Unit 9 Can you come to my party 知識講解.doc

Unit 9 Can you come to my party?詞句精講精練詞匯精講1. prepare forprepare作動詞,意為“準備”。其用法歸納如下:（1） prepare sth.意為“準備”,賓語是所準備的內(nèi)容。例如:Mother was preparing dinner in the kitchen. 媽媽在廚房準備飯菜。He had a speech to prepare that evening.那天晚上他得準備一個報告。（2） prepare to do sth. 表示“準備做某事”。例如:Taking out a piece of paper, he prepared to write to his parents. 他拿出紙,準備給父母寫信。He is preparing to go on a trip. 他正準備去旅行。（3） prepare for sth.表示“為做準備”。例如：He is busy preparing with great care for the Congress.他們正忙著精心準備這次代表大會。Hope for the best and prepare for the worst. 抱最好的希望,做最壞的準備。（4） prepare sth. for. 表示“為準備某物”。例如:Please prepare the table for the dinner. 請擺好桌子吃飯。You must prepare a room for the guest. 你必須為客人準備一個房間。 2. hang outhang out是動副結(jié)構(gòu)的短語，意為“閑逛”。例如： I hung out with my friends and took lots of photos. 我和朋友們一起閑逛，還拍了許多照片。【拓展】 hang的其他搭配：hang about=hang around 閑逛，徘徊，逗留；hang up掛斷（電話）；hang on不掛斷； hang意為“逗留，懸掛”時，過去式和過去分詞都是hung；hang還有“吊死，絞死”的意思，但當hang意為“吊死，絞死”時，其過去式和過去分詞都是hanged。例如：Thick clouds hung low and covered the sky.厚厚的云低懸著，遮住了整個天空。He was hanged at Landsberg prison on June 8, 1951.他與1951年6月9日在蘭茨貝格監(jiān)獄被絞死。3. inviteinvite作及物動詞，意為“邀請，招待”。常用結(jié)構(gòu)為：invite sb. to do，invite sb.+副詞或介詞短語，表示“邀請某人做某事, 邀某人去某地”。例如：Theyve invited us to stay for the weekend.他們已邀請我們留下來度周末。Who have you invited to your house for your birthday party?你請了誰到家里來參加你的生日晚會？4. acceptaccept作動詞，意為“同意, 承認”。例如： It is generally accepted that smoking is harmful to our health. 吸煙有害健康，這是大家公認的。【拓展】 receive與accept的辨析：兩個詞都作動詞用，都表示“接受，收到”之意，但在用法上有所不同。receive表示的行為與主觀意愿沒有關(guān)系，著重于行為本身，不涉及收到者是否同意。動作本身有一定的被動性。accept表示的行為由主語的主觀意志所決定，強調(diào)經(jīng)過主語的考慮而接受。動作本身是主動的。例如： I received his invitation to the party yesterday, but I refused to accept it. 昨天我收到了他的晚會請柬，但我拒絕接收。5. refuserefuse作動詞，意為“拒絕”。常用搭配有：refuse to do sth.拒絕做某事 (作為不及物動詞) ；refuse sb. sth.為某事拒絕某人（作為及物動詞） 例如：He refused to change his mind.他拒絕改變主意。The United States has refused him a visa.美國拒絕給他發(fā)放簽證。She refused their invitation.她拒絕了他們的邀請。6. replyreply既可作不及物動詞，又可作及物動詞，還可作名詞。（1）作不及物動詞，意為“回答”，可用“reply to(sb. /sth. )”表示“對做出回答”。例如：He failed to reply to my question. 他沒能回答我的問題。What did he do in reply to your challenge? 你提出與他較量，他做何反應(yīng)?（2）作及物動詞時，其意為“回答，回答說”。例如：He replied that this was absolutely impossible.他回復(fù)說這是絕對不可能的。She sighed, but didnt reply. 她嘆了口氣，沒有回答。（3）作名詞時，意思為“答道，答復(fù)”。例如：A few weeks later I received a reply.幾個星期后，我收到了她的回信。I called out a challenge, but there was no reply.我提出挑戰(zhàn)，但是沒人回應(yīng)。7. withoutwithout是介詞，意為“無，沒有”，后接名詞、代詞或動詞的-ing形式。without構(gòu)成的介詞短語具有否定含義，在句中相當于構(gòu)成了否定句。例如： I cant do it without your help. 沒有你的幫助，我不能做這件事。 He went to school this morning without having breakfast. 他今天早上沒吃早飯就去上學了?！