高考前冠詞考點(diǎn)梳理.doc

2012高考前冠詞考點(diǎn)梳理冠詞分為不定冠詞（a, an），定冠詞（the），和零冠詞。（一）不定冠詞的用法1指一類人或事，相當(dāng)于a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting for you.有個(gè)男孩在等你。3表示“每一”相當(dāng)于every，oneWe study eight hours a day.4表示“相同”相當(dāng)于the sameWe are nearly of an age.5用于人名前，表示不認(rèn)識(shí)此人或與某名人有類似性質(zhì)的人或事Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?Sorry, wrong number. There isnt_ Mr. Smith here.A. 不填 B. aC. the D. oneThat boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷鋒）6用于固定詞組中a couple of,a bit,once upon a time,in a hurry,have a walk,many a time,a waste of,in a mess7用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后This room is rather a big one.8用于so(as, too, how)+形容詞之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.9不定冠詞用于抽象名詞具體化的名詞前不定冠詞用于抽象名詞具體化的名詞前不定冠詞用于抽象名詞具體化的名詞前不定冠詞用于抽象名詞具體化的名詞前success(抽象名詞)a success(具體化) 成功的人或事a failure 失敗的人或事a shame 帶來恥辱的人或事a pity可惜或遺憾的事a must 必需必備的物或事a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知識(shí)a pleasure一件快樂的事10與序數(shù)詞連用，表示“又一，再一”In order to find a better job, he decided to study a second foreign language.為了找到一個(gè)更好的工作，他決定再學(xué)習(xí)另外一門外語。（二）定冠詞的用法1表示某一類人或物In many places in China, _ bicycle is still _ popular means of transportation.A. a; theB. /; a C. the; a D. the; the2用于世上獨(dú)一無二的事物名詞前the universe,the moon,the Pacific Ocean3表示說話雙方都了解的或上文提到過的人或事Would you mind opening the door?4用于演奏樂器play the violin,play the guitar5用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類人the rich,the living,the wounded6表示“一家人”或“夫婦”（對(duì)比上文的不定冠詞用法5）Could you tell me the way to _ Johnsons, please?Sorry, we dont have _ Johnson here in the village.A.the; theB.the; aC. /; theD. the; /7用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞副詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)前He is the taller of the two children.8用于國家黨派等以及江河湖海，山川群島的名詞前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French9用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前The compass was invented in China.10在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞之前，指世紀(jì)的某個(gè)年代in the 1990s（二十世紀(jì)九十年代）11用于表示度量單位的名詞前I hired the car by the hour.12用于方位名詞，身體部位名詞He patted me on the shoulder.13與比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)連用與比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)連用與比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)連用與比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)連用與比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)連用與比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)連用與比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)連用比較級(jí)+ and +比較級(jí)表示“越來越”The harder he works, the happier he feels.表示兩者間“較的一個(gè)”比較級(jí)前加theWho is the older of the two boys?三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度時(shí)，用“the + 最高級(jí)”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。這種句式一般常有表示比較范圍的介詞短語。Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.（三）不用冠詞（又名零冠詞）的用法1專有名詞，物質(zhì)名詞，抽象名詞，人名地名等名詞前不用冠詞Beijing University, air, love, Jack, China2名詞前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制時(shí)不用冠詞I want this book, not that one.Whose purse is this?3季節(jié)，月份，星期，節(jié)假日，一日三餐前不用冠詞Spring,March,Sunday,National Day, breakfast4表示職位，身份，頭銜的名詞( 作表語、同位語、補(bǔ)足語）前不用冠詞Lincoln was made President of America.5表示球類，棋類等運(yùn)動(dòng)的名詞前不用冠詞He likes playing football/chess.6與by連用表示交通方式的名詞前不用冠詞We went to the west coast by _ sea instead of driving across _continent.A. the; the B.不填；theC. the; 不填 D. 不填；不填7以and連接的兩個(gè)相對(duì)的名詞并用時(shí)不用冠詞husband and wife,knife and fork,day and night8表示泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞Horses are useful animals.（四）有無冠詞意義不同（常見的詞組）by day在白天 by the day按天計(jì)算in case of以防in the case of就來說in charge of負(fù)責(zé)，管理in the charge of由負(fù)責(zé)in office執(zhí)政in the office在辦公室in sight(of)看見in the sight(of)在看來go to sea去當(dāng)水手go to the sea到海邊去out of question毫無疑問out of the question不可能take advice征求意見take the advice聽從勸告go to church去做禮拜go to the church去教堂in prison坐牢in the prison在監(jiān)獄特別提示：當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)名詞表示地點(diǎn)時(shí)，其前用定冠詞；表示在這一地點(diǎn)所發(fā)生的活動(dòng)時(shí)，其前不加冠詞。如：He went to the bed and fetched me a magazine before he went to bed.他睡覺前到床邊給我拿了本雜志。The day before yesterday he went to the hospital to see his friend injured in an accident, but now he was also in hospital because of an accident.冠詞是歷年高考的?？键c(diǎn), 在語法填空題型中尤其是不會(huì)錯(cuò)過的考點(diǎn)。主要考查冠詞在具體語境中的運(yùn)用，考查內(nèi)容包括定冠詞和不定冠詞的用法區(qū)別，名詞前不用冠詞的情況，特指與泛指以及習(xí)語中的冠詞用法。