2016電大作業(yè)《閱讀與寫(xiě)作基礎(chǔ)形成性考核冊(cè)》參考答案

電大閱讀與寫(xiě)作基礎(chǔ)形成性考核參考答案作業(yè)1一、填空題1、左氏春秋傳，左丘明2、春秋，儒家3、戰(zhàn)國(guó)，道家4、小戴禮記，戴圣5、裴松之，三國(guó)志6、“靖節(jié)”7、幽明錄，記言則玄遠(yuǎn)冷峻，記行則高簡(jiǎn)瑰奇8、韓文公，文道合一9、柳河?xùn)|，韓愈10、詩(shī)文革新，歐陽(yáng)文忠公集二、名詞解釋1、先秦諸子散文2、“竹林七賢”見(jiàn)大學(xué)語(yǔ)文P3見(jiàn)大學(xué)語(yǔ)文P4950三、解釋語(yǔ)段中加點(diǎn)的詞1、見(jiàn)大學(xué)語(yǔ)文P17（注釋）2、見(jiàn)大學(xué)語(yǔ)文P21（注釋）四、簡(jiǎn)答題1簡(jiǎn)述馮諼客孟嘗君中人物描繪的特點(diǎn)。見(jiàn)大學(xué)語(yǔ)文P9102簡(jiǎn)述世說(shuō)新語(yǔ)“雪夜訪戴”一則中對(duì)文人士大夫豐神特點(diǎn)的描寫(xiě)。見(jiàn)大學(xué)語(yǔ)文P57五、分析題1分析史記伯夷列傳表達(dá)的主要觀點(diǎn)。見(jiàn)大學(xué)語(yǔ)文P32332分析嵇康與山巨源絕交書(shū)一文中嵇康與山巨源“絕交”的原因。見(jiàn)大學(xué)語(yǔ)文P5051作業(yè)2一、填空題1、明，卓吾，“童心”2、竟凌，鐘潭二、名詞解釋梧桐派見(jiàn)大學(xué)語(yǔ)文P85三、解釋語(yǔ)段中加點(diǎn)的詞1、見(jiàn)大學(xué)語(yǔ)文P91（注釋）2、見(jiàn)大學(xué)語(yǔ)文P103（注釋）四、簡(jiǎn)答題1簡(jiǎn)述譚友夏小品二則中借景借人說(shuō)己的寫(xiě)作手法。見(jiàn)大學(xué)語(yǔ)文P96972簡(jiǎn)述與友人論學(xué)書(shū)的主要內(nèi)容。見(jiàn)大學(xué)語(yǔ)文P108五、分析題1論述李贄提倡“童心論”的目的和意義。見(jiàn)大學(xué)語(yǔ)文P88892分析湖心亭看雪是如何把寫(xiě)景、記事與抒情融為一體的見(jiàn)大學(xué)語(yǔ)文P103104作業(yè)3一、填空題1、“革命文學(xué)”2、“中國(guó)左翼作家聯(lián)盟”3、之夜，家，駱駝祥子4、現(xiàn)代話劇成熟5、生死場(chǎng)6、“新感覺(jué)派”7、“中華全國(guó)文藝界抗敵協(xié)會(huì)8、華威先生，在其香居茶館里9、路翎10、艾青11、文藝為工農(nóng)兵服務(wù)12、趙樹(shù)理13、圍城14、飲冰室合集15、朝花夕拾16、駱駝祥子，“市民詩(shī)人”二、名詞解釋1、“文學(xué)研究會(huì)”見(jiàn)大學(xué)語(yǔ)文P1222、“新月派”見(jiàn)大學(xué)語(yǔ)文P1221233、“中國(guó)左翼作家聯(lián)盟”見(jiàn)大學(xué)語(yǔ)文P1234、“京派“見(jiàn)大學(xué)語(yǔ)文P123三、簡(jiǎn)答題1、簡(jiǎn)述周作人小品文蒼蠅的內(nèi)容。見(jiàn)大學(xué)語(yǔ)文P1371392、簡(jiǎn)述老舍想北平的主要內(nèi)容。見(jiàn)大學(xué)語(yǔ)文P1523、簡(jiǎn)述沈從文老伴的主要內(nèi)容。見(jiàn)大學(xué)語(yǔ)文P159四、分析題1、試析魯迅春末閑談的現(xiàn)實(shí)針對(duì)性。見(jiàn)大學(xué)語(yǔ)文P1331342、分析張愛(ài)玲談音樂(lè)一文所表現(xiàn)出的人生態(tài)度。見(jiàn)大學(xué)語(yǔ)文P178作業(yè)4一、填空題1、曲波，梁斌，楊沫2、白先勇3、干校六記4、長(zhǎng)恨歌5、古希臘羅馬6、但丁，神曲7、懺悔錄，愛(ài)彌兒8、悲慘世界，九三年9、紅與黑10、歐也妮葛朗臺(tái)，幻滅11、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平，安娜卡列尼娜12、堂吉訶德13、惡之花二、問(wèn)答題1、簡(jiǎn)析一只獨(dú)立獨(dú)行的豬中作者對(duì)獨(dú)立獨(dú)行的感慨與思考。