Unit 1 This Year It’s Going to Be Different.doc

Unit 1 This Year Its Going to Be DifferentI. Teaching Objectives: 1. A brief summary of the ways to express futurity. 1) will do 2) be going to 3) be to do 4) be about to do 2. the use of over in the text tiptoe over, go over, put it over, take over, 3. draw a sketch, be drawn by II. Difficult and important points1. Compound nouns formed with “self-”self-improvement, self-control, self-respect, self-determination 2. Pragmatics: how to understand the meaning of a sentence in different context. See: “Youre looking lovely” “Look to stay out until four a.m.” in the text.III. Introduction of the Text: 1. The Author _ Will Stanton(1918- ), American humorist and magazine writer. He has published more than 150 articles in such magazines as Readers Digest, McCalls and The New Yorker. This text first appears in his collection The Old Familiar Booby Traps of Home(1978). 2. The hero of the text, who is married and has four children, is talking about his New Years resolutions, which perfect as they seemed, ended in total failure. This is a light, humorous piece of writing with vivid descriptions. 3. The Main Idea: The statement that best sums up the main idea is(3): “The writer carried out his New Years resolution faithfully to improve himself, but the results all went contrary to his expectations.”IV. Detailed Study of the Text:1. New Years resolution _ something one makes up ones mind to do at the beginning of a new year in order to be and do better in the year ahead. “Resolution” here is a countable noun which means 決定、決議, but it can be also used as an uncountable noun which means 堅(jiān)定、果斷. Its verb form is “resolve”. Resolve on sth. / doing sth. or resolve to do sth.Set phrase: be resolved to do sth. (下決心做某事)2. would be blessed with a richer life _ anyone would be lucky enough to have an interesting and eventful life.The literal meaning of “bless” is “ask Gods favour or protection for”. 為祝福Be blessed with, however, only means “to have something such as an ability, a good quality, which is admired or which is an advantaged to a person.”幸運(yùn)擁有e.g. I am blessed with many good friends. (我有許多好朋友，真是幸運(yùn)。) He is blessed with good health. (她享有良好健康的幸福。) Fortune blessed him with success and victory. (命運(yùn)之神賜給他成功與勝利)3Be spontaneous in showing affection Spontaneous, impulsive, instinctive, automatic, etc. show the meaning of “人的行為、話語等不假思索的，未經(jīng)考慮的”。Now see the difference: Spontaneous 強(qiáng)調(diào)自發(fā)的，自愿的，發(fā)自內(nèi)心而沒有外力的干涉的； Impulsive 指沖動(dòng)，意氣用事的，更強(qiáng)調(diào)不由自主和受感情支配的； Instinctive 以為本能、天生的，下意識(shí)的，常表習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作； Automatic 指不經(jīng)思考，沒有感覺的機(jī)械運(yùn)行，沒變化的機(jī)械反應(yīng)4Dont ever sneak up on me sneak up on_creep up on, come near quietly and unnoticed.e.g. Dont sneak up on me like that, you give me a shock!Darkness was sneaking up on the travelers as they entered the forest.The wrinkles are sneaking up on my fsce.Other use: sneak on _ give information about (a bad thing)(to somebody)e.g. The class had an agreement not to sneak on each other to the teacher.(不把各自的過失告訴給老師。) sneak out (of)_ leave in a secretive mannere.g. We were still having the class when the boy sneaked out of the classroom.Dont try to sneak out of your duties like you did last time. sneak in _ enter a place secretlye.g. The boys used to sneak in without paying.5. “Youre looking lovely” “Look to stay out until four a.m.” 注意此處丈夫與妻子的對(duì)話，妻子的回答看似文不對(duì)題，但根據(jù)語用學(xué)（pragmatics）的原理，人們?cè)趯?duì)話過程中理解話語時(shí)，在新出現(xiàn)的信息與當(dāng)時(shí)的語境之間通過認(rèn)知和推理尋找其中的關(guān)聯(lián)性，已達(dá)到交際的目的。而信出現(xiàn)的信息與當(dāng)時(shí)的語境相結(jié)合時(shí)，可以通過邏輯的推理關(guān)系推導(dǎo)出新的暗含的語境效果。例如， 1) A: Hows he?B: A couple of pills will cure him. 2) A: Hows he?B: An ambulance must be sent for at once. B似乎都沒有直接回答A的問題，沒說He 的病情究竟如何，但基于雙方共有的常識(shí)，B的話都是A的問題的恰當(dāng)?shù)幕卮稹? “Look, it wasnt my idea to stay out until four a.m.”Para. I didnt want to remain outside as late as four in the early morning.(how can I look lovely？)“Look” in this context is an interjection that is used for emphasizing a point before making a statement, often when one is angry.6. A sincere compliment is worth its weight in gold._ A truthful word makes its worthy to others. (真誠(chéng)的稱贊比金子都貴重，非常有價(jià)值的)7. Sammy wandered off several times, Wander off (v + dav. or prep.)_ leave a place unintentionally, stay frome.g. When she forgot what she was supposed to be doing, she used to wander off, and would often be found quite a long way from home. You are wandering off the point again; do please try to keep to the subject.8. “Then how come it doesnt?”This is a colloquial expression in an informal way, which means, “Then why doesnt it run/work?”How come is informally used to ask “how does / did it happen (that) or why?” (怎么會(huì)，為何會(huì))e.g. How come she hates birds? (她為何討厭鳥？)