常用英語數(shù)字的翻譯方法.doc

常用英語數(shù)字的翻譯方法英語中的有些數(shù)詞在漢譯時可以等值翻譯。但是，也有不少數(shù)詞在漢譯中不能等值翻譯，或者完全不譯出來。這種翻譯處理方法是為了使?jié)h譯句子能符合漢語的表達習慣。以下分別舉例說明。（1）等值翻譯：a drop in the ocean滄海一粟within a stones throw一箭之遙ki11 two birds with one stone一箭雙雕A fall into the pit， a gain in your wit.。吃一塹，長一智。（2）不等值翻譯：at sixes and sevens亂七八糟on second thoughts再三考慮by ones and twos兩兩地，零零落落地Two heads are better than one.三個臭皮匠勝過諸葛亮。-Can you come down a little？ -Sorry， its one price for all.你能便宜一點賣嗎？對不起，不二價。He had one over the eight after be drank only half bottle of the wine.他才喝了半瓶酒就醉得七歪八倒了。（3）不必譯出One mans meat is another mans poison.人各有所好。Ill love you three score and ten.我會一輩子愛你的。Ten to one he has forgotten it.很可能他已經(jīng)忘了。His mark in math is second to none in the class.他的數(shù)學分數(shù)在班上是名列前茅的。She is a second Lei Feng.她是雷鋒式的人物。I always believe my sixth sense.我總相信我的直覺。He talks about you nine times out of ten when we have a chitchat.每次我們閑聊他幾乎都談及你。The parson official1y pronounced that they became one.牧師正式宣告他們成婚。I used to study in France in the year one.我早年曾在法國學習。不定冠詞a的翻譯特點英語中不定冠詞a（an）相當活躍，就連英美的作家有時對它也看法不一?，F(xiàn)用實例來說明在翻譯中常出現(xiàn)的一些非常規(guī)用法。（1）a day or two（one or two days）一兩天但前者作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)、復數(shù)均可；后者作主語時，謂語用復數(shù)形式。（2）more than a year一年多的時間（即一年零幾個月）；比較more than one year不止一年的時間（即兩年。三年）。（3）a ten years l0年a dozen times l2次用在基數(shù)詞前表示一個數(shù)量單位。（4）once upon a time從前for a time暫時in a sense從某種意義上說in a measure有幾分在某些口語中作“某一”“某些”講。（5）A cow is a domestic animal母牛是家畜。主語中的a表示any“任何一個”，所以a可以表示一般性，代表全體。（6）be of an age同歲we are just of an age.我們恰好是同歲。（7）once a year一年一次three times a day一日三次其中的a近似于per， each，very用于計算價錢、時間和速度。（8）have a look看一看need a wash洗一洗a good knowledge豐富的知識a crashing of gears變速箱發(fā)出的一陣陣碰撞聲a screeching of tyres剎車時汽車輪胎發(fā)出刺耳的響聲a有在與動詞同形的名詞前或名詞化的動名詞前，表示一定的量或一些響聲。（9）We need a Washington ioday.今天我們需要像華盛頓那樣的人物。The city is a London in miniature.那個城市就像是個“小倫敦”。a可以表示借喻，表示“和相似的人、事或地方。（10）I have got a complete Shakespeare at hand.我手頭有莎士比亞全集。My wife is a Stuart.我的妻子是斯圖亞特家的人。A Mr.Smith called this morning.有位叫史密斯的先生今天早上來過電話。His father bought an Uuderwood last week.上周他父親買了臺安德伍德牌打字機。a可用在作家、畫家、名家、發(fā)明家前表示其作品，用在姓氏前表示某家族的一員或不認識的姓。（11）He settled in a China which every orie knows to have been completely changed for two years. 他在大家都知道的已經(jīng)完全改變了面貌的中國定居了兩年。a用在帶有定語的專有名詞前，表示情況的改變。（12）a glass一只玻璃杯 - glass玻璃a hot coal一塊燒紅的煤-coal煤a heavy rain一陣大雨-rain雨a用在物質(zhì)名詞前，使物質(zhì)名詞變成普通名詞（13）It is a bOther to me.這對我來說是件麻煩事。She is an honour to her school，她是個為母校增光的人。a用在抽象名詞前，使抽象名詞變?yōu)槠胀~。（14）a new moon一輪新月（c.f. the moon月亮）a world like ours像我們這樣的世界（c.f. the world世界）原本the的名詞改用a后，表示某種狀態(tài)。（15）a red and black skirt一條紅黑相間的裙子（一條）a red and a black skirt一條紅裙和一條黑裙（二條）兩個詞同指一物或一人時只用一個a，指兩件物品或兩個人時，兩個詞分別用a我整理的英漢漢英翻譯英翻中fellow countrymen 同胞？militarist軍閥？Chinese Communist Party 黨組織he Grand Canal （京杭）大運河？Industrial Revolution 工業(yè)革命？down to dark從早到晚especially English 具有英國特征的cottage industry 農(nóng)村手工業(yè)？Indian summer 最后的余輝stock-raising 畜牧業(yè)？Homestead Act 宅地法？wild west 西部荒原the gold rush 淘金熱？basic occupation 基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)？Department of Agriculture 農(nóng)業(yè)部門the Nile Delta 尼羅河三角洲coastal erosion 水土流失Mediterranean climate 地中海型氣候surveyor general 測量總監(jiān)？sovereign nation 主權(quán)國家？aggregate output 總產(chǎn)量coastal area 沿海地區(qū)？telephone connections 電話用戶？economic well-being 生活水平two way trade 雙向貿(mào)易？lucrative export market 出口市場？foreign exchange 外匯sum total 總數(shù)？per capita 人均？GNP 國民生產(chǎn)總值joint ventures 合資企業(yè)？net income 凈收入？world investment system世界投資體系the stock of foreign investment 外資存量？major economy 經(jīng)濟大國the stimulus， the technology and the funding 動力、技術(shù)和資金international trade and investment 國際貿(mào)易和投資？popular science 科普讀物Arctic seas 北冰洋？vegetable oil 植物油？mineral oil煤油internal combustion engine內(nèi)燃機warfare on land and sea 陸戰(zhàn)和海戰(zhàn)minute sea creatures and plants 微小的海洋動植物？crude oil 原油？sedimentary rocks 沉積巖pitch lake 瀝青湖？superhighway 高速公路？living organism 生物體applied entomology 應用昆蟲學？environmental Law環(huán)保法？wildlife 野生生物freedom from noise pollution 無噪聲污染？