外研版高中英語必修五課文預(yù)讀學(xué)案 ：Module 6 Period Three.doc

period threegrammar & writing單元語法復(fù)習(xí)定語從句課文原句感知1.on a freezing cold day in january 1994，jiesang suonandajie found what he was looking fora group of poachers who were killing the endangered tibetan antelope.2.in the battle which followed jiesang was shot and killed.3.often working at night，the poachers shoot whole herds of antelopes at a time，leaving only the babies，whose wool is not worth so much.4.the animals are skinned on the spot and the wool taken to india，where it is made into the shawls.5.sometimes there were gunfights，like the one in which jiesang suonandajie was killed.6.meanwhile，in those countries where the shawls are sold，police are getting tough with the dealers.定語從句在句中起定語作用，修飾某一名詞或代詞。定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞，定語從句放在先行詞后面。定語從句分為兩類：限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。連接先行詞與從句的詞稱為關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that，which，who，whom，whose，as等；關(guān)系副詞有where，when，why等。一、由關(guān)系代詞who，whom，whose，which，that引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系詞說明成分備注who代替人主語、賓語作賓語時可以省略whom代替人賓語whose代替人或物定語which代替物主語、賓語that代替人或物主語、賓語the boys who are playing football are from class one.正在踢足球的男孩們來自一班。football is a game which is liked by most boys.足球是一項大部分男孩喜歡的運動。is there anyone in your department whose father is a painter？你們系里有誰的父親是畫家嗎？the classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.the classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.門壞了的教室將很快會被修理。二、“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時，從句常由“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)。the school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.the school in which he once studied is very famous.他曾經(jīng)就讀的學(xué)校非常有名。2.若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時用whom，不可用who或者that；指物時用which，不能用that；關(guān)系代詞是所有格時用whose。the man with whom you talked is my friend.和你說話的那個人是我的朋友。the plane in which we flew to canada is very comfortable.我們乘坐的去加拿大的飛機非常舒適。三、由關(guān)系副詞when，where，why引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.when代替時間，在從句中作時間狀語；where代替地點，在從句中作地點狀語；why代替原因，在從句中作原因狀語。它們的含義相當(dāng)于“介詞which”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和此結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。there are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。beijing is the place where (in which) i was born.北京是我的出生地。is this the reason why (for which) he quit the job?這是他辭職的理由嗎？2.“from where”結(jié)構(gòu)，也可以引導(dǎo)定語從句。we stood at the top of the hill，from where we can see the town.我們站在山頂上，從那里我們能看見那個城鎮(zhèn)。3.在定語從句中，基于意義上的需要，可以在some，any，few，several，many，all，both，none，neither，either，each，enough，half，one，two等詞之后接of whom或of which。in the room there are lots of people，many of whom i dont know.房間里有很多人，其中很多我不認(rèn)識。四、限制性定語從句只能用that的幾種情況1.如果先行詞是all，much，little，anything，something，nothing，everything，none，some等不定代詞時，關(guān)系代詞一般只用that，不用which。is there anything that i can do for you?我能為你做些什么嗎？2.如果先行詞被the only，the very，the right，the same，the last，the best等詞修飾時，關(guān)系代詞常用that(指人時，還可以用who)。this is the very book that i want to find.這就是我想找的那本書。that is the best film that we have seen.這是我們看過的最好的電影。i was the only person in my office that/who was invited.我是我們辦公室唯一被邀請的人。3.當(dāng)先行詞被all，every，no，some，any，little，much修飾時。all the people that are present burst into tears.在場的所有人都哭了。you can take any seat that is free.你可以坐任何空著的座位。4.當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級或被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。when people talk about hangzhou，the first that comes to mind is the west lake.當(dāng)人們談及杭州時，第一個想到的就是西湖。it is the first foreign book that i have ever seen.這是我看過的第一本外文書。this is the most beautiful flower that i have seen.這是我見過的最美的花。5.在there be句型中，常用that。there is a man that lives in that village.在那個村莊里住著一個人。6.先行詞既有人又有物時，關(guān)系代詞用that。the boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.圖畫中的小男孩和小狗非?？蓯邸?.當(dāng)主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時，關(guān)系代詞用that。which are the books that you bought for me?哪些書是你給我買的？五、限制性和非限制性定語從句定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號分開。翻譯時常常不譯作定語，而是譯成與主句并列的句子。this is the house which we bought last month.這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。my house，which i bought last year，has got a lovely garden.我的房子有個漂亮的花園，這房子是我去年買的。注意關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。六、關(guān)系代詞as和which引導(dǎo)的定語從句as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有相同之處也有不同之處。1.as和which都可以在定語從句中作主語或者賓語，代表前面整個句子。he married her，as/which was natural.他娶了她，這是意料之中的。