2021年高考英語練習(xí)試題及答案解析（四）

1、2021年高考英語練習(xí)試題及答案（四）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AWhat is body surfing?Bodysurfing is related to riding on a wave with no help from aid tools such as a surfboard. Thats why it is called the “purest” form of surfing. In fact, it is one of very few extreme sportsfree climbing and cliff diving are.

2、othersthat can be practiced using nothing but the human body.How do you do it?To catch a wave, swim to where the waves break and, as one approaches, start swimming towards the beach. You must try to travel at the same speed as the wave and, if you do it correctly, you will feel the wave lifting you

3、and pushing you forwards. Then try and cut along the surface of the wave.What do you need?It is more enjoyable and safer if you use flippers (large flat rubber shoes). This is because they enable you to swim faster and surf along them more easily. A wetsuit is also advisable. Another aid is a handbo

4、ard, a mini-surf board about the size of an iron, held in one hand to speed up along the wave. If you are lucky enough to be surfing in warm water, make sure you have your boardshorts at the ready.Unofficial world championshipBodysurfing is not a professional sport, but in Hawaii there is such a fes

5、tival called the Pipeline Bodysurfing Classic each year. Local bodysurfers compete against athletes from places such as Australia, Brazil, Japan or France. Famous bodyboarder Mike Stewart has won the event no fewer than 12 times, and Kelly Slater, the greatest surfer in history, has also competed.1.

6、 How does a bodysurfer surf while in the sea?A. Only using the human body. B. Only relying on a surfboard.C. Only following a wave. D. Only swimming along the beach.2. Which can make you surf faster?A. Flippers and a wetsuit. B. A wetsuit and a handboard.C. A handboard and boardshorts. D. A handboar

7、d and Flippers.3. What can we know about the Pipeline Body surfing Classic?A. It is for local bodysurfers. B. It is held annually in Hawaii.C. All famous bodysurfers favor it. D. Mike Stewart attends it every year.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)非專業(yè)的運(yùn)動(dòng)人體沖浪。1. A 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段Bodysurfing is related to rid

8、ing on a wave with no help from aid tools such as a surfboard.和that can be practiced using nothing but the human body.可知，人體沖浪是在沒有沖浪板等輔助工具幫助的情況下在海浪上沖浪。故選A。2. D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段It is more enjoyable and safer if you use flippers (large flat rubber shoes). 如果你使用腳蹼會(huì)更舒適、更安全，和Another aid is a handboard, a

9、mini-surf board about the size of an iron, held in one hand to speed up along the wave. 一只手拿著沖浪板可以加速?zèng)_浪。故選D。3.B 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Bodysurfing is not a professional sport, but in Hawaii there is such a festival called the Pipeline Bodysurfing Classic each year. 在夏威夷每年都會(huì)有一個(gè)名為管道人體沖浪經(jīng)典的節(jié)日。故選B。BPromise Sa

10、wyers, a 10-year-old girl in Nashville, Tenn., is inspiring people old and young after making a video before going to school “bigger and better” with her natural hair, just one day after she was made fun of for her afro.Promise Sawyers motivational video was posted online by her mom Qui Daugherty, a

11、fter the 5th-grader secretly recorded it on Daughertys phone. In it, Sawyers explained that she was feeling “some type of way” after her classmates had mean things to say after she wore her natural hair the day before. But she was determined not to let it bring her down, and wore it the same way the

12、 following day. “Dont allow anyone to steal your joy,” Promise said. “Dont give them that much power.”Daugherty says that Promise has been surrounded by that type of positivity her whole life. Shes always taught her daughter to “meet a negative with a positive”, even when somebody is trying to bring

13、 her down. And although this example seems like one of the more disheartening( 令人氣餒的) ones that Promise has faced after starting at a new school, her video proved that she took her moms advice to heart.Now, nearly 2 million views later, people everywhere are responding to the video. “We had no idea

14、the impact that it was going to make and the amount of messages,” Daugherty said. “Its made a huge impact behind the scenes that has blessed me personally.”Daugherty jokes that Promise doesnt understand how influential her words are. Instead, the 10-year-old is just excited about the millions of vie

15、ws.“I just tell her not to focus on the numbers,” Daugherty says. “Lets find a way we can be impactful behind this and make an influence and inspire people. Thats all we want.”4. What does the underlined word “afro” in Paragraph 1 refer to?A. A hairstyle.B. A disability.C. An attitude.D. A video.5.