Act 法？amendment 修正案？ 轉(zhuǎn)貼于bill 議案？hearing 聽證會？lobby 院外活動集團？universal copyright convention 世界版權(quán)公約a system of copyright protection 版權(quán)保護制度？Contracting States 成員國Director-General 總干事mean temperature 平均溫度Chinas “most important historical sites” 全國重點保護文物the cultural relics文物mutual prosperity 相互繁榮international trade 世界貿(mào)易bilateral trade雙邊貿(mào)易commercial and financial relationships 貿(mào)易與金融關(guān)economic performance/reform經(jīng)濟改革economic course經(jīng)濟道路？employment 就業(yè)？food production 食品加工heavy industries 重工業(yè)financial services sector 金融服務foreign exchange dealing 外匯交易the international community國際社會foreign funds外國資金domestic competition 國內(nèi)競爭multilateral disciplines多邊規(guī)定a part-time river 季節(jié)性河流oil-burning lamps油燈science of biological control 生物控制學new areas of thought新的思維空間a warm-blooded animal 恒溫動物grant a license頒發(fā)許可證strip mining 露天采礦offshore oil drilling 近海石油鉆探waste disposal 廢物處理national life國民生計enacting legislation立法remaining open land尚未開發(fā)的土地a system of copyright protection版權(quán)保護制度policies of reform and opening to the outside world改革開放政策national lives人民生活national security policies國家安全政策中翻英流派school文學家man of letters文學界literary circle欺世盜名glory-seeking新民主主義New Democracy五四運動The May 4th Movement反帝國主義運動anti-imperialist movement反封建運動anti-feudal movement辛亥革命 the Revolution of 1911初步共產(chǎn)主義思想rudiments of communist ideology六三運動 June 3rd Movement文化革命 the cultural revolution小資產(chǎn)階級和資產(chǎn)階級知識分子petty-bourgeois and bourgeois intellectuals in the cities市民階級 the urban intelligentsia五卅運動 May 30th Movement in 1925北伐戰(zhàn)爭 the Northern Expedition北洋軍閥政府 the Northern Warlord government右翼 right wing民族危機 national crisis巴黎和會 the Paris Peace Conference故宮博物館 the Imperial Palace/ the Palace Museum故宮Old Palace天安門Tian An Men Gate太廟 The Imperial Ancestral Temple中山公園 the Sun Yat-Sen Park磚木結(jié)構(gòu) wood and brick太和殿 the Hall of Supreme Harmony午門 the Meridian Gate外朝 the Outer Palace內(nèi)廷 the Inner Court金水橋 the Golden Water Bridge太和門 the Gate of Supreme Harmony中和殿 the Hall of Complete Harmony保和殿 the Hall of Preserving Harmony御花園 the imperial garden白塔 the White Dagoba琉璃瓦 glazed tiles糧食自給率 self-sufficiency rate of grain凈進口量net import rate消費量consumption quantity農(nóng)業(yè)自然資源 Natural agricultural resources生產(chǎn)條件 production condition技術(shù)水平technical level耕地cultivated land單位面積per unit area復種指數(shù) the multiple crop index內(nèi)陸水域 inland waters水產(chǎn)品 aquatic products集約化intensification木本植物 arbor foodstuffs知識經(jīng)濟 knowledge economy勞動密集型產(chǎn)業(yè) labour intensive industries貿(mào)易與金融關(guān)系 commercial and financial ties中國少年兒童出版社 China Children Press兒童文學 Childrens Literature絲綢之路 the Silk Road井地之蛙 a frog at the bottom of a well落湯雞 like a drowned rate陸地自然資源 land natural resources淡水資源 freshwater resources礦產(chǎn)資源 mineral resources大陸岸線 mainland coastline島嶼岸線islands coastline聯(lián)合國海洋法公約 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea中國海域 Chinas sea areas淺海 shallow seas人工養(yǎng)殖 aquatic products沉積盆地sedimentation basin中國沿海Chinas coasts深水岸線 deep-water stretch of coast可再生能源regenerable energy resources全球生命支持系統(tǒng)the global bio-support system全國人民代表大會 National Peoples Congress中外合資經(jīng)營 Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures國際經(jīng)濟合作 international economic cooperation技術(shù)交流 technological exchange經(jīng)濟組織 economic organization外國合營者 foreign joint venturer平等互利的原則 the principle of equality and mutual benefit and subject公共利益 public interest有限責任公司 limited liability company對外經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易主管部門 States competent department in charge of foreign economic relations and trade工商行政管理主管部門 the States competent department in charge of industry and commerce administration營業(yè)執(zhí)照 business license注冊資本 registered capital合營企業(yè)經(jīng)營期間 in its practicing deception董事會 a board of directors董事長 chairman企業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃 the ventures development plans生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營活動方案 proposals for production and business operations收支預算 the budg