譯林版高中英語選修8學案：生詞巧解 Unit1.doc

庖丁巧解牛知識巧學生詞巧解【詞析】音析:字母a讀。形析:class(可表示按質(zhì)量劃分的等級)+-ic(形容詞后綴)義析:writer, artist or work of art recognized as being of high quality and lasting value【典句】this is a popular classic novel written by bronte.這是由bronte寫的一部膾炙人口的經(jīng)典小說?！就卣埂縞lassical adj.古典的；傳統(tǒng)的classicism n. 古典主義classicist n.古典主義者；古典學者【辨析】classic和classical指“古典文學”等意思時可以通用。但“古典音樂”的英文表達是classical music,此時不能用classic?！驹~析】音析:字母i讀 i。形析:形近詞literate(有文化的，博學的)義析:of or concerned with literature【典句】 his style is a bit too literary for my taste.依我看他的文筆書卷氣重了一點?！就卣埂縧iteracy n. 讀寫能力literate adj. 有文化的，博學的literati n.文人；知識界literature n. 文學；文學作品【詞析】音析:字句組合ei讀。形析:receive+-d(形容詞后綴)義析:widely accepted as correct popular【典句】he is a well-received artist.他是一個很受歡迎的藝術(shù)家?！就卣埂縯he received view普遍的看法；公認的觀點the received text (version)標性本(譯本)received standard english標準英語well-received受歡迎的；被認可的【詞析】音析:字母i讀，字母o讀。形析:詞根wise (adj. 有判斷力的，聰明的)-dom；名詞后綴“表的狀況，地位”等。義析:good judgement; advisability; common sense【典句】i questioned the wisdom of giving the child so much money.我懷疑給孩子這么多錢是否明智?！就卣埂?dom后綴常與動詞或形容詞結(jié)合成名詞，表示“的狀況或地位，的職位，級別群體或領(lǐng)域”。如：boredom厭倦，厭煩(狀況)freedom自由(狀況)kingdom王國(領(lǐng)域)officialdom官員(總稱)(群體)【詞析】音析:tion組合讀。形析:adapt (v.)+-ation(名詞后綴)義析:thing made by adapting sth. else esp.a text for production on the stage, radio, etc.【典句】this is an adaptation for children of the play king lear by shakespeare.這是為兒童改編的莎士比亞作品李爾王的劇本?！就卣埂縜dapt oneself to sth.適應(yīng)(新環(huán)境等)【詞析】音析:字母組合ar讀。義析:damage; injury【典句】a few cafe nights never did anyone any harm.熬幾個晚上對任何人絕無害處?！就卣埂縟o sb. harm或do harm to sb.損害某人harm set, harm get.(諺)害人反害己。come to harm受到損害more harm than good弊大于利harmful adj. 有害的；可致?lián)p傷的harmless adj. 無害的；不會引起損傷的【詞析】音析:字母組合er讀。形析:un-(否定前綴)+certain(確定的)+-ty(名詞后綴)義析:state of being uncertain【典句】the uncertainty is unbearable!事情定不下來真令人難以忍受！【拓展】uncertain adj.不確切；無把握的uncertainly adj.猶豫地；遲疑地【詞析】音析:字母組合sion讀。形析:tense adj. (緊張的；拉緊的)義析:mental, emotional or nervous strain; tenseness【典句】tension is a major cause of heart disease.精神緊張是引起心臟病的主要原因?！就卣埂縨assage helps relieve the tension in ones muscles.按摩可使僵硬的肌肉松弛。racial tensions種族間的緊張關(guān)系surface tension 表面張力vapour tension氣壓high tension wire(電)高壓線【詞析】音析:字母組合ou讀義析:giving or ready to give freely【典句】it is generous of you to share your food with me.你把食物與我分享，真是慷慨大方?！就卣埂縢enerosity n. 慷慨；大方；寬容be generous with ones money用錢大方be generous in giving help 樂于助人【詞析】音析:字母i讀。形析:remind(提醒)+-er(名詞后綴)義析:thing which reminds sb.of a fact or person【典句】the statue is a lasting reminder of churchills greatness.這尊塑像使人永遠緬懷丘吉爾的偉大功績?！