【備戰(zhàn)】高中英語 分類突破贏高考6.doc

備戰(zhàn)2014英語分類突破贏高考6時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時 (1)可表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實。the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太陽從東方升起，從西方落下。(2)可用在由if，unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，由even/if/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，由when，before，until/till，as soon as，the moment引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，由no matter what/who/when/where/how或whatever，whoever等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，這時主句往往表將來或主句是祈使句。ill go with you as soon as i finish it.我一做完，就與你一同去。whatever you say，i will not change my mind.無論你說什么，我都不會改變主意。一般過去時表示“剛才，在過去”之意，暗示現(xiàn)在已“不再這樣”。your phone number again？i didnt quite catch it.再重述一下你的電話號碼好嗎？我沒記下來。its 9568686.是9568686。一般將來時 (1)“will動詞原形”表示事物的固有屬性與必然趨勢。fish will die without water.離開水，魚就會死。 (2)“be going to動詞原形”可表示根據(jù)跡象對未來進(jìn)行推斷。look at the dark clouds.it is going to rain.看那烏云，要下雨了。(3)“be about to動詞原形”表示立即的將來，很少與時間狀語連用。the train is about to start.火車就要開了。 (4)位移動詞如come，go，arrive等，其一般現(xiàn)在時表按時間表將要發(fā)生的事，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時可表計劃、安排要做的事。i arrive in beijing at 300 pm.tomorrow.明天下午三點我會到達(dá)北京。he is coming.他將要來。they are leaving for tibet.他們將要去西藏。(5)be to 動詞原形表示計劃，安排。when are you to leave for new york?你計劃什么時候去紐約？表示指令，相當(dāng)于should。you are to report it to the police.你應(yīng)該把這事報告給警察。表示“打算，想要”。if we are to be there before ten，well have to go now.若我們想在十點前到，我們現(xiàn)在就得走。現(xiàn)在/過去進(jìn)行時 (1)表示現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)時發(fā)展中的或正在進(jìn)行的情況。i first met lisa three years ago，she was working at a shop then.我第一次遇見莉莎是在3年前，那時她正在一家商店工作。hey，look where you are going!嘿，看看你往哪兒走！oh，im terribly sorry.i wasnt noticing.噢！非常抱歉！我沒注意。(2)表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的或習(xí)慣性動作，往往含有贊賞、厭惡、遺憾等情感，常與always，continually，constantly連用。he is always thinking of others first.(表贊賞)他總是先為別人著想。he is always making the same mistake. (表厭煩)他總是犯同樣的錯誤。(3)表示動作的未完性、暫時性。i dont really work here；i am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.我不是在此工作，我只是在幫忙，新秘書來了我就走。 (暫時性)selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly.選手機(jī)供個人使用不是一件容易事因為技術(shù)變化太快。 (“變化”尚未完成)(4)表示按計劃、安排要做的事。ive won a holiday for two days to florida.i am taking my mum.我獲得了一次去佛羅里達(dá)度兩天假的機(jī)會。我計劃帶著我媽媽去。 (計劃)(5)表示現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)時發(fā)展中的或正在進(jìn)行的情況。is this raincoat yours？這是你的雨衣嗎？no，mine is hanging there behind the door.不是，我的在門后掛著呢。現(xiàn)在完成時 (1)在條件、時間、讓步狀語從句中，表示將來某時以前已完成的動作。i will not believe you unless i have seen it with my own eyes.除非我親眼看到，我是不會相信你的。please dont get off the bus until it has stopped.車未停，請不要下車。(2)it/this is/will be the first(last，second，third.)time that.和it/this is the best(worst，most interesting)n.that.結(jié)構(gòu)的從句要求用現(xiàn)在完成時。this is the first time that ive heard her sing.這是我第一次聽她唱歌。its the best film ive ever seen.這是我所看過的最好的一部電影。過去完成時(1)hardly/scarcely/barely had.done.when；no sooner had.done.than.中從句用一般過去時。hardly had i got home when the rain poured down.我剛到家，天就下起了傾盆大雨。no sooner had we started than the car got a flat tyre.我們剛出發(fā)，輪胎就爆了。(2)表示愿望、打算類的詞，如hope，expect，mean，intend，want，think等，用過去完成時表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望或意圖。i had meant to help you，but i was too busy at the moment.我本打算幫助你，但當(dāng)時我太忙了?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時 (1)表示一個從過去某時開始發(fā)生，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能延續(xù)下去的動作。ive been waiting for an hour but she still hasnt come.我已等了一個小時，但她還沒有來。(2)表示動作剛剛結(jié)束 (有時指出結(jié)果)。my clothes are wet.ive been walking in the rain.我的衣服濕了，我一直走在雨中。(3)表示重復(fù) (指斷斷續(xù)續(xù)，而非一直不停)。she has been phoning jim every night for the past two weeks.