英語(yǔ)四級(jí)圖表例文.doc

圖表類作文是英語(yǔ)重要的寫作模式之一，英語(yǔ)輔導(dǎo)專家們建議同學(xué)們?cè)陂_(kāi)始動(dòng)筆之前，應(yīng)該對(duì)圖表所提供的信息要有所了解。對(duì)于此類題目，前期的工作有：（一）審清題目1. 分析題目包含的內(nèi)容和信息（寫作提示、主題句、圖表、字?jǐn)?shù)要求等）；2. 判斷命題者的意圖；3. 把握題目的中心思想；（二）構(gòu)思選材構(gòu)思是行文的基礎(chǔ)。構(gòu)思時(shí)要充分發(fā)揮想象力，但是要圍繞文章的主題思想和具體要求，對(duì)文章進(jìn)行整體布局，確保文章邏輯思路清晰，切題達(dá)意，首尾連貫，結(jié)構(gòu)合理。介紹一下圖表作文的類型以及描圖的幾種表達(dá)方式和常用的描圖句型。(1). 圖表的幾種常見(jiàn)形式曲線圖（curve graph），柱狀圖（bar chart），餅狀圖（pie chart），表格（table），圖表（diagram）(2). 圖表/數(shù)據(jù)描述必備詞1). 圖/表類型：table; chart; diagram; graph; bar chart; pie chart2). 圖/表內(nèi)容：figure; statistic; number; percentage; proportion3). 整體描述的動(dòng)詞：show; describe; depict; illustrate; present; indicate; reveal4). 數(shù)據(jù)：最值：reach/arrive at the bottom/peak/highest point/lowest point數(shù)據(jù)趨勢(shì)（增、減、上下浮動(dòng)、持平）：increase, soar, rocket, ascend, mount, climb, jump, rise, grow; fall, drop, decline, reduce, decrease, descend, go down; fluctuate; remain steady/stable, stay the same, keep to the same level, little/hardly any/no change.變化程度：noticeable，considerable，suddenly，rapidly，dramatically，significantly，sharply，steeply，steadily，gradually，slowly，slightly，stably程度副詞：almost；nearly；approximately；about；just over；over；exactly；precisely范圍：change/expand from to, range from, scale, betweenand倍數(shù)表達(dá)：asas; the same as; 倍數(shù)+形容詞比較級(jí)+than; 倍數(shù)+the+計(jì)量名詞（length, width, height, weight, size）+of; 倍數(shù)（twice/double/triple/quadruple）+一般名詞; by+percentage（3）. 常用句型表達(dá) According to the figures shown in the table/graph we can see/conclude that.例句：According to the figures shown in the table, we can see that great changes have been taking place in peoples diet over the period from 1988 to 1998. We can see/We have noted/It can be seen from the table/chart/graph that.例句：We have noted from the graph that there is a wide gap between the top ten universities both of China and of the world. The graph/table/chart shows/indicates/reveals/points out that.例句：The chart reveals that the number of road accidents is spiraling upward every year as more and more highways are constructed all over China. As is shown/can be seen in the chart/graph/diagram released by the government.例句：As we can see in the diagram released by the government, the rapid growth of population has resulted in the extinction of many wildlife species. After considering the information in the graph/table/chart, we might conclude that.例句：After considering the information in the graph, we might conclude that the energy structure in rural areas has been greatly improved over the past 15 years. The chart/graph/table shows a minimal/slight/slow/steady/marked/dramatic/sharp/sudden increase/rise/decline/reduction/fall/drop pared with those of last year/10 years ago/last century.例句：The graph shows a marked decline in the number of wildlife species compared with that of last century. This year, the products of.dropped to half/was cut in half/doubled/tripled.例句：This year, the products of cotton doubled. The number of . grew/rose/dropped from.to.例句：The number of car accidents grew from 3691 in 1985 to 8245 in 1995. No increase is shown in .; then came a sharp increase of .例句：No increase is shown in 1988; then came a sharp increase of 8 million. Sth. is twice/three/half as large/high/much as sth. else. The table/chart/graph represents the development and changes in .例句：The table represents the development and changes in agriculture structure in the past 30 years. By comparison with., it dropped/ fell/ decreased from.to./ by.例句：By comparison with 1990, it dropped by 15 percent. There appeared an even more stable/consistent/steady tendency to rise/drop. The curve has leveled off/stayed the same/remained unchanged for 2 years and the trend will be continuing.