就卣埂?without的反義詞是with，表示“擁有，帶有”。例如：She was a lively young woman with patience and imagination.她是個充滿活力的年輕女性，富有忍耐力和想象力。 Mr. Brown bought a garden with a beautiful lake.布朗先生買了一個帶有漂亮湖泊的花園。8. surprisedsurprised 是形容詞，意為“吃驚的，感到驚訝的”，句子的主語通常是人。例如：Im surprised at the accident. 我對這起事故感到很吃驚。How surprised the students are!學生們是多么吃驚啊！【拓展】（1）surprising也是形容詞，意為“吃驚的，令人驚訝的”，常修飾物。例如：He told me something surprising. 他告訴我一些令人吃驚的事情。(2) surprise作動詞時，意為“使驚奇，使感到意外、吃驚”。例如： What surprised you? 什么事使你感到意外？（3) surprise作名詞時，意為“吃驚，驚訝”。這種吃驚可能包含著“高興、害怕或憂慮”。例如： He gave me a surprise by arriving early. 他的早到使我大感意外。（4）作名詞用時還可構(gòu)成短語： to ones surprise意為“使某人吃驚的是”。 in surprise意為“吃驚地”。 例如： To my surprise, he passed the exam. 使我吃驚是，他竟然通過了考試。 He looked at me in surprise. 他吃驚地望著我。9. available（1）available作形容詞，意為“現(xiàn)成可使用的，可獲得的，便利的，有效的”。例如： Ill send you all the books available. 我將把我能得到的書給你寄去。My bicycle is not available, and it is being repaired.我的自行車現(xiàn)在不能用, 因為正在修理。The season ticket is available for three months. 季票有效期為三個月。（2）available還表示“可會見的,可取得聯(lián)系的”。例如： The doctor is not available now. 醫(yī)生現(xiàn)在沒空。He was not always available to everyone. 并不是人人總能找到他。10. missmiss為動詞，意為“想念，思念”。例如： Ill miss you when you go to Canada. 你到了加拿大以后，我一定會想你。 【拓展】(1) miss作動詞還有“未擊中，未抓住”的意思。例如： I tried to hit the ball but I missed. 我努力地想擊中球，但卻未成功。(2) miss還可意為“未趕上，錯過”，是動詞。例如： I missed the football match on TV last night. 我錯過了昨天晚上電視中的足球賽。(3) miss與like; mind; finish; enjoy; practice; be busy; stop; cant help; give up等詞一樣后接動詞的-ing形式。例如： I dont want to miss seeing that film on television tonight.我不想錯過今晚在電視上看那部影片的機會。詞匯精練 I. 英漢詞組互譯。1. prepare for _ 2. 閑逛_3. take a trip _ 4. 答復(fù)某事_5. hear from sb._ 6. 后天 _7. another time_ 8. 盼望，期待 _9. turn down_ 10. 前天 _II. 根據(jù)漢語或首字母提示補全單詞。1Lets play football tomorrow!SorryIm afraid I cantI have to study for an e_2Whats wrong with you，Mum?I have the _(流感)，and I feel terrible3Are you a_ after school? NoIm very busyI have to look after my little cousin4. She was polite but she didnt _(邀請) me in.5Can you a_ the gift from MrGreen? YesI like it very much6. We asked him to come, but he _(拒絕). 7Do you know how to c_ a fish in the water? YesIts easy8. Man cant live w_air and water.III. 從方框中選擇適當?shù)膯卧~并用其正確形式完成句子。 help，meet，prepare，too many，have，play，too much 1Im going to _ my friends tomorrow2Can you _ your parents at home? Of courseI often help them do housework3What are their doing? They _ for the Chinese test4Whats the matter，Tim? Well，I _ the flu5Can you _ tennis with me? SureLets go6. Would you like to play soccer tomorrow morning? Id love to，but I have _ homework to do7. There are _ people in the supermarket IV. 用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當形式填空。 