兩個星期以來她每天晚上都給吉姆打電話。語態(tài)被動語態(tài)使用要點不及物動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)如appear，rise，die，happen，belong to，break out，take place等。great changes have been taken place in my hometown.(誤)great changes have taken place in my hometown. (正)我們家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。表示狀態(tài)的動詞不用于被動語態(tài)如lack，fit，mean，hold，have，cost，contain，become，last，possess，consist of，look like等。the book costs 10 yuan.這本書花了10元錢。whats become of her？她怎么了？主動形式表被動的幾種情況 (1)某些感官動詞和系動詞后加形容詞可以表示被動意義，如look，smell，taste，feel，prove，wear，sound等。the flower smells sweet.花聞起來很香。the dish tastes delicious.菜吃起來非常可口。(2)在主語是物的句子里，有些動詞的主動形式可以表示被動意義，這些詞后常有副詞修飾。常用的這類動詞有sell，read，write，wear，wash，open，clean，cook，keep，cut，fill，blow，measure，lock，run，record，begin，shut等。this type of recorder sells well.這種型號的錄音機(jī)銷路很好。he doesnt photograph well.他不太上相。this kind of shirt cleans easily.這種襯衫容易洗干凈。(3)動名詞主動形式表示被動意義通常是事物 (也可以是人)作want，need, require，deserve等動詞的主語時，表示事物 (或人)客觀上“需要”，用動名詞一般式的主動形式作賓語表示被動意義。若動名詞是不及物的，后面還應(yīng)有相應(yīng)的介詞。the children need looking after.孩子們需要照看。這種用法還可把動名詞改為動詞不定式的被動形式來表被動。the children need to be looked after.(4)在作表語的某些形容詞 (easy，difficult，light，heavy，fit，good，safe，comfortable，dangerous，pleasant等)后作狀語用的不定式用主動形式表示被動意義。she is easy to approach.她平易近人。the rock is hard to break.這塊巖石很難打碎。不定式符號to在被動語態(tài)中不可省略在主動語態(tài)中，如果感官動詞和使役動詞后的賓語補(bǔ)足語是動詞，這個動詞前往往不用to，但在被動語態(tài)中要帶to。i saw her pass by the window.我看見她從窗邊經(jīng)過。she was seen to pass by the window.她被看見從窗邊經(jīng)過。get (got)過去分詞也可構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)get常同marry，beat，break，damage，tear，strike，hurt，paint，invite，repair，dress等動詞的過去分詞連用，構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。john and jane got married last month.上個月，約翰和簡結(jié)婚了。they got caught in the storm.他們碰上暴風(fēng)雨了。1. daniels family_their holiday in huangshan this time next week. aare enjoying bare to enjoycwill enjoy dwill be enjoying【解析】句意為：丹尼爾一家人下個星期的這個時候肯定正在黃山度假。根據(jù)this time next week判斷，選用將來進(jìn)行時will be doing?！敬鸢浮縟2. my parents have promised to come to see me before i_for africa. ahave left bleavecleft dwill leave【解析】句意為：我父母已經(jīng)答應(yīng)在我去非洲之前來看我。不定式to come to see me表示的是將來動作，before引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句需用一般現(xiàn)在時?！敬鸢浮縝3 during the period of recent terrorist activities，people_not to touch any unattended bag.ahad always been warnedbwere always being warnedcare always warningdalways warned【解析】句意為：在最近恐怖活動期間，人們總是在被警告不要碰任何無人照看的包。be always doing sth.總是做某事，表達(dá)某種抱怨、不滿或贊許的情緒。人們是“被警告”，要用被動語態(tài)。【答案】b4 the number of foreign students attending chinese universities_rising steadily since 1997.ais barechas been dhave been【解析】句意為：在中國上大學(xué)的外國留學(xué)生的數(shù)量自1997年以來穩(wěn)步上升?！皌he number ofn.”作主語時，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；由since 1997可知句子的時態(tài)應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時?！敬鸢浮縞5. ann is in hospital.oh，really？i_know.i_go and visit her.adidnt；am going to bdont；wouldcdont；will ddidnt；will【解析】句意為：ann在住院。哦，真的嗎？我還不知道呢。我要去看望她。這里講的i didnt know指的是在對方還沒告知ann在住院這件事之前，我不知道，所以用一般過去時；第二個空用will指的是事先未經(jīng)計劃或安排的“意愿，打算”?！敬鸢浮縟6. hi，torry，can i use your computer for a while this afternoon?sorry._.aits repaired bit has been repairedcits being repaired dit had been repaired【解析】句意為：嗨，torry，今天下午我能用一會兒你的電腦嗎？真抱歉，電腦正在修理。該句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是此時電腦正被維修，需用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)。【答案】c7 what do you think of the movie?its fantastic.the only pity is that i_the beginning of it.amissed bhad missedcmiss dwould miss【解析】句意為：你覺得這部電影怎么樣？太棒了。唯一可惜的是，我錯過了開頭部分。錯過開頭部分對于現(xiàn)在而言是發(fā)生在過去的事情，故選a。【答案】a8. his sister left home in 1998，and_since.ahad not been heard of bhas not been heard ofchad not heard of dhas not heard of【解析】句意為：他妹妹在1998年離開家，從那以后就沒了音訊。