2021版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors課后達(dá)標(biāo)檢測(cè) 新人教版選修8

unit 5 meeting your ancestors (建議用時(shí)：35分鐘).閱讀理解a(2020陜西部分學(xué)校摸底)three boys were enjoying themselves in their hometown of bovina, mississippi. however, their lives were turned upside down when they discovered the jawbone of a mastodon(乳齒象)brothers shawn and caid sellers and their cousin michael mahalitc found the prehistoric bone in a piece of earth that was recently plowed. “i thought it was a log，” caid said. “i tried to pick it up and it was really heavy and i saw teeth on it.” the bone weighed about 50 pounds. they eventually got the bone to their home and fitted it in their bathtub, but it took their collective strength, might and a golf cart, to carry the large mastodon bone.“they didnt expect to find that，” michaels mom said. “now they believe that they will be more aware of their surroundings and what theyre digging up when they are digging and playing.”“weve gotten a lot of petrified(石化的) wood and civil war relics from the area and thats what i thought it was，” the brothers mother said. “this is our first set of teeth weve found. so we thought it was their imagination. we were quite surprised to see that it was not their imagination.”they were exploring near the brothers home. its surprising that they saw what they thought resembled a fossil. it was the curator of paleontology(古生物學(xué)負(fù)責(zé)人) of the mississippi museum of natural science, george phillips, who first identified the bone as a “very mature individual”the mastodon was a mammal who lived during the prehistoric times. they had long tusks and trunks, like elephants. they were clearly different from their modern day counterparts, as well as woolly mammoths(猛犸)【解題導(dǎo)語】美國密西西比州的三個(gè)男孩在玩耍的時(shí)候無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)了乳齒象的下頜骨，起初他們并不知道這是史前動(dòng)物的遺骸。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)的遺骸對(duì)史前生物的研究有一定的促進(jìn)作用。1how did they find the jawbone of a mastodon?awith great efforts.bby chance.cinstructed by an expert. dthrough imagination.b解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“three boys were enjoying themselves.discovered the jawbone of a mastodon(乳齒象)”可知，他們是在玩耍的時(shí)候無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)乳齒象的下頜骨的。2the discovery of the jawbone of a mastodon is important mainly because it _ahelps people to know more about the civil warbteaches kids to be more aware of their surroundingscpromotes the research on more prehistoric creaturesdattracts the mississippi museum of natural sciencec解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“who first identified the bone as a very mature individual”并結(jié)合倒數(shù)第一段可知，乳齒象下頜骨的發(fā)現(xiàn)可以促進(jìn)對(duì)史前生物的研究。3which of the following can be the best title for the article?aprehistoric bones recently found in mississippibnot petrified wood nor civil war relicscfirst identifying bone as a “very mature individual”dunexpectedly discovering mastodon jawboned解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段并結(jié)合文章其他內(nèi)容可知，美國密西西比州的三個(gè)男孩在玩耍的時(shí)候無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)了乳齒象的下頜骨，起初他們并不知道這是史前動(dòng)物的遺骸，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)的遺骸對(duì)史前生物的研究有一定的促進(jìn)作用，故d項(xiàng)最適合作文章標(biāo)題。b(2020安徽六校聯(lián)考)the american dream is the faith held by many people in the united states of america that through hard work, courage, creativity and determination, they can achieve a better life for themselves. more specifically, they agree on how to get ahead in america: get a college education, find a reliable job, and buy their own house. but do americans still believe in that path, and if they do, is it attainable?the most recent national journal poll asked participants about the american dream, what it takes to achieve their goal, and whether or not they felt the control over their ability to be successful. obviously, the results show that today, the idea of the american dream and what it takes to achieve it looks quite different from it did in the late 20th century. generally speaking, people felt that their actions and hard worknot outside forcewere deciding their lives. but the participants had definitely mixed feelings about what actions make for a better life in the current economy.in the last seven years, americans have grown