16、What did Promise decide to do after being teased by her classmates?A. Seek some advice from her mother.B. Make herself look bigger and better.C. Record her sadness on video silently.D. Keep wearing the same hair to school.6. What will Daugherty advise Promise to do when theres something disheartenin

17、g?A. Switch to a new start.B. Look on the bright side.C. Make necessary changes.D. Share her joy with others.7. How did Daugherty feel about peoples response to the video?A. Embarrassed. B. Worried.C. Confused. D. Surprised.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。10 歲的小女孩 Promise Sawyers 天生擁有蓬松發(fā)型，這使她在學(xué)校里遭到了同學(xué)的取笑。Promise 并沒有

18、因此而悶悶不樂， 而是用陽光的心態(tài)應(yīng)對(duì)一切，堅(jiān)守自己的快樂。她的視頻激勵(lì)了很多人。4.A 【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。聯(lián)系畫線詞所在句中的“with her natural hair”和第二段第二句“In it, Sawyers explained that she was feeling some type of way after her classmates had mean things to say after she wore her natural hair the day before.”可知，同學(xué)們嘲笑的是她的頭發(fā)。由此可推知，afro指的是一種發(fā)型。故選A。5.D 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解

19、題。根據(jù)第二段第三句“But she was determined not to let it bring her down, and wore it the same way the following day.”可知，Promise 被同學(xué)們嘲笑后，決定第二天仍然保持著同樣的發(fā)型去上學(xué)。故選D。6.B 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Shes always taught her daughter to meet a negative with a positive, even when somebody is trying to bring her down.”可知，Daughert

20、y 一直教女兒在遇到令她沮喪的事情時(shí)用積極樂觀的心態(tài)去面對(duì)。由此可推知，當(dāng)女兒遇到令人氣餒的事情時(shí)，Daugherty 會(huì)建議她去看到陽光的一面。故選B。7.D 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中 Daugherty 所說的“We had no idea the impact that it was going to make and the amount of messages”可知，她此前沒有料想到這個(gè)視頻能引起如此大的反響。由此可推知，她對(duì)人們對(duì)該視頻的反應(yīng)感到吃驚。故選D。CMost squirrels dont hibernate(冬眠). Instead, they store fo

21、od for the cold season and spend the winter in their nests. But the 13-lined ground squirrel, one species of squirrel in the U.S. Midwest, is not the case. For up to 8 months, the tiny mammals wont eat or drink anything at all and the heart rate, metabolism(新陳代謝), and body temperature dramatically d

22、rop during their long rest, which is similar to bears and other hibernating animals.To find out how the hibernating squirrels hold back their thirst, a powerful force that could potentially wake them up, and researchers measured the blood fluid of dozens of squirrels. Generally, a high blood concent

23、ration(血液濃度) makes animals, including humans, feel thirty. The sleeping squirrels blood concentration was low, preventing them from waking up for a drink. Even when researchers woke up the torpid squirrels, they wouldnt drink a drop until the team artificially increased the concentration of their bl

24、ood serum.Next, the researchers wanted to know how the squirrels blood concentration dropped so low. Perhaps the squirrels drank a lot of water before hibernation to dilute(稀釋) their blood, the researchers thought. But when they filmed squirrels preparing for their winter snooze, they found the anim

25、als actually drank less water than they normally did.Instead, chemical tests revealed the squirrels regulate their blood concentration by getting rid of electrolytes(電解質(zhì))like sodium and other chemicals like glucose and urea and storing them elsewhere in the body (possibly in the bladder), the resear