根據(jù)句意，指的是過去離開以后，到現(xiàn)在一直沒音訊，故用現(xiàn)在完成時；hear of與his sister在本句中為被動關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)，所以選b。【答案】b9. according to the literary review，shakespeare_his characters live through their language in his plays.awill make bhad madecwas making dmakes【解析】句意為：這篇文學(xué)評論說，莎士比亞使他劇中的人物通過語言鮮活起來。本句考查時態(tài)，當(dāng)介紹一種理論時，常用一般現(xiàn)在時。 【答案】d10 excuse me，marcia，a reporter from vanity fair_all day.could you speak to her now?aphones bhas phonedchas been phoning dphoned【解析】句意為：打擾了，marcia，一名vanity fair的記者打了一整天的電話。你現(xiàn)在可以接她的電話嗎？根據(jù)句意和時間狀語all day可知，此句需用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時表示說話人的一種情感，如：不滿，抱怨，責(zé)備等。注意，現(xiàn)在完成時表示到目前為止動作可能已經(jīng)結(jié)束，側(cè)重對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果。【答案】c1 do you know if terry will go camping this weekend?terry？never！she_tents and fresh air!ahas hated bhatedcwill hate dhates【解析】結(jié)合題意可知此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時表示她的習(xí)慣，她討厭帳篷和新鮮的空氣。【答案】d2 got your driving license?no.i_too busy to have enough practice，so i didnt take the driving test last week.awas bamchave been dhad been【解析】考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)句中so i didnt take the driving test last week可知說話人過去一直很忙而沒有進(jìn)行足夠的練習(xí)，以至于沒有參加上周的駕照考試。發(fā)生在過去的動作“take”之前，因此應(yīng)該用過去完成時?！敬鸢浮縟3 he will have learned english for eight years by the time he_from the university next year.awill graduate bwill have graduatedcgraduates dis to graduate【解析】考查時態(tài)。by the time引導(dǎo)的是時間狀語從句，而本句的主句是將來時，所以從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來?！敬鸢浮縞4i_in london for many years，but ive never regretted my final decision to move back to china.alived bhave livedchad lived dwas living【解析】“我在倫敦生活了很多年”只是對過去的一般敘述，過去的動作并沒有對現(xiàn)在造成影響，故用一般過去時?！敬鸢浮縜5 whats your opinion about my suggestion?sorry，i_.would you please say it again?ahadnt listened bwouldnt listencwasnt listening ddidnt listen【解析】考查時態(tài)。從本題的語境來看，說話人剛才沒有在聽對方的建議，因此，使用過去進(jìn)行時，表示“聽”的動作剛才沒有在發(fā)生?！敬鸢浮縞6 although many measures_，the worlds economy is still going down.awere taken bhave been takencwill be taken dare taken【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)。表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成影響，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時；take與measures之間構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，所以要用被動語態(tài)。【答案】b7. since the beginning of the vacation，i_across the country，and my next stop is the wuyi mountains.ahad traveled bwill travelchave been traveling dwas traveling【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)。該題的時間狀語為since過去的時間點，結(jié)合后面的“my next stop is the wuyi mountains”可以看出這里應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時，表示從過去開始的動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能持續(xù)下去。【答案】c8 right now the government is trying to control the number of people who_by h1n1 flu.ahave been affected bhave affectedcare affected daffect【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意為：政府正在試圖控制感染h1n1流感的人的數(shù)量。人們被感染流感，用sb.be affected by sth.結(jié)構(gòu)，這里說的是現(xiàn)在的一般情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)?！敬鸢浮縞9 i saw lucy and her boyfriend in the park at nine yesterday evening.impossible.she_the internet with me in my home then.asurfed bhad surfedcwould surf dwas surfing【解析】考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容可知，昨天晚上九點時lucy正在和我一起上網(wǎng)，因此用過去進(jìn)行時?！敬鸢浮縟10the employees_that they should renew their contracts within a week.aadvise bhave advisedcare advised dhad been advised【解析】考查動詞的語態(tài)。語意：(公司)建議員工在一周內(nèi)續(xù)簽合同。根據(jù)語意，the employees與advise為動賓關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)該用被動結(jié)構(gòu)，故選c項?！