就卣埂縭emind sb.to do sth. 提醒某人干某事remind sb.of sth./sb.使某人回想或意識到某物/人this song reminds me of my hometown.這首歌使我想起了故鄉(xiāng)?！驹~析】音析:字母組合or讀。形析:short(短的)+coming義析:failure to be of a required standard; fault【典句】i am a person with many shortcomings.我是一個有許多缺點的人?！就卣埂縮hort-lived短命的，短暫的short order(點叫)快餐short-sighted近視的；目光短淺的short-term短期的short wave短波be prejudiced against 對有偏見的【詞析】義析:dislike of sb./sth. that is not founded on experience or reason【典句】he is prejudiced against rock and roll.他對搖滾樂懷有偏見?！就卣埂縭acial prejudice 種族偏見【詞析】音析:第一個i讀。義析:polite and helpful; of relating to the citizens of a country【典句】keep a civil tongue in your head!說話要文明有禮！【拓展】civil law民法civil liberty公民自由civil rights公民權(quán)civil war內(nèi)戰(zhàn)civilian n. 平民;百姓civilization n. 開化;教化;文明civilized adj.有禮貌的;文雅的be bent on 一心想要;決心要【詞析】義析:be determined on; have ones mind firmly set on (doing) sth.【典句】he is bent on becoming an actor.他一心想當演員。【拓展】follow ones bent憑愛好辦事to the top of ones bent盡情地bend (sb.) to sth.(迫使某人)屈服，服從bend ones mind to sth.專心于某事物bendy 彎彎曲曲的；迂回曲折的【詞析】音析:字母組合ea讀。形析:wealth(財富)health(健康)義析:possession of a large amount of money, property. etc.【典句】their wealth had not brought them happiness.他們的財富并沒給他們帶來幸福?！就卣埂縲ealthy adj.富裕的；豐富的wealthily adv.富裕地；豐富地【詞析】音析:字母a讀。形析:fan 迷(對的熱情崇拜者)+-cy聯(lián)想記憶法。義析:brightly coloured; made to please the eye or taste【典句】he has bought a fancy car.他買了一輛高檔小轎車?！就卣埂縜 fancy idea奇異的/華而不實的想法a fancy cake(大型)花式蛋糕a fancy tie精致的領(lǐng)帶to ones fancy合(某人的)心意take a fancy to愛上；愛好fancy oneself (as)自以為是；自命不凡fancy for sth.渴望；喜愛【詞析】音析:字母a讀。形析:詞根為educate v. 教育；訓練義析:having been educated【典句】he was educated at a technical school in 1994.他1994年在一所技術(shù)學校接受教育?！就卣埂縠ducator n. 教育工作者education n. 教育；教育學educational adj.教育的;有教育意義的educative adj.有教育意義的；起教育作用的make the acquaintance of和相識，結(jié)識【詞析】義析:get to know sb.; meet sb. personally【典句】i made the acquaintance of him at a party.我是在一個聚會上認識他的?！就卣埂縨ake the acquaintance of sb.也可表達為make sb.s acquaintance和某人相識，結(jié)識。have a nodding acquaintance with sb. /sth.與某人有點頭之交；對某事略知一二【詞析】音析:字母組合or讀。形析:ab-(否定前綴)+normal(正常的)義析:different from what is normal, ordinary or expected【典句】i have been physically abnormal recently.我近期身體狀況異常?！就卣埂縜bnormality n. 反常；變態(tài)；不規(guī)則【詞析】音析:字母a讀。形析:可據(jù)發(fā)音記憶詞形，詞尾-er常表示“的人”。義析:man who has others working for him or under him; employer【典句】the slaves feared their master.奴隸懼怕奴隸主?！就卣埂縨aster碩士master in ones own house自己做主；自己說了算(be)ones own master/mistress獨立自主【詞析】音析:字母u讀。形析:ab-(否定前綴)+use(使用)，“錯誤的使用”即濫用。