1The grandmother _(have) to stay at home to look after her baby2Id love _(help)you3Thanks for _(ask)me to your party4They all look forward to _(visit)their new house5Lets help the old woman _(cross) the road6They invite their teacher _(come)to the party7I refuse _(accept)his invitation8We are all _(surprise)at the _(surprise)news9Who is making an _(invite)，do you know?10Tomorrow well have _(a)exam.【參考答案】I. 英漢詞組互譯。1.為做準備 2.hang out 3.去旅行 4. reply to sth. 5.收到某人來信 6.the day after tomorrow 7.別的時間 8. look forward to 9.拒絕 10. the day before yesterdayII. 根據(jù)漢語或首字母提示補全單詞。1. exam 2. flu 3.available 4. invite 5. accept 6.refused 7. catch 8. withoutIII. 從方框中選擇適當?shù)膯卧~并用其正確形式完成句子。1.meet 2.help 3.are preparing 4.have 5. play 6.too much 7.too many IV. 用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當形式填空。1.has 2.to help 3.asking 4.visiting 5.(to)cross 6.to come 7.to accept 8.surprised,surpring 9.invitation 10.an句式精講1. Can you come to my party? can是最常用的情態(tài)動詞，其后接動詞原形，否定形式為cant。用法如下：(1) can表示有能力做或能夠發(fā)生，有“能，會”的意思。例如： I can run fast. 我能跑得快。 She can speak Japanese. 她會說日語?！咀⒁狻縞an在表示“能力”時，可與be able to互換使用，be able to 有更多的時態(tài)，常被用來表示can所不能表示的將來時或完成時。例如： They will be able to run the machine on their own in three months. 三個月后，他們能自己操作這臺機器。(2) can表示允許，意為“可以”。例如： Can I read your newspaper? 我可以看一下你的報紙嗎？ You can put your bike here. 你可以把自行車放在這里。(3) can用于疑問、否定或感嘆句中，意為“會，可能”。例如： This cant be true. 這不可能是真的。 Today is Sunday. He cant be at school. 今天是周日，他不可能上學。(4) can 表示可能性，意為“可以，可能”。例如： Our classroom can seat 50 students. 我們教室能坐50名學生。2. Oh, but Sam isnt leaving until next Wednesday.until意為“直到”，有下列用法：作介詞，后接時間名詞，在句中作時間狀語。作連詞，后接從句，引導時間狀語從句。 例如： We waited until the rain stopped. 我們等到雨停了。 She stayed there until 9 oclock. 她一直等到9點鐘?！就卣埂?(1) until用在肯定句中，多與持續(xù)性的動詞連用。如stand/wait/stay等，表示主句動作的終止時間。 (2) until可用于否定句中，即notuntil意為“直到才”，常與非延續(xù)性動詞連用。如open/start/leave/arrive等，強調(diào)主句動作開始的時間。例如： The child didnt go to bed until his father came back. 直到父親回來，那個孩子才睡覺。3. I have to study for a math test.have to意為“不得不，必須”，表示客觀情況要求某人必須做某事，有人稱和時態(tài)的變化，后接動詞原形。例如： She isnt very well these days and she has to stay at home. 她這些天身體不太好，不得不待在家里。Do you have to do everything? 什么事都得你做嗎？She doesnt have to come this afternoon. 今天下午她不必來?！就卣埂?must與have to的辨析： have to側(cè)重于客觀需要，含有“不得不”或“被迫”之意，有多種時態(tài)形式；否定式為dont have to意為“不必”。 must側(cè)重于說話者的主觀看法，認為有必要或有義務(wù)去做某事；只有現(xiàn)在時一種形式（在賓語從句中可以表示過去）；否定式mustnt 意為“一定不要；不允許”。例如： You must do your homework first. 你必須先做作業(yè)。 Its raining. I have to stay at home. 正在下雨，我不得不待在家里。4. She helped me to improve my English so much.help常用在句式： help somebody (to) do something.或help somebody with something.意為“幫助某人做某事”。例如：I have to help my parents with the housework. 