2.as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個主句；which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如，正像”的意思。as is known to all，china is a developing country.眾所周知，中國是一個發(fā)展中國家。he is from the south，as we can see from his accent.他是從南方來的，我們從他的口音可以聽出來。john，as you know，is a famous writer.正如你所知道的，john是一個有名的作家。he has been to paris more than several times，which i dont believe.我不相信他已經(jīng)去過巴黎好多次了。注意當(dāng)主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時，常用which。tom was always late for school，which made his teacher angry.湯姆上學(xué)總是遲到，這讓他的老師很生氣。3.當(dāng)先行詞由such，the same修飾時，常用as。i have never heard such a story as he tells.我從來沒有聽過他講的那樣的故事。he is not such a fool as he looks.他并不像看上去那樣傻。this is the same book as i lost last week.這和我上星期丟的那本書一樣。4.以the way為先行詞的定語從句，并且在從句中作狀語時，通常由in which，that引導(dǎo)，而且通?？梢允÷浴he way (in which/that) he answered the question was surprising.他回答問題的方式令人吃驚。.用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞或“介詞關(guān)系代詞”填空1.like anything，it is possible to have too much of both，which is not good for the health.(2017全國) 2.but sarah，who has taken part in shows along with top models wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.(2017全國)3.many young people，most of whom were well-educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.(2016江蘇)4.scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved.(2016浙江)5.i live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.(2016北京)6.we will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.(2016天津)7.some people think that the great chinese scholar confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 b.c.，influenced the development of chopsticks.(2016全國)8.some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.(2015安徽)9.opposite is st.pauls church，where you can hear some lovely music.(2015北京)10.it is a truly delightful place，which looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.(2015湖南)11.the number of smokers，as is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.(2015江蘇)12.creating an atmosphere in which/where employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.(2015浙江).單句改錯(每小題僅有1處錯誤)1.in their spare time，they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden， is on the rooftop of their house.(2017全國，短文改錯)2.around me in the picture are the things were very important in my life at that time.(2017全國，短文改錯)3.the dishes 或what i cooked were moms favorite.(2016四川，短文改錯)4.having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner， might not be served until 8 oclock at night.(2013新課標(biāo)全國，短文改錯)5.there，katia will introduce me to some of her friends，one of has been to china several times.(2011重慶，短文改錯)6.it turned out to be her own cup， shed left on the shelf by mistake.(2010陜西，短文改錯).用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1.what do you think of the holiday that/which we spent together last year?2.he talked about a writer whose books are popular among young people.3.the children，all of whom had played the whole day long，were worn out.4.that was the reason why the teacher criticized him yesterday.5.china today attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more people want to learn about china.句型轉(zhuǎn)換6.great changes have taken place in the town where they live.great changes have taken place in the town in which they live.7.is that the proper way you spoke to your mother?is that the proper way that you spoke to your mother?is that the proper way in which you spoke to your mother?8.we live in a house，whose windows face south.we live in a house，the windows of which /of which the windows face south.9.he is such an honest person that we all like him.he is such an honest person as we all like.10.tell me the reason why you came late.tell me the reason for which you came late.語法填空(2018山西靈丘一中高二期中)why is it so important to protect cultural relics? well，one reason is that cultural relics can help us understand how people 11.lived(live) in the past.however，it isnt easy to know what life was like.when we try to learn about the past，we can only see the things 12.which/that have survived.these things from the past can tell us something about everyday life in ancient times.in egypt，important people 13.were buried(bury) in large tombs where they put lots of everyday objects.because the tombs were locked and 14.hidden(hide)，the things stayed there for thousands of years.thanks 15.to this，we know that the ancient egyptians lived in houses 16.made(make) of bricks，that ancient egyptian women wore make-up，and that most people slept on 17.wooden(wood) beds.the objects can give us an idea of how people lived and how they probably thought.protecting our cultural relics is an important task and we should take it 18. seriously(serious).we are protecting our history so that people in the future 19.will know(know) about it.we are also helping ourselves and our children to better understand who we are and where we come from.this is 20.why we are working so hard to protect our cultural relics.