敬鸢浮縞11 with the help of high technologh，more and more new substances_in the past years.adiscovered bhave discoveredchad been discovered dhave been discovered【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。由句中的時間狀語in the past years可知，這里應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時；句子的主語new substances與discover之間為動賓關(guān)系，故選d項?！敬鸢浮縟12 look！everything here is under construction.whats the pretty small house that_for?ais being built bhas been builtcis built dis building【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。語意表明從句中用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，名詞house是動詞build的承受者，所以謂語用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)。第二句語意為：正在修建的那座漂亮的小房子是用來做什么的？【答案】a13 did you have any trouble finding your way in shanghai?yes，i tried to find my way to the airport but_.ahas been lost bget lostclost dgot lost【解析】前面的問句以及tried暗示時態(tài)應(yīng)為一般過去時，因此選got lost。【答案】d14 weve been told the good news，but when and where to go for the exciting paid vacation_yet.aare not discussed bhave not been discussedcis not being discussed dhas not been discussed【解析】后一分句的主語為when and where to go for the exciting paid vacation，表示的是一件事，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，由此排除a、b兩項。根據(jù)句末的yet可知應(yīng)該用完成時，即這件事還沒有被討論?！敬鸢浮縟15 we havent moved into the new office buildingit_right now.ais decorating bhas been decoratedcis being decorated dhas been decorating【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)。根據(jù)題干中前面一句話的時態(tài)及后一句話中的時間狀語right now可知，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時；又依據(jù)語意可知，房子正在(被)裝修，因此選c?！敬鸢浮縞1 whats that terrible noise，david?oh，i forgot to tell you.the new machines in the nearby plant_.awere testedbwill be testedcare being testeddhave been tested解析：考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)問句中的whats that terrible noise 可知，這里應(yīng)該用進(jìn)行時態(tài)，噪音是機(jī)器正在被檢測時發(fā)出的，所以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)。答案：c2 the attackers were arrested and didnt know where they_.awould takebare takencwere being takendwill be taken解析：句意為：襲擊者被捕了，他們不知道正被帶往何處。根據(jù)didnt know 可知，空格處也應(yīng)該用過去的某種時態(tài)，所以b、d不正確；根據(jù)句意可知此處用被動語態(tài)，故選c。答案：c3people begin to know that most environmental problems exist because necessary measures for preventing them_taken in the past.aare notbwere notchadnt beendwouldnt be解析：句意為：人們開始了解到由于在過去沒有采取必要的預(yù)防措施從而造成了大多數(shù)的環(huán)境問題。in the past暗示出用過去時態(tài)；hadnt been 指在一個過去的動作或時間之前發(fā)生的事情；wouldnt be 表過去將來，故b項正確。答案：b4 monitor?im not monitor of our class.i_with the teacher until the monitor is elected.awill just helpbam just to helpcam just helpingdhave just helped解析：考查時態(tài)。下句意為：我只是在幫助老師，直到選出班長為止。根據(jù)上下句語意可知，此處用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，表示答話者當(dāng)時所處的狀態(tài)。答案：c5 i hear you_at smiths.yes，i_there for about three months.awork；had been workingbworked；was workingcare working；have been workingdworked；have worked解析：本題考查時態(tài)。聽說你正在smiths 上班，因此應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)；我在那里已經(jīng)工作大約三個月了(可能還會持續(xù)下去)，因此需要使用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時態(tài)。答案：c6 why didnt you come to the cinema with us last saturday?oh，sorry.but i_the film.aseebsawchave seendhad seen解析：考查動詞的時態(tài)。由語意可知，這個電影在上周六(last saturday)之前就已經(jīng)看過了，也就是說動作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”，因此應(yīng)該用過去完成時。答案：d7 a big step _to strengthen chinas health care systems since we launched an effort in 2008.ahas been takenbis being takencwas takendhad been taken解析：考查時態(tài)。since(自從)所在的從句用了一般過去時，主句一般用現(xiàn)在完成時。答案：a8 i have been on diet for months and next time you see me，i _five pounds.awill have lostbwill losechave lostdam losing解析：本題考查動詞時態(tài)。句意為：我已經(jīng)減肥好幾個月了，等下次再見我時，我就會輕五磅。根據(jù)語境知句子要用將來完成時，故a項正確。答案：a9 are you going to further your studies after graduation?well，i_yet.i mig