義析:wrong or bad use or treatment of sb. or sth.; insulting words【典句】some governors abuse their power and position.有些政府官員濫用職權(quán)?！就卣埂縜n abuse of trust辜負別人的信任abuse ones authority濫用權(quán)力personal abuse人身攻擊abusive adj. 辱罵性的；罵人的；濫用的【詞析】音析:字母i都讀。形析:詞根crime n. 罪；罪行；犯罪活動義析:person who commits a crime or crimes【典句】he became a criminal.他已淪為罪犯?！就卣埂縞riminal也可作形容詞，意為“犯罪的；可恥的；不道德的”。如：its criminal to waste public money.浪費公款是可恥的行為?！驹~析】音析:字母組合or讀。形析:re-(前綴表“重新”)+form(形成)，“重新形成”即“改造，改革”之意。義析:become or make better【典句】hes given up drink and is now a reformed character.他戒了酒，現(xiàn)已判若兩人?！就卣埂縭eformer n.改革者；改進者reformation n.改善；改良；改造reformatory n.(失足少年的)管教所；教養(yǎng)所【詞析】音析:字母e讀。形析:詞根press (v. 壓，擠，按)+ure義析:use force, influence or strong persuation to make sb. do sth.【典句】he felt that he was being pressured to resign.他感到有壓力逼他辭職?！就卣埂縫ressure用作動詞等于pressurize;還常用作名詞表“壓力，強大的影響”。put pressure on sb.(to do sth.)迫使某人做某事under the pressure of在的壓力下high blood pressure高血壓work at high pressure緊張地工作bring pressure to bear on/upon對施加壓力【詞析】音析:字母e讀。形析:可根據(jù)兩個音節(jié)記憶詞形。義析:use force in order to prevent sth. happening or being successful; oppose【典句】he was charged with resisting arrest.他被控拒捕?！就卣埂縭esist damp/frost防潮;防霜凍resist temptation經(jīng)得起誘惑resist表“經(jīng)得住”時后接動名詞作賓語。如：jim couldnt resist others making jokes about his baldness.吉姆受不了別人拿他的禿頂開玩笑。resister n. 抵抗者；對抗者resistance n. 抵抗；對抗；抵抗力；阻力【詞析】音析:字母組合or讀。形析:mis-(否定前綴)+fortune(機會;命運;巨款)義析:bad luck, accident or event【典句】they had the misfortune to be hit by a violent storm.他們不幸遇上了猛烈的風暴?！就卣埂縨is- 前綴常與動詞和名詞結(jié)合表“壞;錯;不;沒”。如：misfire誤發(fā);走火misread讀錯;看錯mismatch配合不當misplace放錯地方mistrust不信任misunderstand誤會;誤解misuse誤用;濫用mislead引錯方向;誤導home-made adj. 自制的；家里做的；國產(chǎn)的【詞析】義析:made by oneself (at home or domestic)【典句】these moon-cakes are home-made.這些月餅是自制的?！就卣埂啃稳菰~/名詞+過去分詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合形容詞ready-made現(xiàn)成的man-made人造的new-born新生的warm-hearted熱心腸的water-covered被水覆蓋的newly-built新建的【詞析】音析:字母i讀。形析:詞根swift (adj.快的，敏捷的)+-ly(副詞后綴)義析:quickly or rapidly; promptly【典句】he answered the question swiftly.他迅速回答了那個問題?！就卣埂縮wift-flowing river湍急的河流a swift reply/reaction迅速的回答；反應(yīng)brand new嶄新的；全新的【詞析】義析:completely new【典句】i bought a brand new bike yesterday.我昨天買了一輛嶄新的自行車?！就卣埂縝rand n.商標的牌子；商標【詞析】音析:字母a讀。形析:分兩個音節(jié)記憶詞形義析:special or very great ability【典句】van gogh was a painter of great talent.凡高是一位天才畫家?！就卣埂縣ave a talent for.有(方面的)天賦talented adj.有才能的；天才的talentless adj.無才能的；平庸的have a gift for有的天賦at the sight of看到；一看到【詞析】義析:as soon as sb. /sth. is seen【典句】at the sight of her mother, the baby burst into tears.一看到媽媽，那嬰兒大哭起來?！