單元寫作writing a description of an animal本單元的寫作目標(biāo)是要描寫一種動物，這類文章屬于說明文的范疇，以“說明”為主要表達(dá)方式，用來介紹動物的類屬、生活習(xí)性、生存狀態(tài)、外貌特征等，可對描述的對象作總體概括介紹，給人以直觀的總體認(rèn)識，然后進(jìn)行具體說明，目的在于使人知道、了解此種動物。所以，文章多用一般現(xiàn)在時。文章應(yīng)合理安排結(jié)構(gòu)，注意行文的條理清晰，在動筆之前要想好描述順序，句與句之間怎樣銜接，段與段之間怎樣聯(lián)系。1.if human beings dont protect endangered animals，theyll probably disappear soon.2.everyone should come to realize the importance of protecting endangered animals.3.imagine what the world would be like without animals or plants.4.its important for us to.humans and animals are friends.5.we should protect.from.6.we shouldnt benefit from.7.it is wrong to hunt for.8.it has an important effect on.大熊貓是中國的國寶。請根據(jù)下列提示寫一篇英語短文，介紹大熊貓。1.大熊貓是中國的稀有動物，也是世界稀有動物之一，為中國人民和世界人民所喜愛；2.大熊貓生長在山里，以竹筍為食；由于山林遭到破壞，竹子被砍伐，大熊貓覓食越來越困難，瀕臨滅絕；3.我國已經(jīng)建立數(shù)個自然保護(hù)區(qū)，但需要更多的資金；4.希望大家伸出援助之手來保護(hù)它們。注意：詞數(shù)100左右。寫作要求是根據(jù)提示描寫一種動物，寫作時應(yīng)注意下面幾點：1.確定文體：這是一篇說明文。2.主體時態(tài)：介紹時主要用一般現(xiàn)在時，提出希望時用一般將來時。3.主體人稱：主要是第三人稱。聯(lián)想詞匯1.稀有動物rare animal2.以為主食feed on3.砍伐 cut down4.建立；設(shè)立set up5.自然保護(hù)區(qū)nature reserve6.實施carry out7.伸出援手lend a helping hand句式升級1.由于山林遭到破壞，竹子被砍伐，大熊貓覓食越來越困難。(1)as forests are being destroyed and bamboos are cut down，giant pandas can hardly find food for themselves.(運用原因狀語從句)(2)with forests being destroyed and bamboos cut down，its difficult for giant pandas to find food for themselves.(運用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))2.希望大家伸出援助之手來保護(hù)它們，讓這種可愛的稀有動物永遠(yuǎn)與人類共存。(1)we hope that people will help save the giant pandas，and that this kind of lovely rare animal will live with mankind forever.(運用并列句)(2)we hope that people will lend a helping hand to save the giant pandas，so that this kind of lovely rare animal will live with mankind forever.(運用so that作目的狀語)the giant panda is a rare animal in china，and also one of the rare animals in the world.it is loved by both the chinese and the people of the world.the home of the giant panda is in the mountains.it feeds on bamboo shoots.with forests being destroyed and bamboos cut down，its difficult for giant pandas to find food for themselves.to protect pandas，china has set up some nature reserves，but more money is needed to carry out this important rescue project.we hope that people will lend a helping hand to save the giant pandas，so that this kind of lovely rare animal will live with mankind forever.閱讀理解acoral reefs(珊瑚礁) are not just beautiful to look at，but also very useful.they shelter nearly 25% of ocean life and provide food for billions of people.however，like many other species，this amazing ecosystem(生態(tài)系統(tǒng)) is in danger of dying out!there are two main reasons for the destructionthe rising carbon dioxide levels caused by global warming as well as human influences like bottom operation.while not much can be done about the former，the loss caused by the latter can be reduced.bottom operation involves dropping nets to the ocean bed and then dragging them up when filled with fish.this action damaged the ocean floor，causing the coral branches to separate from the reefs.while that is very discouraging，the good news is that if these branches are found quickly，they can be saved.at present，that work is being performed by volunteer divers.but the method has only limited success because they cannot stay long underwater，nor reach depths of over 200 meters where some of the deep-sea coral grow.however，this is not the case for coralbotsthe robots that can constantly seek out broken branches.a team of “coralbots”，each individually working to simple rules will piece together damaged bits of coral，allowing them to regrow.they are programmed to be able to distinguish between other things and the coral.the robots work together in groups，similar to bees.if one coralbot is damaged then the others will still be able to complete the task.dr lea-anne henry said，“the project of using coralbots offers us the possibility to restore(修復(fù)) the function of reefs.it is in the final stage of testing.once ready，the researchers hope to build hundreds of them and use them effectively in the waters off scotland and then hopefully in the oceans across the world.”1.which of the following is a cause of the danger that coral reefs are facing?a.the appearance of new creatures.b.the seriously polluted sea water.c.the activities of volunteer divers.d.human activities like bottom operation.