more pessimistic(悲觀的) about the power of education to lead to success. even though they see going to college as a fairly achievable goal, a majority52 percentthink that young people do not need a 4year college education in order to be successful.miguel maeda, 42, who has a masters degree and works in public health, was the first in his family to go to college, which has allowed him to achieve a sense of financial stability(穩(wěn)定) his parents and grandparents never did. while some, like maeda, emphasized the value of degree rather than the education itself, others still see college as a way to gain new viewpoints and life experiences. to fendley, a sense of drive and purpose, as well as an effective highschool education, and basic life skills, like balancing a checkbook(支票簿), are the necessary elements for a successful life in america.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。一項(xiàng)民意測(cè)驗(yàn)表明，美國人現(xiàn)在不像以前那么相信美國夢(mèng)了，有一半多的美國人認(rèn)為不接受大學(xué)教育也可以成功。4it used to be commonly acknowledged that to succeed in america, one had to have _aa sense of drive and purposeban advanced academic degreeca firm belief in his or her dreamdan ambition to get aheadb解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“more specifically, they agree on how to get ahead in america: get a college education, find a reliable job, and buy their own house.”可知，過去在美國，人們通常認(rèn)為一個(gè)人要成功必須獲得大學(xué)教育、有大學(xué)文憑。故正確答案為b。5what is the finding of the latest national journal poll concerning the american dream?amore and more americans are finding it hard to realize.bit remains alive among the majority of american people.can increasing number of young americans are abandoning it.damericans idea of it has changed over the past few decades.d解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“obviously, the results show that today, the idea of the american dream and what it takes to achieve it looks quite different from it did in the late 20th century.”可知，這次民意調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)在過去的幾十年里，美國人對(duì)美國夢(mèng)的看法已經(jīng)改變了。故正確答案為d。6what do americans now think of the role of college education in achieving success?ait still remains open to debate.bit has proved to be beyond doubt.cit is much better understood now than ever.dit is no longer as important as it used to be.d解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，現(xiàn)在美國人對(duì)大學(xué)教育能引領(lǐng)成功這一看法越來越悲觀，有一半多的美國人認(rèn)為成功并不需要大學(xué)教育。由此可知，現(xiàn)在美國人認(rèn)為大學(xué)教育對(duì)于成功來說并不像過去那么重要。故正確答案為d。7how do some people view college education these days?ait helps broaden their minds.bit needs to be strengthened.cit widens cultural diversity.dit promotes gender equality.a解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“while some, like maeda, emphasized the value of degree rather than the education itself, others still see college as a way to gain new viewpoints and life experiences.”可推知，如今一些人認(rèn)為大學(xué)教育能幫助擴(kuò)展他們的視野。故正確答案為a。【難句分析】miguel maeda, 42, who has a masters degree and works in public health, was the first in his family to go to college, which has allowed him to achieve a sense of financial stability(穩(wěn)定) his parents and grandparents never did.分析：本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。句子主干為miguel maeda was the first in his family to go to college。其中miguel maeda為主句的主語，系動(dòng)詞was是主句的謂語動(dòng)詞，the first in his family to go to college是主句中的表語。who has a masters degree and works in public health是非限制性定語從句，先行詞是miguel maeda，補(bǔ)充說明主語的情況，關(guān)系代詞who在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語。which has allowed him to achieve a sense of financial stability也是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，關(guān)系代詞which指代主句的內(nèi)容，在定語從句中作主語。his parents and grandparents never did是限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞a sense of financial stability，因?yàn)殛P(guān)系代詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，所以省略了關(guān)系代詞which/that，而且該定語從句為了避免重復(fù)，所以用did代替動(dòng)詞achieved。譯文：米格爾馬埃達(dá)，42歲，擁有碩士學(xué)位，從事公共衛(wèi)生工作。他是家中第一個(gè)上大學(xué)的人，這使他有了一種經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定的感覺，這是他的父母和祖父母從未有過的。.