普通大學(xué)生就業(yè)情況分析(英文版)

Employment analysis of ordinary graduatesIn recent years, due to the rapid enrollment in Chinese universities, a sharp increase appears in the number of college graduates. College studentsemployment problems will be more severely in comparison with several years before. Even the elite graduates and returneesemployment environment is not optimistic, let alone the ordinary graduates. The graduates of colleges of China in 2001-2015 unit:100001.The current employment situation of college students two institutions in recent years, Chinas economy has been growing rapidly. Upgrading of industrial structure accelerated, driven by strong demand for college graduates of high human capital. However, due to graduate supply growth exceeds economic growth, the market digested the excess supply of talent will take time. Current students not only difficult employment, careers and the lack of space, which is related to our personnel structure. With the structural changes in Chinas economic system reform and labor market, a significant change in demand patterns employer occurred. The current financial crisis is not only caused to the low end of the labor market impact has gradually spread to the high-end of the labor market, a number of companies in bankruptcy executives also joined the ranks of re-employment, final year students to become a strong competitor. Employment Rate of graduatesThe above table shows that the number of graduates and the number of unemployed almost always increase every year, and now the situation after six years of increasingly severe.Therefore, the employment of college students has become a difficult problem concerns the people of the country, many theorists on this issue has been a lot of research, and a number of solutions, but most just generalities, only for all college students, and this group did not conduct a detailed breakdown. However, we all know, domestic institutions focused, non-priority, one, two, three, the specialist division of different levels and different institutions graduates in employment when the actual situation is different. Employment in the same environment, the two college students relative to other graduates of elite institutions, in education, expertise, and reputation as well as school culture at the school are about the same emotion, let alone in the overall employment of university students plight of the environment, the employment situation of non-key university graduates facing particularly acute, we get the following data in surveys of employment difficulties reasons:Employment Situationpersonal effectssocial factorscompanysfactorscause of collegesNumber636126435549proportion22.6%45%12.7%19.7%The above statistics obtained, 22.6% of students believe that the main difficulty is their own lack of employment, while the remaining 77.4% of the students think that the difficult employment is caused by external factors.Causes of College Students 2 two difficult employmentCurrently, the employment difficulties of Students can be divided into two aspects: First, the students themselves derived from the internal qualities and ideas; the second is derived from the current talent management and personnel training system to use the mechanisms of the external community. The current employment situation is indeed serious, but also not to say that college students two institutions can not be employed, also is a graduate of two universities, but also by virtue of its own strength, it is easy to find people who work and remuneration not thin, there is a such a gap, it is a question of the students themselves. Students Overall Quality decline in the prevalence of university graduates in the absence of a solid theoretical foundation of knowledge, the phenomenon of self-discipline and effective and lasting dedication to the community spirit, strong practical ability and good social adaptability. The objective existence of these problems has greatly weakened the university graduates employment competitiveness, a direct result of their employment difficulties.2.1 Internal Factors2.1.1 Missing Students wrong concept of employment and dedicationNo matter what college students want their university after graduation to find a relaxed, decent treatment and good work to do, Exalted. Longing to seize a iron rice bowl, a graduate will have regular work, in fact, iron rice bowl In todays environment, economy and society do not exist, but some idea of college students has not changed. In our survey also found that only 4% of the 12,304 students in the survey of the students are willing to return home, this data also reflects a real problem, and that is the lack of dedication. In tackling the problem of the severe employment situation, the state has adopted many policies, such as the western region, to support education and other plans, but the number of participants is not so optimistic, reason, or fear of hardships, lack of dedication. And two ordinary student underachievement, plus the so-called question of face care and minimum wage jobs, so that even in the employment rate of vocational students is far less. The rate of employment of college in comparion with vocational school vocational college others Minimum Wage acceptance questionnaireAcademic salary range2000-3000proportion3000-4000Proportion4000+Proportionvotionalcollege students2448.00%1632.00%1020.00%college students39.38%928.13%2062.50%the others527.78%950.00%422.22% The survey above shows that most of the 3,000 vocational students starting minimum wage to maintain peace of mind, mostly acceptable, but almost all want to undergraduate minimum wage standard in the beginning of the more than 4,000. And this is very difficult in the beginning was not realistic. In contrast, the advantages of higher vocational colleges in these areas is very clear: to apply the type of model-based culture, students trained in practical ability, can in a short time to reach the degree of familiarity contact work, loved by the employer.Innovative approaches colleges, identify the entry point for the economy and society, for practical training catch closely, most of the colleges, in school, training courses and more students, and are rich in social practice teachers lead training; secondly, outside the practice for a long time, entering the community to reduce the psychological discomfort, with a high degree of social adjustments, and greatly improve the experience and ability to adapt.Most higher vocational colleges Double Certificates System in Vocational College Vocational Students are encouraged to test the skills certificate, provide skills training opportunities, and therefore of vocational students at graduation, in addition to a diploma, usually there are a few skills to the certificate, you can graduate directly posts, which in the job market is very competitive. In modern society, communication with the docking of information is the key to winning. Major Courses close to the community, high professional level segment, personnel training and development of the social sector posted a tight grip, the relationship between industrial development very closely, such as the scarcity of blue-collar workers in todays society, vocational colleges becomes seize the opportunity to train a large number of blue-collar talent. school-enterprise cooperation, expand order training, companies need what kind of talent directly with Higher Colleges for docking, and actively adjust the College professional colleges, cultivate talent needed, the implementation of a good relationship between supply and demand, ensuring high employment signing rate level colleges.2.1.2 own lack of expertise, lack of practical skills and trainingEnrollment of students of University Students of lead quality, the level of