見(jiàn)大學(xué)語(yǔ)文P2252262、陰翳禮贊（節(jié)選）作者對(duì)日本建筑“陰翳之美”是怎樣品味的對(duì)美的總體和諧是如何闡述的見(jiàn)大學(xué)語(yǔ)文P2472483、鄉(xiāng)村中作者描繪的鄉(xiāng)村圖景特點(diǎn)，從中反映出作者對(duì)生活理想怎樣的追求與思考見(jiàn)大學(xué)語(yǔ)文P261262三、分析題1、分析故鄉(xiāng)的食物（節(jié)選）文中故鄉(xiāng)食物的特點(diǎn)及其寫(xiě)作方法。見(jiàn)大學(xué)語(yǔ)文P2032、分析秦腔的表達(dá)手法與感情色彩。見(jiàn)大學(xué)語(yǔ)文P215216請(qǐng)您刪除一下內(nèi)容，O_O謝謝2016年中央電大期末復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過(guò)小抄ACETYLCHOLINEISANEUROTRANSMITTERRELEASEDFROMNERVEENDINGSTERMINALSINBOTHTHEPERIPHERALANDTHECENTRALNERVOUSSYSTEMSITISSYNTHESIZEDWITHINTHENERVETERMINALFROMCHOLINE,TAKENUPFROMTHETISSUEFLUIDINTOTHENERVEENDINGBYASPECIALIZEDTRANSPORTMECHANISMTHEENZYMENECESSARYFORTHISSYNTHESISISFORMEDINTHENERVECELLBODYANDPASSESDOWNTHEAXONTOITSEND,CARRIEDINTHEAXOPLASMICFLOW,THESLOWMOVEMENTOFINTRACELLULARSUBSTANCECYTOPLASMACETYLCHOLINEISSTOREDINTHENERVETERMINAL,SEQUESTEREDINSMALLVESICLESAWAITINGRELEASEWHENANERVEACTIONPOTENTIALREACHESANDINVADESTHENERVETERMINAL,ASHOWEROFACETYLCHOLINEVESICLESISRELEASEDINTOTHEJUNCTIONSYNAPSEBETWEENTHENERVETERMINALANDTHEEFFECTORCELLWHICHTHENERVEACTIVATESTHISMAYBEANOTHERNERVECELLORAMUSCLEORGLANDCELLTHUSELECTRICALSIGNALSARECONVERTEDTOCHEMICALSIGNALS,ALLOWINGMESSAGESTOBEPASSEDBETWEENNERVECELLSORBETWEENNERVECELLSANDNONNERVECELLSTHISPROCESSISTERMEDCHEMICALNEUROTRANSMISSIONANDWASFIRSTDEMONSTRATED,FORNERVESTOTHEHEART,BYTHEGERMANPHARMACOLOGISTLOEWIIN1921CHEMICALTRANSMISSIONINVOLVINGACETYLCHOLINEISKNOWNASCHOLINERGICACETYLCHOLINEACTSASATRANSMITTERBETWEENMOTORNERVESANDTHEFIBRESOFSKELETALMUSCLEATALLNEUROMUSCULARJUNCTIONSATTHISTYPEOFSYNAPSE,THENERVETERMINALISCLOSELYAPPOSEDTOTHECELLMEMBRANEOFAMUSCLEFIBREATTHESOCALLEDMOTORENDPLATEONRELEASE,ACETYLCHOLINEACTSALMOSTINSTANTLY,TOCAUSEASEQUENCEOFCHEMICALANDPHYSICALEVENTSSTARTINGWITHDEPOLARIZATIONOFTHEMOTORENDPLATEWHICHCAUSECONTRACTIONOFTHEMUSCLEFIBRETHISISEXACTLYWHATISREQUIREDFORVOLUNTARYMUSCLESINWHICHARAPIDRESPONSETOACOMMANDISREQUIREDTHEACTIONOFACETYLCHOLINEISTERMINATEDRAPIDLY,INAROUND10MILLISECONDSANENZYMECHOLINESTERASEBREAKSTHETRANSMITTERDOWNINTOCHOLINEANDANACETATEIONTHECHOLINEISTHENAVAILABLEFORREUPTAKEINTOTHENERVETERMINALTHESESAMEPRINCIPLESAPPLYTOCHOLINERGICTRANSMISSIONATSITESOTHERTHANNEUROMUSCULARJUNCTIONS,ALTHOUGHTHESTRUCTUREOFTHESYNAPSESDIFFERSINTHEAUTONOMICNERVOUSSYSTEMTHESEINCLUDENERVETONERVESYNAPSESATTHERELAYSTATIONSGANGLIAINBOTHTHESYMPATHETICANDTHEPARASYMPATHETICDIVISIONS,ANDTHEENDINGSOFPARASYMPATHETICNERVEFIBRESONNONVOLUNTARYSMOOTHMUSCLE,THEHEART,ANDGLANDULARCELLSINRESPONSETOACTIVATIONOFTHISNERVESUPPLY,SMOOTHMUSCLECONTRACTSNOTABLYINTHEGUT,THEFREQUENCYOFHEARTBEATISSLOWED,ANDGLANDSSECRETEACETYLCHOLINEISALSOANIMPORTANTTRANSMITTERATMANYSITESINTHEBRAINATNERVETONERVESYNAPSESTOUNDERSTANDHOWACETYLCHOLINEBRINGSABOUTAVARIETYOFEFFECTSINDIFFERENTCELLSITISNECESSARYTOUNDERSTANDMEMBRANERECEPTORSINPOSTSYNAPTICMEMBRANESTHOSEOFTHECELLSONWHICHTHENERVEFIBRESTERMINATETHEREAREMANYDIFFERENTSORTSOFRECEPTORSANDSOMEARERECEPTORSFORACETYLCHOLINETHESEAREPROTEINMOLECULESTHATREACTSPECIFICALLYWITHACETYLCHOLINEINAREVERSIBLEFASHIONITISTHECOMPLEXOFRECEPTORCOMBINEDWITHACETYLCHOLINEWHICHBRINGSABOUTABIOPHYSICALREACTION,RESULTINGINTHERESPONSEFROMTHERECEPTIVECELLTWOMAJORTYPESOFACETYLCHOLINERECEPTORSEXISTINTHEMEMBRANESOFCELLSTHETYPEINSKELETALMUSCLEISKNOWNASNICOTINICINGLANDS,SMOOTHMUSCLE,ANDTHEHEARTTHEYAREMUSCARINICANDTHEREARESOMEOFEACHTYPEINTHEBRAINTHESETERMSAREUSEDBECAUSENICOTINEMIMICSTHEACTIONOFACETYLCHOLINEATNICOTINICRECEPTORS,WHEREASMUSCARINE,ANALKALOIDFROMTHEMUSHROOMAMANITAMUSCARIA,MIMICSTHEACTIONOFACETYLCHOLINEATTHEMUSCARINICRECEPTORSACETYLCHOLINEISTHENEUROTRANSMITTERPRODUCEDBYNEURONSREFERREDTOASCHOLINERGICNEURONSINTHEPERIPHERALNERVOUSSYSTEMACETYLCHOLINEPLAYSAROLEINSKELETALMUSCLEMOVEMENT,ASWELLASINTHEREGULATIONOFSMOOTHMUSCLEANDCARDIACMUSCLEINTHECENTRALNERVOUSSYSTEMACETYLCHOLINEISBELIEVEDTOBEINVOLVEDINLEARNING,MEMORY,ANDMOODACETYLCHOLINEISSYNTHESIZEDFROMCHOLINEANDACETYLCOENZYMEATHROUGHTHEACTIONOFTHEENZYMECHOLINEACETYLTRANSFERASEANDBECOMESPACKAGEDINTOMEMBRANEBOUNDVESICLESAFTERTHEARRIVALOFANERVESIGNALATTHETERMINATIONOFANAXON,THEVESICLESFUSEWITHTHECELLMEMBRANE,CAUSINGTHERELEASEOFACETYLCHOLINEINTOTHESYNAPTICCLEFTFORTHENERVESIGNALTOCONTINUE,ACETYLCHOLINEMUSTDIFFUSETOANOTHERNEARBYNEURONORMUSCLECELL,WHEREITWILLBINDANDACTIVATEARECEPTORPROTEINTHEREARETWOMAINTYPESOFCHOLINERGICRECEPTORS,NICOTINICANDMUSCARINICNICOTINICRECEPTORSARELOCATEDATSYNAPSESBETWEENTWONEURONSANDATSYNAPSESBETWEENNEURONSANDSKELETALMUSCLECELLSUPONACTIVATIONANICOTINICRECEPTORACTSASACHANNELFORTHEMOVEMENTOFIONSINTOANDOUTOFTHENEURON,DIRECTLYRESULTINGINDEPOLARIZATIONOFTHENEURONMUSCARINICRECEPTORS,LOCATEDATTHESYNAPSESOFNERVESWITHSMOOTHORCARDIACMUSCLE,TRIGGERACHAINOFCHEMICALEVENTSREFERREDTOASSIGNALTRANSDUCTIONFORACHOLINERGICNEURONTORECEIVEANOTHERIMPULSE,ACETYLCHOLINEMUSTBERELEASEDFROMTHERECEPTORTOWHICHITHASBOUNDTHISWILLONLYHAPPENIFTHECONCENTRATIONOFACETYLCHOLINEINTHESYNAPTICCLEFTISVERYLOWLOWSYNAPTICCONCENTRATIONSOFACETYLCHOLINECANBEMAINTAINEDVIAAHYDROLYSISREACTIONCATALYZEDBYTHEENZYMEACETYLCHOLINESTERASETHISENZYMEHYDROLYZESACETYLCHOLINEINTOACETICACIDANDCHOLINEIFACETYLCHOLINESTERASEACTIVITYISINHIBITED,THESYNAPTICCONCENTRATIONOFACETYLCHOLINEWILLREMAINHIGHERTHANNORMALIFTHISINHIBITIONISIRREVERSIBLE,ASINTHECASEOFEXPOSURETOMANYNERVEGASESANDSOMEPESTICIDES,SWEATING,BRONCHIALCONSTRICTION,CONVULSIONS,PARALYSIS,ANDPOSSIBLYDEATHCANOCCURALTHOUGHIRREVERSIBLEINHIBITIONISDANGEROUS,BENEFICIALEFFECTSMAYBEDERIVEDFROMTRANSIENTREVERSIBLEINHIBITIONDRUGSTHATINHIBITACETYLCHOLINESTERASEINAREVERSIBLEMANNERHAVEBEENSHOWNTOIMPROVEMEMORYINSOMEPEOPLEWITHALZHEIMERSDISEASEABSTRACTEXPRESSIONISM,MOVEMENTOFABSTRACTPAINTINGTHATEMERGEDINNEWYORKCITYDURINGTHEMID1940SANDATTAINEDSINGULARPROMINENCEINAMERICANARTINTHEFOLLOWINGDECADEALSOCALLEDACTIONPAINTINGANDTHENEWYORKSCHOOLITWASTHEFIRSTIMPORTANTSCHOOLINAMERICANPAINTINGTODECLAREITSINDEPENDENCEFROMEUROPEANSTYLESANDTOINFLUENCETHEDEVELOPMENTOFARTABROADARSHILEGORKYFIRSTGAVEIMPETUSTOTHEMOVEMENTHISPAINTINGS,DERIVEDATFIRSTFROMTHEARTOFPICASSO,MIR,ANDSURREALISM,BECAMEMOREPERSONALLYEXPRESSIVEJACKSONPOLLOCKSTURBULENTYETELEGANTABSTRACTPAINTINGS,WHICHWERECREATEDBYSPATTERINGPAINTONHUGECANVASESPLACEDONTHEFLOOR,BROUGHTABSTRACTEXPRESSIONISMBEFOREAHOSTILEPUBLICWILLEMDEKOONINGSFIRSTONEMANSHOWIN1948ESTABLISHEDHIMASAHIGHLYINFLUENTIALARTISTHISINTENSELYCOMPLICATEDABSTRACTPAINTINGSOFTHE1940SWEREFOLLOWEDBYIMAGESOFWOMAN,GROTESQUEVERSIONSOFBUXOMWOMANHOOD,WHICHWEREVIRTUALLYUNPARALLELEDINTHESUSTAINEDSAVAGERYOFTHEIREXECUTIONPAINTERSSUCHASPHILIPGUSTONANDFRANZKLINETURNEDTOTHEABSTRACTLATEINTHE1940SANDSOONDEVELOPEDSTRIKINGLYORIGINALSTYLESTHEFORMER,LYRICALANDEVOCATIVE,THELATTER,FORCEFULANDBOLDLYDRAMATICOTHERIMPORTANTARTISTSINVOLVEDWITHTHEMOVEMENTINCLUDEDHANSHOFMANN,ROBERTMOTHERWELL,ANDMARKROTHKOAMONGOTHERMAJORABSTRACTEXPRESSIONISTSWERESUCHPAINTERSASCLYFFORDSTILL,THEODOROSSTAMOS,ADOLPHGOTTLIEB,HELENFRANKENTHALER,LEEKRASNER,ANDESTEBANVICENTEABSTRACTEXPRESSIONISMPRESENTEDABROADRANGEOFSTYLISTICDIVERSITYWITHINITSLARGELY,THOUGHNOTEXCLUSIVELY,NONREPRESENTATIONALFRAMEWORKFOREXAMPLE,THEEXPRESSIVEVIOLENCEANDACTIVITYINPAINTINGSBYDEKOONINGORPOLLOCKMARKEDTHEOPPOSITEENDOFTHEPOLEFROMTHESIMPLE,QUIESCENTIMAGESOFMARKROTHKOBASICTOMOSTABSTRACTEXPRESSIONISTPAINTINGWERETHEATTENTIONPAIDTOSURFACEQUALITIES,IE,QUALITIESOFBRUSHSTROKEANDTEXTURETHEUSEOFHUGECANVASESTHEADOPTIONOFANAPPROACHTOSPACEINWHICHALLPARTSOFTHECANVASPLAYEDANEQUALLYVITALROLEINTHETOTALWORKTHEHARNESSINGOFACCIDENTSTHATOCCURREDDURINGTHEPROCESSOFPAINTINGTHEGLORIFICATIONOFTHEACTOFPAINTINGITSELFASAMEANSOFVISUALCOMMUNICATIONANDTHEATTEMPTTOTRANSFERPUREEMOTIONDIRECTLYONTOTHECANVASTHEMOVEMENTHADANINESTIMABLEINFLUENCEONTHEMANYVARIETIESOFWORKTHATFOLLOWEDIT,ESPECIALLYINTHEWAYITSPROPONENTSUSEDCOLORANDMATERIALSITSESSENTIALENERGYTRANSMITTEDANENDURINGEXCITEMENTTOTHEAMERICANARTSCENESCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYISQUITEABROADCATEGORY,ANDITCOVERSEVERYTHINGFROMSTUDYINGTHESTARSANDTHEPLANETSTOSTUDYINGMOLECULESANDVIRUSESBEGINNINGWITHTHEGREEKSANDHIPPARCHUS,CONTINUINGTHROUGHPTOLEMY,COPERNICUSANDGALILEO,ANDTODAYWITHOURWORKONTHEINTERNATIONALSPACESTATION,MANCONTINUESTOLEARNMOREANDMOREABOUTTHEHEAVENSFROMHERE,WELOOKINWARDTOBIOCHEMISTRYANDBIOLOGYTOTRULYUNDERSTANDBIOCHEMISTRY,SCIENTISTSSTUDYANDSEETHEUNSEENBYSTUDYINGTHECHEMISTRYOFBIOLOGICALPR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