七選五(2020黑龍江六校一模)education is as important as the air everyone breathes. it is the most valuable possession a person must have. 1._， you certainly need to get educated. education is a must for a promising and secure future and a stable life.your educational degree is considered as a proof of your knowledge by many. if you are educated you have more chances of being heard and taken seriously. generally, an uneducated man will find it harder to express his views and opinions owning to lack of confidence. 2._moreover, education is of great help if you want to be a selfdependent person. and it benefits you in a lot of aspects in the life. 3._. you can guarantee stability in finance because of landing the good career.4_， education is a necessity. it contributes to doing away with the existing differences between different social classes. it opens a whole world of opportunities for the poor so that they may have an equal shot at wellpaid jobs. education also has a major role in women employment.we all live in a society which has its own set spoken or unspoken rules and one of them is education. the society expects you to go to school followed by college, get a job etc. 5._. an educated person certainly has a greater chance to make contributions to his community, and participate in the ongoing changes and developments of the society.aeducation gives you confidence to express your voicebthe more educated you are, the better options you havecto enjoy happiness and other good things society offersdif you want to see society as a just and harmonious placeeeducation is a factor that contributes to the communitys peacefeducated people will get wellpaid jobs based on more optionsgin fact, education helps you become a useful member of society【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，作者從幾個(gè)方面講述了教育的重要性。1c解析：依據(jù)下文中的“education is a must for a promising and secure future and a stable life.”和下面各段對(duì)教育作用的說明可知，空處總結(jié)說明教育的作用：能讓人享有幸福和美好事物。2a解析：依據(jù)空前提到的沒有受過教育的人的情況“generally, an uneducated man will find it harder to express his views and opinions owning to lack of confidence.”可知，空處應(yīng)與之對(duì)比，講述教育能賦予人表達(dá)自己觀點(diǎn)的自信，故選a項(xiàng)。3f解析：依據(jù)空后的“you can guarantee stability in finance because of landing the good career.”可知，空處是教育和工作的關(guān)系，也就是“受過教育的人有更多機(jī)會(huì)找到高薪的工作”。4d解析：本段主要講教育有助于消除社會(huì)不公平，為貧困的人提供獲得高薪工作的機(jī)會(huì)?？仗幩诰淇傤I(lǐng)該段內(nèi)容，即如果你想要社會(huì)公正、和諧，教育是必需的。5g解析：前一句說“社會(huì)期望你上學(xué)，然后上大學(xué)，工作等”， 下文說受教育者更有可能為社會(huì)做出貢獻(xiàn)，故g項(xiàng)“實(shí)際上，教育可以幫你成為社會(huì)中有用的一員”符合語境。.語法填空(2020豫南九校聯(lián)考)throughout history people have worn clothing of one description or another. apart 1._ protection against the weather, clothes were also often used 2._(show) the wearers status and wealth. over the years, many fashions in clothing have come and gone. while some of these have been popular for relatively short 3._(period), others have lasted longer.until the first half of the 20th century, the ability to follow fashion was limited to those 4._ had the money to do so. but following fashion did not only demand money, it also required large amounts of time. wealthy people took fashion very 5._(serious) and close attention had to 6._(pay) to details. wearing the correct clothes for different occasions 7._(be) very important, despite the fact that this often meant 8._(change) clothes five or six times a day.more recently, fashionable clothes have come within the reach of ordinary people. the 9._(tradition) methods of dressmaking, which usually involved sewing by hand, were both costly and slow. but todays clothing industry has made 10._ easier for people to keep up with changes in fashion without having to spend a great amount of money.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文介紹了時(shí)尚服裝由最初的僅在有錢人中盛行到逐步進(jìn)入普通人的生活的發(fā)展歷程。1from解析：考查介詞。句意：除了抵御天氣(的影響)，衣服還經(jīng)常被用來顯示穿衣者的地位和財(cái)富。apart from為固定搭配，意為“除了”，故填from。2to show解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意見上一題解析。be used to do sth.為固定搭配，意為“被用來做某事”，故填to show。3periods解析：考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：其中一些流行的時(shí)間相對(duì)較短，而另一些持續(xù)時(shí)間較長。period表示“一段時(shí)間；階段；周期”時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞，此處表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填periods。4who解析：考查定語從句。句意：直到20世紀(jì)上半葉，追隨時(shí)尚的能力只限于那些有錢人。先行詞為those，指人，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語，所以填who。5seriously解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：富人對(duì)時(shí)尚非常重視，他們對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的關(guān)注非常密切。