,Thats,what,you,are,going,to,do,first,7,Itll,be,

32、decided,at,the,class,meeting,who,is,to,be,the,monitor,of,our,class,8,When,the,sports,meet,is,to,be,held,is,still,under,discussion,9,I,was,surprised,at,what,he,said,10. He gave me the news that some Americans,will visit our school tomorrow,主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句,主語從句,同位語從句,Appositive Clause,同位語從句,同位語從句,1,跟在某

33、些名詞后面，對該名詞作進一步解釋說明,常用名詞有,belief, fact, idea, hope, news, doubt, result,thought, information, opinion,等,Suggestion, suggest,order demand wish,等,2,常用連詞,that; when, where, why, how,e.g. 1,消息傳來，拿破侖要來視察他的軍隊,Word came,that,Napoleon would come and,inspect his grand army,Its the question,how,he did it,3,同位語

34、從句多用,that,引導，無意義，不可省,2,問題是他如何做這件事的,4,在,have no idea,之后用,wh,引導同位語從句,I have no idea,where he has gone,I have no idea,when he did it,I have no idea,what he did,1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The fact,worries their parents and teachers a lot,2.The Queen of England was on a three-da

35、y visit in,China./ We heard the news last night,_,_,_,The fact,that,two thirds of all girls are on a diet,worries their parents and teachers a lot,_,_,_,We heard,the news,last night,that,the Queen of,England was on a three-day visit in China,4.Time travel is possible./ There is no scientific proof f

36、or,the idea,5.Chinese students should be given more free time.,The suggestion is welcomed by many people, especially,kids in school,3.Teenagers should not spend too much time online.,Many British parents hold the view,_,_,Many British parents hold,the view,that,teenagers,shouldn,t spend too much tim

37、e online,_,_,There is no scientific proof for,the idea,that,time travel,is possible,_,_,The suggestion,that,Chinese students should be given,more free time,is welcomed by many people, especially,kids in school,1.We expressed the hope,that,they had expected,2.We expressed the hope,that,they would com

38、e to visit,China again,定語從句,同位語從句,3,連詞,that,在同位語從句中,不可省略,而在定語從句中當它充當,賓,語時可以省略,區(qū)別,that,引導的同位語從句和定語從句,1,引導同位語的連詞,that,在句中,不作任何句子成分,而在定語從,句中,that,充當?shù)目梢允?從句的主語或賓語,等,2,同位語從句是對前面名詞的內(nèi)容的,具體說明,而定語從句是對前面名,詞,進行修飾，解釋為,的,3.The fact,that,she works hard is well known to us all,1.The news that our team has won the

39、game was true,2.The news that he told me yesterday was true,同位語從句,定語從句,同位語從句,判斷,定語從句,or,同位語從句,1.The order that we should send a few people to help the,other groups was received yesterday,2.The order that we received yesterday was that we should,send a few people to help the other groups,3.The news t

40、hat he will leave for Shanghai is true,4.The news that we got last week is true,5.The question that we discussed yesterday is a difficult one,定語從句,同位語從句,同位語從句,定語從句,定語從句,注意,1,that / what,的辨用,1._ he wants is a book,2. _ he wants to go there is obvious,3.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is,sayi

41、ng,4.He told us _ he felt ill,5.The result is _ we won the game,6.This is _ we want to know,7. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon,8.The fact_ she works hard is well known to us all,What,That,what,what,what,that,that,that,Rules,1.that,在名詞性從句中不充當任何成分，只起,連接作用,2. what,除起連接作用外，還在名詞性從句中充,當成分，可做從句的主語、賓

42、語、或表語,注意,2,whether,與,if,的辨用,1.Whether it is true remains a problem,2.It remains a problem whether/if it is true,3. He asked whether/if Mary would attend the ceremony,4.It depends on whether we have got enough money,5.The question is whether you should accept it,6.The question whether he,ll attend th

43、e meeting is important,7.I didn,t know whether to laugh or to cry,8.I don,t know whether/if it is right or not,Rules,1,在由形式主語,it,引導的主語從句及在,vt,動詞后面的,賓語從句中，表“是否,whether/if,都可以用,2,在前置主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句和跟在,介詞后面的賓語從句中，表“是否,只能,用,whether,3,在,whether or not,和,whether to do,中,whether,不能,換成,if,Practice time,if /