我得幫助我的父母做家務(wù)。 Sometimes I help my mother do the cooking. 有時候我?guī)臀夷赣H做飯?！就卣埂縣elp的常用短語：cant help doing sth 意為“禁不住做某事”。例如：She couldnt help crying when she heard the bad news.當她聽到那個壞消息時，禁不住哭了。help oneself to 意為“隨便用”。例如：Help yourself to some fish. 隨便吃點魚吧。with the help of 表示“在的幫助下”。例如：I work out the problem with the help of the computer.借助電腦，我解決了這個問題。5. Let me know if you need my help. 從屬連詞if, whether引導的賓語從句是由一般疑問句或選擇疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化而來的，變成從句后，語序由原來的倒裝語序變成陳述語序。whether和if意為“是否”。例如：Let us know whether / if you can finish the work before Friday.請讓我們知道你是否能在星期五以前把工作做完。I dont care whether you like the story or not. 我不在乎你是否喜歡這個故事?！就卣埂?if意為“是否”時，引導賓語從句；if意為“如果”時，引導條件狀語從句。要注意在含有if引導的條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句中，如果主句是一般將來時、祈使句或含有情態(tài)動詞的句子，if引導的從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。例如：If the rain doesnt stop, we will stay here. 如果這場雨不停的話，我們就呆在這兒。Hurry up, or you will be late. 快點，否則你就遲到了。6. What a great idea！What a great idea！是一感嘆句式，感嘆句的句型結(jié)構(gòu)如下：通常由what或how引導，一般各有三種情況：What引導的感嘆句： （1）What a(an)形容詞可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式主語謂語！ What a new watch it is! 多新的一塊手表??！ （2）What形容詞可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式主語謂語！ What interesting books the children are reading! 孩子們讀的書多么有趣?。?（3）What形容詞不可數(shù)名詞主語謂語！ What important news it is! 多重要的新聞啊！How引導的感嘆句： （1）How形容詞或副詞主語謂語！ How tall the girl is! 那個女孩多高?。。?) How形容詞a(an)可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式主語謂語！ How heavy a box they are carrying! 他們抬的箱子多重??！ （3) How主語謂語！ How time flies! 時間過得多快！句式精練I. 根據(jù)漢語提示完成下列句子。（每空一詞）1星期三你能來參加我的聚會嗎？ _ you _ _ my party _ Wednesday?2我得去看望我的姑姑。 I _ _ visit my aunt3這個周末我有太多的作業(yè)要做。 I have _ homework _ do this weekend4. 我在期待你的回復(fù)。 Im looking _ to your _.5感謝邀請。 _ _ asking6我很樂意幫助你學英語。 I am glad _ _ you _ your English7. 我想他不會拒絕我的。 I _ _ he _ _ me. 8. 如果你錯過了這次機會，還會有另一個機會的。 _ chance will come along _ _ _ this one. 9. 我還沒有把握確定我們是否能贏。Im not yet_ _we could win. 10. 直到媽媽告訴他，他才認識到自己的錯誤。He _ _his mistake_ his mother told him.II. 按要求變換句式。1Can you come to my birthday party? (作肯定回答) _2What a good idea it is! (改為陳述句) It is _3We like her because she is a nice teacher(就劃線部分提問) _4I am going to study for the English test this evening(就劃線部分提問) _5What about planning a party for her? (改為同義句) _ planning a party for her？6The new city is beautiful.（改為感嘆句）_ the new city is !7The weather is bad，please stay at home.（改為感嘆句）_ it is! Please stay at home8I have to study for a test(變?yōu)榉穸ň? I _ study for a test9Can Mary go to your birthday party? (做出否定回答) _.10I often visit my aunt on Sundays(用the day after tomorrow改寫句子) Ill _ my aunt _.III. 從方框中選擇恰當?shù)倪x項補全對