26、chers reported last month in Current Biology. The finding could also explain how other hibernating animals stay containing water.This new knowledge might one day help humans with conditions such as diabetes(糖尿病), or astronauts who have launched on long space flights. Unfortunately, even if people ca

27、n figure out how to drop their blood concentration, its unlikely theyll ever be as cute as sleeping squirrels.8. What do we know about the 13-lined ground squirrels?A. They dont hibernate like many other squirrels.B. They are endangered species in the U. S. Midwest.C. They can live for months withou

28、t water during hibernation.D. Their heart rule and body temperature are extremely abnormal.9. The hibernating squirrels don feel thirsty because of their_.A. high blood concentration B. low blood concentrationC. low body temperature D. high heart rate10. Hibernating squirrels adjust their blood conc

29、entrations by_.A. Drinking much water before hibernationB. Not eating anything during hibernationC. Drinking less water than they normally doD. Removing certain chemicals and storing them somewhere11. What is the authors attitude towards the new findings?A. Objective B. PositiveC. Disappointing D. U

30、ncaring【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一種冬眠的松鼠，地松鼠。它以將電解質(zhì)從血液中換到其他地方儲(chǔ)存的方式來降低血液濃度，而這項(xiàng)發(fā)明可能用于治療糖尿病等人類疾病。8. C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段For up to 8 months, the tiny mammals wont eat or drink anything at all可知，地松鼠可以多達(dá)8個(gè)月不吃不喝。即地松鼠冬眠時(shí)可以數(shù)個(gè)月不喝水。故選C。9. B【解析】推理判斷題。由第二段a high blood concentration(血液濃度) makes animals, including humans, fe

31、el thirty可知血液濃度高促使動(dòng)物包括人類感到口渴，由此可以推斷出冬眠的松鼠不口渴是因?yàn)檠簼舛鹊?。故選B。10.D 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第二段chemical tests revealed the squirrels regulate their blood concentration by getting rid of electrolytes(電解質(zhì))like sodium and other chemicals like glucose and urea and storing them elsewhere in the body可知，化學(xué)測(cè)試表明松鼠調(diào)節(jié)血液濃度是通過將電

32、解質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)移至身體其他部位儲(chǔ)存的方式進(jìn)行的，即移走某種特定的物質(zhì)即電解質(zhì)，并儲(chǔ)存到其他地方。故選D。11.B 【解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由最后一段可知這項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)可以用來治療糖尿病或者幫助長(zhǎng)時(shí)間在太空站的宇航員，有實(shí)際運(yùn)用的價(jià)值，即作者對(duì)此持積極態(tài)度。故選B。DWhat inspires kids to be creative and pursue academic excellence? Some teachers use rewards in recognition of students effort or achievement, giving them prizes, medals, certif

33、icates, or money.Psychologists take opposite views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researche

34、rs, who study various aspects of mental life, believe that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary(金錢的) rewards sparks creativity in prim

35、ary school children, suggesting that properly given stimuli(刺激) indeed encourage creativity, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.If kids know theyre working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity, says Robe

36、rt Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. But its easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much desire for rewards.A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with students lack

37、ing in creativity and motivation, Eisenberger says. As an example of the latter point, he particularly mentions growing efforts to tighten grading standards and adopt failing grades at major universities.In earlier grades, the use of rewarding system, in which students handle challenging problems an

38、d receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, Eisenberger claims.12. Psychologists are divided in their attitudes toward _.A. the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewardsB. the amount of monetary rewards for students crea

39、tivityC. the relationship between actions and their consequencesD. the effects of external rewards on students performance13. Which of the following does NOT belong to examples of “external rewards”?A. Tom received a certificate for winning a speech competition.B. Mary was praised by the teacher for