44、 whether,1. I asked her _ she had a bike,2. I don,t know _ he is well or not,3._ we will hold a party in the open air,tomorrow depends on the weather,4.It hasnt been decided_ we shall,attend the meeting,5.We,re worried about _ he is safe,6. The question is _ he should do it,7.The doctor can hardly a

45、nswer the question,_ the old man will recover soon,8. I don,t know _ to go or to stay at home,whether/ if,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether / if,1. _made the school proud was _more than 90%of,the students had been admitted to key universities,A What / because B What / that,C Th

46、at / what D That / because,2._she couldn,t understand was _ fewer and fewer,students showed interest in her lessons,A What / why B That / what,C What / because D Why / that,B,A,B,3,He is absent from school . It is _ he is seriously ill. A. why B,because C. that D. the reason,4 _has helped to save th

47、e drowning girl is worth praising,A Who B The one C Anyone D Whoever,5. Information has been put forward _ more graduates will be,admitted into universities,A that B how C where D what,D,A,6,I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week,Is that _you had a few days off ,A why B when C what D where,7 -

48、Are you still thinking about yesterday,s,game ,Oh ,that,s _,A what makes me feel excited,B whatever I feel excited about,C how I feel about it,D when I feel excited,A,A,9,_ fashion differs from country to country may,reflect the cultural differences from one aspect,A What B That C This D Which,10. W

49、hen you answer questions in a job,interview ,please remember the golden rule,Always give the monkey exactly _ he wants,A what B which C when D that,11. We made the suggestion that he _ his work,A continues B continue,C continued D had continued,B,A,B,12.There will be a special price for _ buys,thing

50、s in large number here,A. who B. whom C. whoever D. Whomever,13. Mary wrote an article on _ the team had,failed to win the game,A.why B. what C. who D. that (05,14.The poor young man is ready to accept _,help he can get. (05,A. whichever B. however,C. whatever D. whenever,14.Many newspaper printed t

51、he governor,s,statement _ would support a tax cut,A.and he B. was that he C which he D that he,15._ man must fear when traveling in space is,radiation from the sun,A.Which B. How C. What D. That,16.It is generally considered unwise to give a child,_ he or she wants,A. However B. whatever,C. whicheve

52、r D. whenever,16. She received the message _ he would come,by plane,A. that B. which C. what D. when,17. Energy is _ makes things work,A. what B. something C. anything D. that,18.Our city has changed a lot ,and now it is quite,different from _ a few years ago,A. what it used to be B. that it used to

53、 be,C.which it used to be D. what was it,19. We all know the truth _ there are air ,water and,sunlight,there are living things,A. wherever B. where C. that D. that wherever,20.The true value of life is not in _ , but_,A. how you get ;that you give,B.which you get;what you give,C.what you get ;what y

54、ou give,D. what do you get ;what do you give,21._ is a fact that English is being accepted as an,international language,A. There B. This C. That D. It,Pick up one number and finish the,task in it, then you can get some points,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28

55、,29,30,1.The suggestion (that) she has put,forward is very good,2.The suggestion that we clean the,classroom by turns is very good,判斷：名詞性從句,定語從句,名詞性從句,定語從句,10,1.I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last,week. That is _ I had a few days,off,The project was turn down,Is that _ we lack money,3.Tom didn,t

56、 go to school today. The,reason was _ he fell ill,用,thatwhybecause,填空,that,why,because,20,The news that Liu Xiang won the 110 hurdles,Brought Chinese great happiness,News , brought Chinese great happiness,Liu Xiang,the 110 hurdles,Make a sentence,30,1.I doubt_ he can speak English,2.I don,t doubt _

57、he can speak,English,whether/ if,that,10,Correct or not,When the meeting will be held haven,t,been known yet,be held,hasn,t,been known yet,Pay attention,主語從句的謂語用,單數(shù),形式,10,判斷：名詞性從句,定語從句,1.The possibility that you referred to,doesn,t exist at all,2.There is a strong possibility that we,may be in France for the next week,名詞性從句,定語從句,10,the cat do,made,What the cat did made the baby,cry,What,cry,Make a sentence,30,1.Two third