答案d解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句“there are two main reasons for the destructionthe rising carbon dioxide levels caused by global warming as well as human influences like bottom operation.”可知選d。2.compared with volunteer divers，coralbots .a.can stay longer underwaterb.must work as bees doc.can distinguish what is corald.can never be damaged答案a解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“but the method has only limited success because they cannot stay long underwater，nor reach depths of over 200 meters where some of the deep-sea coral grow.”以及第四段第一句“however，this is not the case for coralbot.”可知，志愿者不能長時間待在水下，但是coralbots可以。故選a。3.what does the underlined word “them” in the last paragraph refer to?a.coralbots. b.broken branches.c.working bees. d.bits of coral.答案a解析代詞指代題。根據(jù)下文的“.use them effectively in the waters off scotland and then hopefully in the oceans across the world.”可知，這里的them指代的是上文提到的coralbots，因為要用這些東西來修復(fù)珊瑚礁。故選a。b(2018河北邯鄲二中高二期中)i love charity shops and so do lots of other people in britain because you find quite a few of them on every high street.the charity shop is a british institution，selling everything from clothes to electric goods，all at very good prices.you can get things you wont find in the shops anymore.the thing i like best about them is that your money is going to a good cause and not into the pockets of profit-driven companies，and you are not damaging the planet，but finding a new home for unwanted goods.the first charity shop was opened in 1947 by oxfam.the famous charitys appeal to aid postwar greece had been so successful that it had been flooded with donations.they decided to set up a shop to sell some of these donations to raise money for that appeal.now there are over 7,000 charity shops in the uk.my favorite charity shop in my hometown is the red cross shop，where i always find childrens books，all 10 or 20 pence each.most of the people working in the charity shops are volunteers，although there is often a manager who gets paid.over 90% of the goods in the charity shops are donated by the public.every morning you see bags of unwanted items outside the front of shops，though they dont encourage this.they would rather ask people to bring things in when the shop is open.the shops have very low running costs: all profits go to charity work.charity shops raise more than 110 million a year，funding(資助) medical research，overseas aid，supporting sick and poor children，homeless and disabled people，and much more.what better place to spend your money? you get something special for a very good price and a good moral sense.you provide funds to a good cause and tread lightly on the environment.4.the author loves the charity shop mainly because of .a.its convenient locationb.its great variety of goodsc.its spirit of goodwilld.its nice shopping environment答案c解析推理判斷題。由第一段最后一句“the thing i like best about them is that your money is going to a good cause.”“我”最喜歡慈善商店的一點是你的錢用于有用的事業(yè)?？赏茢喑鯿項為正確答案。goodwill好意。5.the first charity shop in the uk was set up to .a.sell cheap productsb.deal with unwanted thingsc.raise money for patientsd.help a foreign country答案d解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段第二、三句“the famous charitys appeal to aid postwar greece had been so successful.” 可知，第一個慈善商店的建立是為了籌錢援助戰(zhàn)后的希臘。因此，d項正確。 6.which of the following is true about charity shops?a.the operating costs are very low.b.the staff are usually well paid.c.90% of the donations are second-hand.d.they are open twenty-four hours a day.答案a解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段第一句中的“the shops have very low running costs”可知a項正確?！皉unning”相當(dāng)于“operating”，含義為“運營”；由第三段第一句可知b項不正確；由第三段第二句可知慈善商店中90%以上的商品為公眾捐贈，但并不能推出是“二手貨”，故c項不正確；d項文章未提及。7.which of the following may be the best title for the passage?a.what to buy in the charity shopsb.charity shop：its origin & developmentc.charity shop：where you buy to donated.the publics concern about charity shops答案c解析標(biāo)題歸納題。由文章倒數(shù)第二句中的“a good moral sense”和最后一句主題句中的“you provide funds to a good cause(你為一項有意義的事業(yè)提供資金)”可知c項為最好的題目。charity shop：where you buy to donate.(慈善商店：一個你買東西就相當(dāng)于捐款的地方)。.語法填空(2018安徽銅陵一中高二月考)once upon a time，there was a man from the state of chu who loved his sword very much.one day，he was sitting in a boat 8. preparing(prepare) to cross a river，when he accidentally dropped his sword into the water.9.with the ship moving fast on and the water running，the people on board reminded that he should go into the water to find his beloved sword back.the man felt in great 10.anxiety(anxious) too.ho