設(shè)空處修飾動(dòng)詞took，應(yīng)用副詞，take sth. seriously意為“認(rèn)真對(duì)待某事；重視某事”。故填seriously。6be paid解析：考查動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)。句意見上一題解析。分析句子成分可知，pay與close attention之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)形式，且have to do sth.為固定搭配，意為“不得不做某事”，故填be paid。7was解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：在不同場合穿合適的衣服非常重要，盡管這通常意味著每天要換五到六次衣服。分析句子成分可知，設(shè)空處在句中作謂語，主語“wearing the correct clothes for different occasions”為動(dòng)名詞短語，表示單數(shù)概念，故謂語應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，根據(jù)上下文時(shí)態(tài)可知，此處敘述發(fā)生在過去的事情，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，故填was。8changing解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意見上一題解析。分析句子成分可知，本句中that后的從句已有謂語動(dòng)詞meant，設(shè)空處在句中作meant的賓語，且mean在此作“意味著”講，后應(yīng)跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，故填changing。9traditional解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：傳統(tǒng)制衣方法通常需要手工縫紉，既昂貴又緩慢。設(shè)空處在句中修飾名詞methods，應(yīng)用形容詞，故填traditional。10it解析：考查代詞。句意：但今天的服裝業(yè)使得人們不用花很多錢就能更容易地跟上時(shí)尚的變化。分析句子成分可知，本句中真正的賓語是動(dòng)詞不定式短語“to keep up with changes in fashion.”，設(shè)空處是形式賓語，故填it。 (建議用時(shí)：25分鐘)書面表達(dá)(滿分25分)假定你是李華， 你的英國朋友tim想在寒假時(shí)到中國旅游， 于是發(fā)郵件向你征求建議。請(qǐng)你回復(fù)一封郵件， 內(nèi)容包括：1推薦一個(gè)旅游城市；2給出推薦的理由。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。dear tim，_yours sincerely，li huaone possible version: dear_tim，knowing that youll visit china in the coming winter holiday, im writing to give you some suggestions on your trip.i recommend the capital city, beijing, to you, for it is an amazing city with a long history and a variety of places of interest. you may first go to tiananmen square, where many tourists admire the national flag being raised every early morning.the next place that you cant miss is the great wall, which is one of the great wonders in the world. the palace museum and the summer palace are well worth visiting, too. besides, the local snacks will surely be appealing to you.i hope you will find these suggestions helpful.yours_sincerely，li_hua (建議用時(shí)：25分鐘)書面表達(dá)(滿分25分)假定你是李華， 在英文報(bào)紙changjiang weekly上讀到了以下招募啟事。請(qǐng)?jiān)陂喿x啟事后寫一封應(yīng)征郵件。volunteers wantedthe 7th cism military world games, which will be held on oct.18th till 27th, 2019 in wuhan, is now looking for 100 student volunteers to provide service for the activity and 8, 000 competitors from all over the world. those who are socially active and good at spoken english will be especially welcome. if you are interested, please send an email to the editor.注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)， 以使行文連貫。dear editor，_yours truly，li huaone possible version: dear_editor，im li hua. ive learned from changjiang weekly that 100 student volunteers are wanted and i really want to seize this opportunity to become one of them. for one thing, i have such a good command of english that i can communicate freely with the participants in english. additionally, im a crazy fan of sports, which enables me to share something in common with the participants so that i will get along well with them. as an outgoing and helpful girl, im always willing to give a helping hand to those in need. having participated in several similar activities before, i know well what to expect in the event and how to handle emergencies. i am sure that ill be qualified enough to live up to your expectations. i would appreciate it if you could give me a chance.looking forward to your reply.yours_truly，li_hua (建議用時(shí)：25分鐘)書面表達(dá)(滿分25分)最近，你班開展了“尊敬父母”的主題班會(huì)活動(dòng)，請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下提示為某中學(xué)生英語報(bào)寫一則報(bào)道，內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)如下：1活動(dòng)目的；2不良現(xiàn)象及改進(jìn)措施；3活動(dòng)效果。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2報(bào)道必須包括所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)，可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。_one possible version: we have recently held a class meeting to discuss the importance of respecting our parents because it is one of the traditional chinese virtues. as most students today are the only child in their family, they often regard themselves as the center of the family, without caring much about their parents. we have listed ten dos to respect our parents, such as remembering our parents birthdays, expressing our lov