40、 making progress in English.C. Jacky made great efforts to enter a major university.D. John was offered a free summer camp due to his hard work.14. Which of the following can best raise students creativity according to Robert Eisenberger?A. Assigning them tasks they have not dealt with before.B. Ass

41、igning them tasks which require creativity.C. Giving them rewards they really deserve.D. Giving them rewards they hope for.15. It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they think _.A. rewarding poor performance may kill the cre

42、ativity of studentsB. punishing students is more effective than rewarding themC. failing unmotivated students helps improve their academic standardsD. discouraging students expectation of easy rewards is important【語篇解讀】這是一篇議論文。文章主要說明了心理學(xué)家對(duì)外部獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)對(duì)學(xué)生成績(jī)的影響的態(tài)度有分歧。而教育工作者則認(rèn)為適當(dāng)?shù)耐獠开?jiǎng)勵(lì)刺激確實(shí)能激發(fā)創(chuàng)造力，但是如果給予表現(xiàn)不好的學(xué)生獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)

43、則可能會(huì)扼殺創(chuàng)造力。12. D 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. （心理學(xué)家對(duì)外部獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)(從溫暖的表?yè)P(yáng)到冷冰冰的現(xiàn)金)如何影響動(dòng)機(jī)和創(chuàng)造力持相反的觀點(diǎn)）可知，心理學(xué)家對(duì)外部獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)對(duì)學(xué)生成績(jī)的影響的態(tài)度有分歧。故選D。13.C 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句Psychologists take opposing views of how exter

44、nal rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. （心理學(xué)家對(duì)外部獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)(從溫暖的表?yè)P(yáng)到冷冰冰的現(xiàn)金)如何影響動(dòng)機(jī)和創(chuàng)造力持相反的觀點(diǎn)）可知，外部獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)包括表?yè)P(yáng)到現(xiàn)金。分析選項(xiàng)可知C選項(xiàng)“杰克努力進(jìn)入一所重點(diǎn)大學(xué)?！辈⒉粚儆凇巴獠开?jiǎng)勵(lì)”的例子。故選C。14.C 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段If kids know theyre working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the

45、most creativity, says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. But its easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much desire for rewards.（位于紐瓦克的特拉華大學(xué)的Robert Eisenberger說:“如果孩子們知道他們是為了獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)而工作，并且能夠?qū)Ｗ⒂谝粋€(gè)相對(duì)有挑戰(zhàn)性的任務(wù)，他們就會(huì)表現(xiàn)出最大的創(chuàng)造力?！薄暗绻麑?duì)表現(xiàn)不佳的學(xué)生給予獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，或者對(duì)獎(jiǎng)

46、勵(lì)的渴望太強(qiáng)烈，就很容易扼殺創(chuàng)造力?！保┨岬胶⒆觽兪菫榱双@得獎(jiǎng)賞而從事一項(xiàng)具有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作時(shí)創(chuàng)造力最強(qiáng)，而如果對(duì)那些表現(xiàn)不好的學(xué)生也給予獎(jiǎng)賞則會(huì)扼殺創(chuàng)造力，可見Robert Eisenberger觀點(diǎn)是給他們應(yīng)得的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。故選C。15.A 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中But its easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much desire for rewards.（“但如果對(duì)表現(xiàn)不佳的學(xué)生給予獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，或者對(duì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的渴望太強(qiáng)烈，就很容易扼殺創(chuàng)造力?！保┛芍绻粋€(gè)老師對(duì)

47、表現(xiàn)不好的學(xué)生也給予獎(jiǎng)賞就會(huì)導(dǎo)致學(xué)生缺乏創(chuàng)造力，故從文章中可以推斷，各大大學(xué)正試圖提高他們的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，是因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)不好的表現(xiàn)可能會(huì)扼殺學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造力。故選A。第二節(jié) （共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。As high school students, we must spend the vast majority of our time in class and reading books. 16. Without a friend, our world would be a wilderness. What