總之，在復(fù)習(xí)這類作文題型的時(shí)候，一定要注意圖表類型的區(qū)分，上文已經(jīng)提及，圖表的分類比較多。除此外，老師還提醒大家還要知道如何用不同的方式表達(dá)不同的圖表類型。上文提供的一些表達(dá)方式，考生可以在平時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)的時(shí)候作為備考的參考，同時(shí)也可以作為背誦的素材。怎樣寫圖表分析作文（1）：柱狀圖材料作文逐漸被圖表作文取代，圖表分析作文就是將數(shù)據(jù)、圖像所包含的信息，轉(zhuǎn)化為表意的說(shuō)明文字。圖表分析作文通常比較復(fù)雜，學(xué)生不僅要弄清提示，還要看懂所給的圖表和數(shù)據(jù)。由于這類試題提示內(nèi)容少，信息點(diǎn)分散，審題時(shí)一定要領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的出題意圖，弄清主題再動(dòng)筆：1.單純描述解釋圖表信息，按圖表所示內(nèi)容如實(shí)表達(dá)，不加評(píng)論。2.通過(guò)敘述圖表(或圖畫)中的內(nèi)容和數(shù)字變化來(lái)分析原因，發(fā)表議論。（一）柱狀圖（BAR CHART）人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪惺挛锏淖兓闆r通?？梢杂脤挾认嗟鹊闹鶢顖D形來(lái)表示，柱狀圖的高度差別用來(lái)說(shuō)明事物的動(dòng)態(tài)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，同時(shí)要注意圖例說(shuō)明和坐標(biāo)刻度所提示的信息。例：你們班會(huì)的討論主題是“上大學(xué)是高中生唯一的出路嗎？”請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下面圖表及漢語(yǔ)提示，寫一篇短文，并闡述你的個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)。提示：1.增長(zhǎng)學(xué)識(shí)，提高素養(yǎng)，利于擇業(yè)。2.成功的路不只一條。3.學(xué)費(fèi)高，就業(yè)難。要求：1.詞數(shù)：100120左右。2.開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)已為你寫好(不計(jì)入詞數(shù))。3.參考詞匯：tuition n.學(xué)費(fèi)qualities n.素養(yǎng)【解題分析】柱狀圖是英語(yǔ)課本中常見(jiàn)的圖形，要求學(xué)生通過(guò)柱狀圖圖中數(shù)據(jù)和提示內(nèi)容寫一短文，屬于比較、對(duì)照類。也可根據(jù)提示寫為議論文。通常我們采取三段式寫法：第一段：描述圖表，得出結(jié)論。第二段：緊扣主題，根據(jù)圖表比較分析原因，論證結(jié)論。第三段：發(fā)表議論，提出自己的看法?！咎釤捯c(diǎn)】分析柱狀圖數(shù)據(jù)信息。從圖中可看出，黑色代表想上大學(xué)，占大多數(shù)，約60%；淺黑色代表無(wú)所謂，占約30%；白色代表不想上大學(xué)，占約10%。One possible versionIs It The Only Way Out To Go To College？We had a discussion about whether it is the only way out for senior students to go to college. Views vary from person to person.The majority of us consider it very necessary to go to college. They think it can widen their knowledge and improve their qualities. Only in this way can they find better jobs after graduation. Very few students，that is about ten percent of the students，think it no use going university，because the tuition is too high for their family to afford. Whats more，its rather hard for college graduates to seek satisfactory jobs. Thirty percent of the students，however，believe “All roads lead to Rome.”Therefore it doesnt make any difference whether they go to college or not.In my opinion，we can receive a better education at college so that we can serve our motherland.【語(yǔ)言亮點(diǎn)】詞匯。如：consider，widen，afford，seek，satisfactory。句式。如：形式賓語(yǔ)：The majority of us consider it very necessary to go to college.倒裝：Only in this way can they find better jobs after graduation.主語(yǔ)從句：Its rather hard for college graduates to seek satisfactory jobs.諺語(yǔ)：All roads lead to Rome.過(guò)渡詞。如：that is about ten percent of the students，whats more，however，in my opinion。【技巧點(diǎn)撥】1.讀懂柱狀圖坐標(biāo)刻線及圖例說(shuō)明與文字，比較柱狀高低和顏色表示內(nèi)容及數(shù)據(jù)。2.學(xué)會(huì)看趨勢(shì)、找規(guī)律，從整體看圖表有何發(fā)展變化，找出特點(diǎn)、規(guī)律。3.引用圖表包含信息，使你的文章“由圖而發(fā)”，言之有據(jù)?！境Ｓ镁涫健?. As can be seen from the chart，.As is shown in the chart，.2. The chart shows that about 60 percent of students want to go to college.3.From the graph/data/results/information above，it can be seen/concluded /shown /estimated.4. The graph shows the changes in the number of.over the period from.to.5. Compared with.，the number of the students of.實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練觀察下列圖表，請(qǐng)以“Changes in the Ownership of House”為主題，為校報(bào)寫一篇短文。注意：短文應(yīng)包括以下內(nèi)容：1.根據(jù)圖示描述該市住房產(chǎn)權(quán)的變化。2.分析產(chǎn)生這些變化的原因。3.說(shuō)明這些變化對(duì)個(gè)人和社會(huì)產(chǎn)生的影響。要求：1.首句已經(jīng)為你寫好。2.詞數(shù)100左右。