How come you never visit us any more? (你為何不再來看我們？)9. “Ill bet the fellows are swarming around. ”Para: “ Im sure many young men are after you.”The literal meaning of bet is “risk (money) on the result of a future event.” Or “be certain that something will happen.”10. “ I know youre not feeling your best after last night,” Para: I know you are not in your right mind, 11. I struck up a conversation with strike up _ begin playing (music)e.g. The band struck up the wedding march as soon as the bride and bridegroom stepped in._ begin (a relationship or conversation. usu. Informal )e.g. Its easy to strike up a friendship with people you meet on holiday.(很容易與在假日里結(jié)識(shí)的人建立友誼。) He struck up a conversation with this other woman in the shop. (他開始與另一名婦女交談。)strike with _ hit (someone or something) by using (something)e.g. Its not easy to strike the ball with this narrow piece of wood. be struck with _feel the effect of (a strong feeling)e.g. I was struck with wonder as I saw the great ship for the first time. They were greatly struck with the new young singer. be stricken with _ begin to suffer from (something such as a disease)e.g. Many chickens and duck were stricken with influenza. We call this bird flu. 12. I touched on hippies, touch on _ mention (something) for a short timee.g. The book only touches on the causes of the war and does not do justice to the influence of the slave trade. (此書談及這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的理由，但對(duì)販賣奴隸的影響卻不公正。)_ come very near, or be much like (something)e.g. His manner was very inconsiderate, touching on rudeness.(他的行為非常輕率，簡(jiǎn)直就是粗魯。) His remarks were more than slightly unsuitable; they touched on the offensive. (他的那些話有點(diǎn)不太適合，幾乎令人不愉快。)touch someone on the raw (揭別人的短；觸及到別人的痛處)_ make sb. suffer by mentioning a delicate subject about which he is sensitivee.g. Your mention of his time in prison touched him on the raw, so no wonder he took offence. (，難怪他會(huì)大怒。) 13. throw in (or up)the sponge (認(rèn)輸，放棄)Para: (They) would have admitted defeat and given up doing In the boxing match one boxers coacher throws the sponge or tower in to admitted being defeated.Pass the sponge over 抹去、購(gòu)銷（怨恨等）14. Maggie always dreads taking down the Christmas tree, 1) Dread _ feel worried about. Dread is followed by an ing participle.e.g. Small children usually dread paying a visit to the dentist. I dread to think of what will happen in the next few days.It is also correct to say: Small children usually dread a visit to the dentist. Small children usually dread that they will be taken to the dentist.To be/live in dread of (生活在的恐怖之中)2) take down _ move something to a lower level or from a higher positione.g. The librarian took the book down from its shelf and handed it to the reader.We must take the curtains down for cleaning next week. _ pull something to pieces usu. to remove ite.g. Its sad to see the old building being taken down to make way for a new shopping center. take over (v + adv.)_ lead sb. or carry sth. to another place.e.g. He took the letter over to the window to read it in a good light. _ become the person or group in chargee.g. Thank you for your introduction; now Ill ask the next speaker to take over.Prices seem to go no rising whichever political party takes over. (無論哪個(gè)政黨執(zhí)政，物價(jià)似乎不斷上漲。)take over (v + prep.) _ enable sb.or sth to cross; spend time on e.g. Run and take that old lady over this busy road, she might get hurt without help. I have taken nearly three days over this book already.Take pains/trouble over _ be thorough in dealing with sth.e.g. I can see that youve taken pains over your studies, but you should still work hard.Take ones time over _ work at sth. solely or carefullye.g. I like to take my time over preparing a meal for important visitors.Take a (firm) stand over/on _ act firmly on ones judgment aboute.g. The government has decided to take a firm stand over fighting the bird flu. The United States is taking a stand over/on human rights.15. The use of “over” in the text 1) I tiptoed over and kissed her “Over” here is used as an adv. Meaning across a distance or open space, towards or away from somebody/something.2) “What did you do over the holidays?” “Over” here is used as a prep. Meaning during, in the course ofe.g. She likes to listen to some light music over the weekend.3) “ and put it over a chair.” “Over” here is used as a prep. which means resting on top of something and covering something partly or completely.e.g. She spread a clean cloth over the table. He put his hand over his mouth when he yawned.4) Take over one of his wifes chor