48、 kind of friends should we pick? What are the dos and donts of friendship? Here are some of my opinions.17. We may consider different people we meet every day to be nice and feel like making friends with them. However, not all good people are matches for us. Rather than make friends with the popular

49、 students, we should spend time with those we have things in common with, or who will be there to listen to us. Moreover, we should be careful about students with many bad habits, since they could pass those habits on to us.Being tolerant is a good idea. No one is perfect. 18. Therefore, we should t

50、ry to understand our friends and be patient with them when they make mistakes since were all on a journey to being better people. Gradually, our friendships will last longer and become more solid.Be honest. 19. However, its better to be honest with friends, to tell them what is bothering us and seek

51、 their advice. Being honest will not annoy your friends, but it will bring you and your friend closer together.We need to be open-minded. Listen to others ideas, whether you agree with them or not, and be happy to make friends with your friends friends. 20. A. We must be careful.B. We need to be wel

52、l-informed.C. As is said, honesty is the best policy.D. A friend without faults will never be found.E. None are so deaf as those who will not hear.F. Still, spending time with friends is also necessary and good for us.G. We all tend to show our positive side to friends and hide our true feelings.【語篇

53、解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章說明了四點(diǎn)作者對(duì)于擁有好友的觀點(diǎn)和看法，如應(yīng)該謹(jǐn)慎地交朋友；應(yīng)該接受朋友的缺點(diǎn)；對(duì)朋友最好誠(chéng)實(shí)；保持開放的心態(tài)傾聽別人的想法等。16.F 根據(jù)前句As high school students, we must spend the vast majority of our time in class and reading books. 作為高中生，我們必須把大部分時(shí)間花在上課和讀書上，和后句Without a friend, our world would be a wilderness.沒有朋友，我們的世界將是一片荒野?？芍?，此句為承上啟下句，花時(shí)間和朋友在一起

54、也是必要的，對(duì)我們有好處。故選F。17.A 此處為本段的主題句。根據(jù)后文However, not all good people are matches for us. 并不是所有的好人都適合我們，和Moreover, we should be careful about students with many bad habits, since they could pass those habits on to us. 我們應(yīng)該小心有很多壞習(xí)慣的學(xué)生，因?yàn)樗麄儠?huì)把這些習(xí)慣傳給我們。可知，我們必須小心（交友）。故選A。18.D 根據(jù)前句No one is perfect. 人無完人，可知，沒有

55、缺點(diǎn)的朋友是永遠(yuǎn)找不到的。故選D。19. G根據(jù)本段主題句Be honest. 對(duì)朋友誠(chéng)實(shí)，和后句的轉(zhuǎn)折However, its better to be honest with friends, to tell them what is bothering us and seek their advice. 然而，最好對(duì)朋友誠(chéng)實(shí)，告訴他們是什么困擾著我們，并征求他們的意見。可知，我們都傾向于向朋友展示我們積極的一面，隱藏我們的真實(shí)感受。故選G。20.E 根據(jù)前句Listen to others ideas, whether you agree with them or not, and be

56、 happy to make friends with your friends friends. 傾聽他人的想法，不管你是否同意他們的觀點(diǎn)，并樂于和你朋友的朋友交朋友，可知，要樂于傾聽。故選E。第二部分語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié) 完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Over two weeks ago I was standing on the summit of Mount Qomolangma. It was the top of many years hard work,

57、 and the 21 of a childhood dream.I have been overwhelmed by the tide of goodwill and 22 . But one thing has become 23 apparent. Many people have constant misunderstandings about Mount Qomolangma. In their 24 , Qomolangma has 25 her crown. She has become a mountain synonymous with death, exploitation

58、 and 26 The most common question I get asked is: “Is it 27 in rubbish?” As a United Nations patron( 資 助 人 ) of the wilderness, one of my roles is to 28 back from the Earths remaining wildernesses and to act as a 29 for the wild.I climbed Qomolangma expecting a rubbish dump but what I found 30 me: I 31 saw any litter, from the airport to the summit.The Nepalese have 32 some