One possible versionOwnership of Houses in a Big City in ChinaAs can be seen from the chart，ownership of houses in a big city in China changed in the past ten years. In 1995，over 80 percent of the houses were state-owned. Five years later，the rate of state-owned houses to private ones was 3 to 2. But from then on，the ownership of houses changed rapidly and so far 80 percent of houses have been private.What caused the changes？There might have been two main reasons. First，from 1995 up to now，the peoples living standards have been improving. Most of them can afford to buy the houses. Second，most people do not save a lot of money in the bank for their children as their parents did in the past. They want to have their own home and enjoy life.Such changes have had a great effect on the development of society. It does good to both the citizens and the government.（二）曲線圖（LINE GRAPH）曲線圖常用來(lái)表示事物的變化趨勢(shì)。常分為帶時(shí)間參照和不帶時(shí)間參照兩種。曲線圖的特點(diǎn)是信息集中，一目了然。例：下面的曲線圖是我國(guó)2006年不同月份汽車事故分布示意圖，請(qǐng)以“The number of car accidents in 2006”為題寫一篇文章。要求：1.描述不同月份汽車事故分布(distribution)及總趨勢(shì)。2.描述汽車事故的可能原因和對(duì)策。3.參考詞匯：peak 頂點(diǎn)，高峰。詞數(shù)：100120 。【解題分析】英語(yǔ)曲線圖作文實(shí)際是一篇“解說(shuō)詞”，即通過(guò)曲線圖提供的信息，分析圖中數(shù)據(jù)，綜合出文章的主題?？刹扇∪问綄懛ǎ旱谝欢危河煤?jiǎn)短的幾個(gè)句子簡(jiǎn)述圖表。第二段：根據(jù)圖表分類，概括性地描述曲線內(nèi)容。第三段：對(duì)文章整體內(nèi)容進(jìn)行結(jié)論性總結(jié)。【提煉要點(diǎn)】分析曲線圖數(shù)據(jù)信息。從圖中可看出，曲線圖的橫軸代表2006年的不同的月份，縱軸代表交通事故的數(shù)量。從交通事故曲線圖上可知，前八個(gè)月的交通事故的數(shù)量有升有降。曲線圖在八月份升到了最高點(diǎn)(39)，此后一直呈下降的趨勢(shì)，十二月份降到了最低點(diǎn)(16)?？梢?jiàn)，2006年的交通事故的數(shù)量總體上呈下降的趨勢(shì)。One possible versionThe Number of Car Accidents in 2006From the graph，we can see that there were two peaks of accidents in 2006. One was in Feb with the number of 32.The other was in August with the number of 39，which was the highest point of the distribution line. From August，the number of car accident had been decreasing till it reached the lowest point of the year in December. Two peaks occurred in spring and summer，the two seasons which had most of the years rain. Driving tends to be more dangerous in rainy days. Maybe the weather is the most important reason for car accidents. Be careful，when you drive a car in rainy days.【語(yǔ)言亮點(diǎn)】詞匯。如：peak，point，distribution，decrease， reach，occur，tend to。句式。如：賓語(yǔ)從句：We can see that there were two peaks of accidents in 2006.定語(yǔ)從句：, which was the highest point of the distribution line.狀語(yǔ)從句：., till it reached the lowest point of the year in December. , when you drive a car in rainy days.【技巧點(diǎn)撥】1.認(rèn)真觀察坐標(biāo)系信息，抓住曲線圖變化趨勢(shì)，結(jié)合提供的時(shí)間和數(shù)據(jù)參照尋求切入點(diǎn)。2.根據(jù)曲線圖的變化過(guò)程，盡可能利用所給的文字信息進(jìn)行分類，比較，總結(jié)。3.寫作過(guò)程中不必要將圖中全部數(shù)據(jù)信息加以描述，只需將典型內(nèi)容作以分析。4.注意根據(jù)有無(wú)時(shí)間參照確定整篇文章時(shí)態(tài)。【常用句式】1. As can be seen from the graph，the line shows that.2. According to the graph，we can see/conclude that.3. This is a line graph which describes the trend of.4. The number sharply went up to.5. The percentage of.stayed the same between.6. The figures reached the peaks/bottom.實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練1.根據(jù)下面曲線圖，以Car Explosion in China為題，描述我國(guó)近10年來(lái)私人擁有小汽車情況，說(shuō)明人們生活的水平的變化和你的看法。短文開(kāi)頭已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。詞數(shù)：100左右。One possible versionCar Explosion in ChinaAs is vividly described in the table above，great changes in car ownership have taken place in China over past decade. The number of private cars has accordingly increased nearly 7 times from more than 2 million in 1996 to over 14 million in 2006. Whats the reason？There are two main factors for these changes. To begin with，development in economy plays a vital role in these years. The higher incomes result in Chinese peoples owning private cars. Whats more，in modern society，time means money，many Chinese need a car to do business on time.In my view，however，the car explosion will constantly increase year by year，a large number of social problems such as