就卣埂縞atch sight of看到；看見keep sight of sb. /sth.看住/監(jiān)視某人/某物out of sight, out of mind.(諺)眼不見，心不念。sightseeing n. 觀光；游覽at the thought of 一想到【詞析】音析:字母e讀。形析:詞根gent（le） （adj.）+-ly(副詞后綴)義析:in a gentle manner【典句】the beach slopes gently to the sea.沙灘緩緩伸展入海?！就卣埂縝e gentle with my best china.對我最心愛的瓷器要輕拿輕放！a gentle breeze和風gentle rainfall細雨gentleman n. 紳士;先生【詞析】音析:字母組合ee讀。形析:詞根greed （n.貪心，貪婪）+-y形容詞后綴義析:filled with greed or desire【典句】the boy looked at the cakes with greedy eyes.那孩子眼巴巴地看著蛋糕?！就卣埂縢reedy for power貪圖權(quán)力greedy for knowledge渴求知識be greedy to do sth.急切要做某事【詞析】音析:字母a讀。形析:mis-(否定前綴表“壞;錯;不;無”)義析:wrong in opinion or wrongly judged【典句】you are mistaken about him. he is not lying.你誤會他了，他沒有撒謊?！就卣埂縜 mistaken idea錯誤的想法mistake a for b把a誤為b如：mistake sympathy for love誤將同情當愛情【詞析】音析:字母a讀。形析:根據(jù)開音節(jié)發(fā)音規(guī)律記憶詞形義析:comparative darkness and often coolness caused by sth. blocking direct light or heat【典句】the trees give some welcome shade from the sun.這些樹遮住了陽光，很舒適涼快?！就卣埂縯rees shade the streets.街道旁綠樹成蔭。in the shade 1)在蔭涼處2)遜色；默默無聞【辨析】shade和shadow兩者均指“影”，shadow指擋住光線所造成的有輪廓的影子，shade指沒照到陽光等的陰暗處，即“蔭”?！驹~析】音析:字母組合er讀。形析:詞根entertain v.款待；使快樂。-ing為形容詞后綴。義析:amusing and pleasing【典句】“a christmas carol” is a very entertaining film.圣誕頌歌是一部很有趣的電影?！就卣埂縜 most entertaining guest很風趣的客人place of entertainment娛樂場所the entertainment of foreign visitors 宴請外賓【詞析】音析:字母u讀。形析:supra- 前綴表“在之上;超”。義析:highest in authority, rank or degree; most important【典句】winning an olympic gold medal was, i suppose, the supreme moment of my life.我認為榮獲奧運會金牌時是我一生中最重要的時刻?！就卣埂扛腻e：he is the most supreme ruler of the country.()把most去掉，supreme表最高的;至高無上的，不能和most等最高級形式連用?！驹~析】音析:字母y讀。形析:根詞type (n. 類型，種類)+-cal(形容詞后綴)義析:having the distinctive qualities of a particular type of person or thing【典句】its typical of him to take hard jobs.搶挑重擔是他的特點?！就卣埂縯ypical=typictypicality n. 典型性；特征typify vt.作為的典型，代表typically adv. 典型地，有代表性地【詞析】音析:字母u讀。形析:詞根repute （n.名氣，名聲）+-ation構(gòu)詞后綴義析:what is generally said or believed about the abilities, qualities, etc. of sb. /sth.【典句】he has a reputation for laziness.他以懶惰出名?！就卣埂縝uild up/make a reputation (for oneself)樹立聲譽；博得名聲live up to ones reputation不負盛名【詞析】音析:字母a讀。形析:trans-(前綴表“橫穿；通過；超越”)+form(形狀；外形；外貌)義析:completely change the appearance or character of sth. /sb.【典句】a fresh coat of paint can transform a room.房間重新粉刷一遍可大為改觀?！就卣埂縯ransformation n.改變；改觀；轉(zhuǎn)變transformer n.變壓器transfusion n.輸血translation n.翻譯；認為；解釋【詞析】音析:字母組合or讀。形析:short(短的)+-en(動詞后綴)義析:cause sth. to be come short【典句】the days are beginning to shorten in autumn.秋季白天開始變短?！就卣埂?)be/go