浙江省高考英語二輪復習 科普知識閱讀理解（5）.doc

科普知識閱讀理解（5）科普知識（閱讀理解）由 (2012福建,d)改編do you know how it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too?or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself?well,apparently its because we have mirror neurons (神經元)in our brains.put simply,the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something,our brains imitate (模枋)it,whether or not we actually perform the same action.this explains a great deal about how we learn to smile,talk,walk,dance or play sports.but the idea goes further:mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions,they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people.mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains,but especially in the areas which relate to our ability to use languages,and to understand how other people feel.researchers have found that mirror neurons relate strongly to language.a group of researchers discovered that if they gave people sentences to listen to (for example:“the hand took hold of the ball”),the same mirror neurons were triggered as when the action was actually performed (in this example,actually taking hold of a ball).any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior.much research suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully functioning.however,it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders.research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with ever more information concerning how humans behave and interact (互動).indeed,it may turn out to be the equivalent (相等物)for neuroscience of what einsteins theory of relativity was for physics.and the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when someone else doeswell,perhaps youll understand why.1.mirror neurons can explain .a.why we cry when we are hurtb.why we cough when we suffer from a coldc.why we smile when we see someone else smiled.why we yawn when we see someone else stay up late2.the underlined word “triggered”in the third paragraph probably means “”.a.set offb.cut offc.built upd.broken up3.we can learn from the passage that mirror neurons .a.relate to human behavior and interactionb.control human physical actions and feelingsc.result in bad behavior and social disordersd.determine our knowledge and language abilities4.what is the passage mainly about?()a.ways to find mirror neurons.b.problems of mirror neurons.c.existence of mirror neurons.d.functions of mirror neurons.語篇解讀:本文是說明文,為科普知識類文章,主要介紹在人類大腦中無處不在的反應神經元的功能。答案及剖析:1.c推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一、二句可知,反應神經元的存在表明了每次我們看見別人做什么時,我們的大腦就模仿,這足以解釋我們是如何學會笑、說、走、跳舞或是運動的。故答案為c項。2.a猜測詞義題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句意思,一組研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)如果他們讓被測試者聽這樣的句子(例如:“用手抓住球”),同樣,當相應的實際動作在運轉時,反應神經元也起作用。set off激起,引起;cut off切斷;build up增進;break up散開,驅散。故答案為a項。3.a推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句可知,反應神經元的相關研究似乎為我們提供更多有關人類行為和互動的信息。因此,可以推斷反應神經元與人類行為和互動有關聯(lián),故答案為a項。4.d主旨大意題。文章主要介紹反應神經元的作用,故答案為d項。【長難句子分析】muchresearch主語suggests謂語 that people (withsocial and behavioral賓語從句problems)定語have mirror neurons (which are not fully賓語從句 functioning).定語從句賓語從句許多研究表明,社交和舉止有問題的人,他的反應神經元功能沒有充分發(fā)揮。謂語動詞suggests后面跟著一個由that引導的賓語從句,其中with social and behavioral problems作people的定語;which引導的定語從句修飾先行詞mirror neurons。閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項 (a、b、c和d) 中, 選出最佳選項。【2014江西省九江市高三年級模擬考試】many people think of the brain as a mystery.they dont know much about intelligence and how it works.when they do think about what intelligence is，many people believe that a person is born smart，average，or dumband stays that way in the whole life.but new research shows that the brain is more like a muscleit changes and gets stronger when you use it.and scientists have been able to show just how the brain grows and gets stronger when you learn.everyone knows that when you lift weights，your muscles get bigger and you get stronger.a person who cant lift 20 pounds when he/she starts exercising can get strong enough to lift 100 pounds after working out for a long time.thats because the muscles become larger and stronger with exercise.and when you stop exercising，the muscles shrink and you get weaker.thats why people say “use it or lose it！” but most people dont know that when they practice and learn new things，parts of their brain change and get larger a lot like muscles do when they exercise.inside the cortex (皮層) of the brain are billions of tiny nerve cells，called neurons.the nerve cells have branches connecting them to other cells in a complicated network.communication between these brain cells is what allows us to think and solve problems.when you learn new