非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)題解.doc

非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)題解非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)是中學(xué)英語語法的難點(diǎn)之一，也是NMET以及同等水平英語測試要求考生必須掌握的基本語法知識(shí)。雖然學(xué)生從初中二年級(jí)便開始接觸這方面知識(shí)，而到了高三仍有許多學(xué)生不能正確理解和運(yùn)用非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)。下面筆者根據(jù)自己的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)并結(jié)合相關(guān)例題談?wù)勅绾巫骱梅侵^語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)的考前復(fù)習(xí)工作。一 動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)不定式的基本屬性是表示“將來”。在英語中有些動(dòng)詞要求接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)，表示了動(dòng)作將發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后。這些動(dòng)詞常見的有：ask, tell, cause, force, want, enable, feel, find, get, let, allow, wish, want, like, know, intend, expect, prefer, permit, request, hear, help, order, invite, encourage, warn, remind, oblige etc.例題1 (2003常州高三模擬測試題 24)His parents meant him _ science research, but he showed no interest and turned poet.A. going in for B. to have gone in for C. to go in for D. having gone in for解析 本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)。動(dòng)詞mean（想要）后接不定式作賓補(bǔ)。題干的后半句“對(duì)此沒有興趣，就當(dāng)了詩人”表明他已使父母的愿望落空。所以，用不定式完成體。答案：B例題2 (2004太原高三模擬考試（二）24)Parents should encourage their children _ their own decisions in order to develop their independenceA. making B. made C. to make D. to have made解析 本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)。Allow 后面要跟帶to 的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。D項(xiàng)表示動(dòng)作處于完成狀態(tài)，不合題義。答案：C例題3 (2004昆明市高三模擬題24)Do you have anything _, sir?No, thank you.A. to type B. to be typed C. type D. typing解析 本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)。題干中的have sth to be done 不同于have sth to do。前者中的to be done作賓補(bǔ)，表示有事情讓他人做；而后者中的to do 作定語，表示自己有事要做。 答案：B例題4 (2004湖北省重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高三第二學(xué)聯(lián)考題31)What would you need, besides a sewing-machine, _ a dress?Youd have to have some material and a pair of scissors.A. make B. made C. making D. to make解析 本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)。題干中的besides a sewing-machine是插入成分。簡化后可以清晰地看出“Sb need sth to do sth”這一基本句型。答案：D二 To be 不定式作賓補(bǔ)在英語中有些動(dòng)詞要求接 to be不定式作賓補(bǔ)，用來說明邏輯主語的身份特征。這些動(dòng)詞常見的有：Believe, consider, discover, declare, find, feel, know, think, prove, suppose, turn out, judge, imagine, guess etc.例題5 (2003廣州市高中畢業(yè)班綜合測試（一）25)What does Mr. White think of Tom?He _ Tom a good student.A. recognize B. believes C. considers D. agree解析 本題考查動(dòng)詞的用法。題中的believe 和 consider 都可以跟to be 不定式作賓補(bǔ)。如果是名詞作不定式的表語，consider后的to be 可以省掉，而believe 只有在形容詞作表語時(shí)才可以省掉to be。答案：C例題6 (2004寧波十校聯(lián)考30)How old is he?I should suppose _ about twenty.A. him to be B. him being C. to be D. he be解析 本題考查suppose后面跟復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。Suppose 后可以接從句，但一般用陳述語氣。所以選A, 即用to be 不定式作賓補(bǔ)。答案：A這種結(jié)構(gòu)在書面語言中使用較多，而在口語中多用賓語從句。在think, believe, consider, find 等詞后，to be 不定式通?？梢圆挥?，例如：They found the answer (to be) quite satisfactory.I believe him (to be) right.三 省掉to 的不定式作賓補(bǔ)在英語中有兩種動(dòng)詞可以接省掉to 的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。一類是使役動(dòng)詞let, make 和 have，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之后；另一類是感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, notice, observe, look at, listen to, hear, feel 等。這些動(dòng)詞后使用省掉to 的不定式強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生了。