training has declined, contemporary graduates were as follows:First, professional knowledge solid enough, the lack of core competitiveness two institutions with respect for the well-known colleges and universities, although the training mode similar, but the learning culture differences. Two colleges in some students learning attitude is not correct, we do not attach importance to their professional knowledge, learning, and students individual no heterogeneity of core competencies, such as organization and coordination skills, communication skills, social resilience.Second, many graduates lack practical ability is also the ability to stay on the books, thinking, lack the ability to solve practical problems. And the school does not pay attention to students practical abilities, the students themselves do not pay attention, resulting in little social contact with graduates, understanding is not enough.2.1.3 Employment expectations are too high, not enough on their own positionStudents on the one hand easy to overestimate their social value, so you can make unrealistic level positioning for their professional positions, on the other hand it is prone to rush to get their higher education costs to an absolute or proportional higher proportion of material rewards. Two such mentality intercourse will inevitably lead to university graduates produced from the psychological high, unrealistic personal and professional expectations. Our principle college students career orientation and employment areas made a survey in the survey, the following data: Career orientationType of vocationGovernments departmentForeign enterprisePrivate enterpriseState owned unitsPublic institutionsSelf-employedNumber519555230579522329Proportion19.0%20.3%8.4%21.2%19.0%12.1% Selection of the area of employmentTreatmentHigh salaryProvide an opportunity to learn more A substantial income with international standardsPost Multiple Talents of good governance policy Easy to start businessFancy living conditionsGood business environmenReturn for hometownNumber1074304373559402254222136Proportion32.3%9.1%11.3%16.8%12.1%7.6%6.7%4.1%The above data show that: most graduates are hoping to find a better living conditions, a good salary working in economically developed areas, cities or industry is a popular choice for most graduates, while the western region, the basic units often can not find the right people, we can see that not enough jobs for college students no choice but employment of university students expect too much, unwilling wronged themselves. Over-emphasis on wages, strong utilitarian, these ideas directly affect their successful employment. Willing to stay in the economically developed cities, not willing to return home employment. This career orientation to economic benefits, employment areas in the first place, over-emphasis on their diploma, to enhance their value too high, leading organs, institutions, state-owned enterprises candidates gathered, and private enterprises, private enterprises, west, grass-roots rural, hard industry is unable to attract much-needed talent. High expectations and career outlook and social needs of graduates held contrary, it is an important cause of college students Employment.2.1.4 lack of confidenceLow self-esteem is an important reason leading to employment of university students making mistakes. Students easily lose confidence in the face of difficulties at the time to the community. Thus the presence of mental disorder at the time of graduation employment allocation of work, so that they can not get rid of all the mental burden, not a correct understanding of the social, evaluation of self, not in order to calm the mind, magnanimous of mind, to accept the challenge of employment, capacity Vientiane world, because already system should be established career goals.2.2 External Factors2.2.1 The concept of dislocation employerSome employers conduct employment to be further standardized, there are relations with the selection of people, excessive demand is high, the blind pursuit of elite, highly educated, not from reality according to their own needs to choose, and some units in addition to the basic quality requirements for graduates with basic skills beyond basic literacy, but also it requires graduates to have some ability posts. And college students just entered the community, it is the lack of practical ability, but also the employer is most needed to provide training platform, which virtually gave employment of university students more difficult. Individual companies also gender discrimination, for various reasons refused to accept female students, leading to employment of female graduates is relatively difficult.2.2.2 Causes of UniversitiesFirst, the supply and demand dislocation, education and market decoupling. Universities in the professional setting more casual, the lack of investigation and understanding of social needs, without considering the actual level of the school itself and demands the opening of blind popular professional society, resulting in a duplicate set of professional colleges and universities, lead to saturation of some professionals to increase employment difficulty of the Majors.Second, to keep up with career guidance, employment channel is not smooth. University graduates are in a critical period and truly entered the community, the community is not very understanding, their jobs and the future positioning as bewildered and confused, about the need for schools to provide them with career planning, employment help, but the school the presence of career guidance and information lag, employment channels, poor employment information. Career guidance to throughout the whole process of college life, students should be the beginning of school, students will deliberately career awareness, help students long-term planning career, career options to strengthen education. Practice has proved that only provide employment guidance and services in the face of graduation last year, it is passive and not enough.Third, ignore the importance of practical activities.Some colleges and universities do not focus on training the practical ability of college students, do not ask the students to go out internships, leading students in realWe can not achieve the desired training requirements can not take the initiative to enhance the ability to adapt to society. Although colleges and universities in the use of Social Practice of College Students of creation and practice has accumulated a lot of experience, but from the social practice in Colleges we can easily find, there are still some deficiencies in the case had been successful. 3 such as social practice, saying the lack of targeted design, organization and implementation. Schools organized social practice too rigid, superficial, lacking depth, innovation and practical ability for university students organized social practice is rare. Universities to organize more students to visit factories and mines and even scenic, the lack of college students to take the initiative to innovative thinking, problem-solving space. There is social practice mechanism is not perfect, not managementUniform, scattered resources and social practice education base construction stagnation, and lack of community support issues and so on.2.2.3 unhealthy trends in societyCurrently exists on social bureaucracy, cronyism, through the back door and so unhealthy, it has eroded the ivory tower pure, have an impact on employment and employment orientation means college students. Professional employment relationship causing dislocation or low energy level dislocation endless pastures. Some lack of technical expertise, can not do their job relationship between the families occupy professional positions, formed in the post of staff quality degrada