things，these tiny connections in the brain actually multiply and get stronger.the more you challenge your mind to learn，the more your brain cells grow.then，things that you once found very hard or even impossible to dolike speaking a foreign language or doing algebra (代數(shù))seem to become easy after learning them for a period of time.the result is a stronger，smarter brain.scientists started thinking that the human brain could develop and change when they studied animals brains.they found out that animals that lived in a challenging environment were more “perspicacious”they were better at solving problems and learning new things.1. according to the first paragraph，_.athe function of our brain is like that of the musclebuntil now its impossible to explain the brains mysterycmany people believe ones intelligence is naturally determineddones brain grows stronger as the age increases2training muscles is compared to_.ausing the brainbconnecting things in your brainclifting weightsddoing research about the brain3what is paragraph 3 mainly about?athe complex structure of the brain.bhow changes in the muscles affect the brain.cthe importance of the brain.dhow the brain becomes stronger by learning new things.4what does the underlined word “perspicacious” in the last paragraph probably mean?astrong.bsmart.cpopular.dactive.5the following paragraph will most probably talk about_.athe differences between animals brains and humans brainsbthe relation between human brains and musclescscientists findings about animals brainsdhow to make your brain smarter through selfdevelopment語篇解讀科學研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，經常學習能促進大腦的發(fā)育，正如經常鍛煉能使肌肉更強健一樣。1解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“many people believe that a person is born smart，average，or dumband stays that way in the whole life.”可知c項正確。答案：c2解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“but new research shows that the brain is more like a muscleit changes and gets stronger when you use it.”可知答案。答案：a3解析：考查段落大意。本段詳細描述了大腦如何通過練習和學習新事物而發(fā)生變化，從而變得更敏捷。答案： d4解析：考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)破折號后面的“they were better at sloving problems and learning new things”可知，該詞應為“敏銳的”之意。答案：b5解析：考查推理判斷。最后一段提出科學家是從研究動物的大腦得出的結論，因此下一段最可能進一步描述這些研究成果。答案：c.。閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項 (a、b、c和d) 中, 選出最佳選項?！?013江西省高三上學期七校聯(lián)考】a year ago august，dave fuss lost his job driving a truck for a small company in west michigan.his wife，gerrie，was still working in the local school cafeteria，but work for dave was scarce，and the price of everything was rising.the fusses were at risk of joining the millions of americans who have lost their homes in recent years.then dave and gerrie received a timely gift$7,000，a legacy (遺產) from their neighbors ish and arlene hatch who died in an accident.“it really made a difference when we were going under financially，” says dave.but the fusses werent the only folks in alto and the neighboring town of lowell to receive the unexpected legacy from the hatches.dozens of other families were touched by the hatches generosity.in some cases，it was a few thousand dollars；in others，it was more than $100,000.it surprised nearly everyone that the hatches had so much money，more than $3 millionthey were an elderly couple who lived in an old house on what was left of the family farm.children of the great depression，ish and arlene were known for their habit of saving.they liked comparison shopping and would routinely go from store to store，checking prices before making a new purchase.through the years，the hatches paid for local children to attend summer camp when their parents couldnt afford it.“ish and arlene never asked if you needed anything，” says their friend sandy van weelden.“they could see things they could do to make you happier，and they would do them.”even more extraordinary was that the hatches had their farmland distributed.it was the hatches wish that their legacya legacy of kindness as much as one of dollars and centsshould enrich the whole community and last for generations to come.neighbors helping neighborsthat was ish and arlene hatchs story.1according to the text，the fusses_.awere employed by a truck companybwere in financial difficultycworked in a school cafeteriadlost their home2which of the following is true of the hatches?athey had their children during the great depression.bthey left the family farm to live in an old house.cthey gave away their possessions to their neighbors.dthey helped their neighbors to find jobs.3why would the hatches routinely go from store to store?athey decided to open a store.bthey wanted to save money.cthey couldnt afford expensive things.d