例題7 (2003煙臺(tái)市高考適應(yīng)性練習(xí)（三）29)It is encouraging to see millions on the earth who had nothing but a record of misery and hunger _ the chance to improve their life.A. having B. to have C. have D. who have解析 本題考查省掉to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。題干中的who引導(dǎo)的定語從句連同介詞短語on theearth都可以理解為干擾成分。簡化后便成“It is encouraging to see sb have the chance to do sth”答案：C但是在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中必須在不定式前再加上to。例題8 (2002陜西省高考模擬考試（二）23)Does anyone want an extra ticket to go to the movies?Whom would rather _ with you, Gorge or me?A. to go B. have gone C. have go D. going解析 本題考察省掉 to 的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的用法。疑問詞whom作使役動(dòng)詞have的賓語，因?yàn)楸惶崆埃黾恿吮绢}的難度系數(shù)。答案：C例題9 (2004南陽市高三第二次模擬考試26)Do you have any clothes _, sir?No, thank you, I had my daughter _ them this morning.A to wash; washed B washing; wash C washed; to wash D to be washed; wash解析 本題既考查不定式的被動(dòng)形式作賓補(bǔ)，又考查了省掉to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。第一have sth to be done中的不定式被動(dòng)形式表示讓主語以外的人去做；第二句中have是使役動(dòng)詞，后面要求跟省掉to 的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。用答案：D四 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)在英語中感官動(dòng)詞后還可以接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作（當(dāng)時(shí)）正在發(fā)生。這類動(dòng)詞有：see, watch, notice, observe, look at, listen to, hear, feel 等。例題10 (2003北京海淀區(qū)高三第二學(xué)期期末練習(xí)26)ONeal works hard. He is often seen _ heavily before his teammates have even arrived at practice.A. sweated B. to be sweated C. sweating D. being sweated解析 本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作主補(bǔ)。在本題的主動(dòng)語態(tài)see sb doing結(jié)構(gòu)中，現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)，表示動(dòng)作當(dāng)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行。所以選用sweating，描寫人們看到奧尼爾大汗淋漓的景象。答案：C 例題11 (2003NMET 22)A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen.A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked解析 本題查考非謂語動(dòng)詞例題12 (2004北京春招 32)He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting解析 本題考查現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)。Catch sb doing sth 意思是“無意發(fā)現(xiàn)某人（正）在做什么”。B 項(xiàng)是不定式的進(jìn)行體，表示將來正在做某事，不合題義。 答案：D五 過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)在英語中有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞可以跟過去分詞作賓補(bǔ), 表明過去分詞和邏輯主語之間呈被動(dòng)關(guān)系。這類動(dòng)詞有：Find, feel, hear, see, have, get, leave, like, keep, expect, want, wish, make, order等。例題13 (20022NMET22)The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out解析 定語從句they would like to see修飾先行詞the plan,關(guān)系代詞that則指代plan, 做see 的賓語,carry out 的對(duì)象是plan, 故用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。例題14 (2003北京宣武區(qū)高三質(zhì)量檢測27)You will find the word “psychology” _ under “P” in your dictionary.A. have listed B. list C. listed D. listing解析 非謂語動(dòng)詞“列”同邏輯主語“psychology”之間呈被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以使用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。答案：C例題15 (2003臨汾市高考模擬考試32)What are you up to tomorrow morning?Im going to the passport office _.A. for stamping my passport B. to stamp my passportC. to have stamped my passport D. to have my passport stamped解析 B和C分別使用了動(dòng)詞不定式的一般體和完成體，但實(shí)質(zhì)含義都是說明由不定式的邏輯主語“I”去給護(hù)照蓋章，所以不合題義。而D項(xiàng)的意思是（叫人）給護(hù)照蓋個(gè)章，所以使用由名詞+過去分詞組成的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。答案：D例題16 (2004桂林市高考第一次模擬試題