How about taking _short break? I want to make _call.A. the; a B. a; theC. the; theD. a; a【解析】答案為D。take a short break“休息一會(huì)兒”， make a call“打一個(gè)電話”。Christmas is_ special holiday when _whole family are supposed to get together.A. the; the B. a; a C. the; a D. a; the【解析】答案為D。a special holiday指“某一個(gè)特別的節(jié)日”；the whole family為特指。I looked under_bed and found books I lost last week.A. the; a B. the；the C. 不填；the D. the; 不填【解析】答案為B。此題中的the bed和the books都為特指。the bed 指“所看的床”；the books指“所丟的書”。I like_color of your skirt. It is _good match for your blouse.A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the【解析】答案為C。 the color指“你襯衫的顏色”；a good match泛指“和你的外套相配的一種好顏色”。George couldnt remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was Sunday because everybody was at church.A. /; the B. the; / C. a; / D. /; a【解析】答案為C。a Sunday泛指某一個(gè)星期天；at church為固定搭配，不用冠詞，意為“在做禮拜”。Many people have come to realize that they should go on _balanced diet and make room in their day for exercise.A. a; /B. the; a C. the; the D. /; a【解析】答案為A。a balanced diet泛指“一種平衡的飲食”；make room為固定搭配，意為“騰出空間”。Many people have come to realize that they should go on balanced diet and make room in their day for exercise.A. a;不填B. the; aC. the; the D.不填; a【解析】答案為A。分析句子可知，第一個(gè)空用“a”表示“一種”，某些不可數(shù)的抽象名詞前用不定冠詞表示某種具體的情況或概念。第二個(gè)空不用冠詞，make room意為“騰出空間（時(shí)間）”為固定短語。How about _Christmas evening party?I should say it was _success.A. a; a B. the; a C. a; 不填D. the; 不填【解析】答案為B。the Christmas evening party為特指剛結(jié)束的圣誕晚會(huì)；a success考查抽象名詞具體化時(shí)的不定冠詞用法。success原為抽象名詞，不可數(shù), 但在此處已經(jīng)完全具體化而變?yōu)榭蓴?shù)名詞。題中a success意為“一次成功的晚會(huì)”。當(dāng)抽象名詞表示具有某種特性、狀態(tài)、情感、情緒的人和事時(shí)，這個(gè)抽象名詞已經(jīng)變?yōu)榭蓴?shù)名詞，再如What a pleasant surprise you gave us! 意為“你真的給我們帶來了驚喜”。We went right round to the west coast by sea instead of driving across continent.A. the; the B.不填;the C. the; 不填 D.不填;不填【解析】答案為B。 by sea意為“經(jīng)海路”；by the sea意為“在海邊”；表示大陸、大洋等的名詞前通常要加定冠詞。George couldnt remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was Sunday because everybody was at church.A./; the B. the; / C. a; / D./; a【解析】答案為C。不定冠詞用于表示星期的名詞前，泛指“某個(gè)星期幾”；at church表示“做禮拜”，at the church表示“在教堂”。故本題選C。1.What about _ job?Its too difficult _ job for me.A. the; a B. the; theC. a; the D. a; a【答案及解析】A 第一空是特指，第二空是泛指。2.Duncan, _ NBA star, is one of _ few basketball players who are very popular to many of his Chinese fans.A. an; theB. an; a C. the; theD. the; a【答案及解析】A 第一空泛指“一個(gè)NBA籃球明星”；第二空考查短語中的冠詞，the few表示：特指為數(shù)不多的幾個(gè)籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員。3.Our graduation party was success. We sang and danced until it came to end at ten oclock.A. a; theB. a; an C. the; anD. / ; /【答案及解析】B 此處a success抽象名詞具體化，表示“一件成功的事情”；come to an end是固定短語，表示“結(jié)束”。4.Really? Who will give lecture?Mr. Wang, famous professor from Nanjing University.A. the; / B. a; theC. the; aD. a; a【答案及解析】C 第一空指說話雙方都知道的那個(gè)演講，故使用the修飾；介紹某人表示“一個(gè)的人”時(shí)，名詞前面應(yīng)用不定冠詞。5.It was _ surprise that my first teacher, already 90, was still living and in _ good health.A. the; a B. /; a C. a; /D. a; the【答案與解析】Ca surprise一件讓人吃驚的事，是抽象名詞具體化；in good health是固定短語，意為“身體好”。6.Although everything seems to have been taken into consideration, _ accident can happen when the astronauts walk in _ space.A. /; the B. an; theC. the; theD. an; /【答案與解析】D。第一空填不定冠詞表泛指，第二空space“太空”前不加冠詞，故選D項(xiàng)。7.Nowadays it is difficult for people to find _work because _ economic situation in world is very serious.A. /; anB. /; the C. the; theD. a; /【答案與解析】Bwork是不可數(shù)名詞，表泛指，所以第一空不用冠詞；第二空特指“世界經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)”，故用定冠詞the。句意為：因?yàn)閲?yán)峻的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)，現(xiàn)在人們找工作已經(jīng)很困難了。8.A new research suggests cutting _ global warming pollution would not only make _planet healthier, but also make people healthier.A. the; a B. /; /C. /; the D. the; the【答案與解析】Cglobal warming pollution是泛指概念，不用冠詞；the planet特指地球，用定冠詞。9.By _ nature, you are an adventurer, full of amazement and curiosity about _ world bigger than life itself.A. a; the B. the; the C. /; aD. the; /【答案與解析】C固定短語by nature表示“天生，生性”，故第一空不需要填冠詞；第二空填不定冠詞a表示泛指。10. According to recent reports, one of the rare animals, _ crocodile, is in _ danger of dying out.A. a; theB. /; aC. /; the D. the; /【答案與解析】Dthe crocodile特指上文中的稀有動(dòng)物之一，所以前面要加定冠詞。in danger of處于危險(xiǎn)之中，為一固定短語。11.Geneva, _ city in Switzerland, is _ center of Switzerlands watch and jewelrymaking industries.A. the; a B. a; the C. a; /D. /; the【答案與解析】B第一空a city構(gòu)成同位