英國(guó)文學(xué)史個(gè)時(shí)期作者作品及地位對(duì)應(yīng)表.doc

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文檔英國(guó)文學(xué)作家作品列表PeriodHistorical BackgroundLife TimeNameCN NameWritingsCN WritingsNotesEarly&Medieval Period(449-1485)早期中世紀(jì)時(shí)期（poetry, Romance, Popular ballad）英國(guó)中世紀(jì)文學(xué)史大致可分為盎格魯-撒克遜（The Anglo-Saxon Period,449-1066）和中古英語(yǔ)（The Middle English Period,1066-1485）兩個(gè)時(shí)期。The making of the England: Jutes, Angles and Saxons invaded Albion and combined into one United Kingdom-the England.Their dialects gradually grew into a single language called Anglo-Saxon, or Old English.Feudal system was established；Roman Catholic Church controlled over the country.700-750Boewulf貝奧武甫英國(guó)的民族史詩(shī)(the national epic of the English people) stricking feature: alliteration, metaphors and understatements.1343-1400Geoffrey Chaucer杰弗利喬叟The Canterbury Tales（Masterpiece）坎特伯雷故事集the Father of English poetry英國(guó)詩(shī)歌之父，the forerunner of English renaissance英國(guó)文藝復(fù)興先驅(qū)， metrical form (格律形式) laid the foundation of the English verse格律形式奠定了基礎(chǔ)的英語(yǔ)節(jié)律，the heroic couplet英雄雙韻體RenaissancePeriod(Humanism)(late 15th century early 17th century)文藝復(fù)興伊麗莎白時(shí)代（The Elizabethan Age）的英國(guó)戲劇是英國(guó)文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期所有文學(xué)形式中最輝煌的一種，代表了英國(guó)乃至整個(gè)歐洲文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期文學(xué)創(chuàng)作的最高成就。poetry (sonnet and blank verse), drama, essayThe Wars of the Roses (1455-1485) and Tudor dynasty which was established by Henry VII in 1485.Reformation: Protestantism became the official national religion.The Enclosure movement: compelled peasants to become the hired laborers for the merchants. Flourishing in the Elizabethan Age: The commercial expansion and the rise of bourgeoisie.The war with Spain: in 1588, the Spanish Armada was defeated. England had sovereignty over the seas.文藝復(fù)興具有三個(gè)主要特征:古希臘、羅馬文化的復(fù)興；知識(shí)的復(fù)興;人文主義運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)展。1478-1535Thomas More托馬斯莫爾Utopia烏托邦理想國(guó)，空想主義的代名詞，開(kāi)創(chuàng)英國(guó)哲理幻想小說(shuō)傳統(tǒng)的先河the first to introduce the Sonnet into English literature首先把十四行詩(shī)譯成英語(yǔ)文學(xué)1552-1599Edmund Spenser埃德蒙斯賓賽The Faerie Queen仙后the poets poet詩(shī)人中的詩(shī)人歌頌女王，宣揚(yáng)人文主義思想The Spenserian Stanza斯賓塞詩(shī)體1564-1593Christopher Marlowe克里斯扥夫馬洛Dr FauctusTamburlaineThe Jew of Malta浮士德博士的悲劇帖木耳大帝馬耳他的猶太人The Renaissance exploration spirit and extreme individualism spirit文藝復(fù)興探索精神和極端的個(gè)人主義精神, the greatest playwright before Shakespeare莎士比亞之前最偉大的劇作家，“University Wit”大學(xué)才子派, the pioneer of English drama1564-1616William Shakespeare威廉莎士比亞Four comedies：1.A midsummer nights dream2.The Merchant of Venice3.As You Like it4.Twelfth night Four tragedies:1.Hamlet 2.Othello3.King Lear4.The tragedy of MacbethThe Tempest四大喜?。?.仲夏夜之夢(mèng) 2.威尼斯商人3.皆大歡喜4.第十二夜四大悲劇：1. 哈姆雷特2. 奧賽羅3. 李爾王4.麥克白暴風(fēng)雨above all writers in the past and in the present time，he produced 2 long narrative poems, 154 sonnets and 38 plays兩首長(zhǎng)詩(shī)歌，154首十四行詩(shī)和38部戲劇，represents the climax of the Renaissance代表了文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的高潮，one of the first founders of realism第一個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的創(chuàng)始人之一，an encyclopedia of the Elizabethan Age伊麗莎白時(shí)代的百科全書(shū)，the largest command of vocabulary他有最大的詞匯量，Aeschylus and Shakespeare as “ the two greatest dramatic geniuses the world has ever known”埃斯庫(kù)羅斯和莎士比亞是“兩個(gè)世界歷來(lái)所知最偉大的戲劇天才”1561-1626Francis Bacon弗蘭西斯培根Essays Of Studies論說(shuō)文集論讀書(shū)champion of modern science現(xiàn)代科學(xué)擁護(hù)者，散文家，題材廣泛17th century（poetry, comedy, prose）English Revolution (1649)The establishment of a CommonwealthThe monarchy was restored (1660)Glorious Revolution(1688)17世紀(jì)前60年，是一個(gè)動(dòng)蕩不安，風(fēng)云際會(huì)的時(shí)代：期間爆發(fā)了震驚世界的英國(guó)清教革命。事實(shí)上，早在16世紀(jì)末，伊麗莎白女王統(tǒng)治晚期，英國(guó)社會(huì)已危機(jī)暗伏。1588年，英國(guó)戰(zhàn)勝了西班牙無(wú)敵艦隊(duì)，取得海上霸主的地位。外患既去，內(nèi)憂漸起，一致對(duì)外時(shí)被擱置一旁的種種矛盾逐漸暴露了出來(lái)，并迅速激化：以宗教改革為目的的清教實(shí)力日益壯大，矛頭直指黑暗腐敗的國(guó)教；議會(huì)和王權(quán)間摩擦頻繁，新興資產(chǎn)階級(jí)羽翼漸豐，不甘雌伏于王權(quán)之下；兼之兩任斯圖亞特王詹姆士一世和查理一世缺乏政治才能，政府腐化，人民的不滿情緒高漲，1642年英國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)終于爆發(fā)。7世紀(jì)上半葉，影響英國(guó)的不僅是清教革命，一場(chǎng)思想革命也在悄然展開(kāi)?，F(xiàn)代天文學(xué)家哥白尼（Nicolaus Copernicus,14731543）大膽提出了日心說(shuō)，推翻了地球是宇宙中心的觀念。1572-1631John DonneThe metaphysical玄學(xué)派約翰鄧恩The FleaDeath Be Not ProudThe Songs and Sonnets A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning跳蚤死神你別驕傲歌謠與十四行詩(shī)離別辭：節(jié)哀the founder of Metaphysical poetry(writing on love, death and religion)形而上學(xué)的詩(shī)歌的創(chuàng)始人(寫(xiě)愛(ài)情、死亡和宗教)，The Metaphysical Conceit玄學(xué)奇喻cynicism犬儒主義1608-1674John Milton The puritan清教徒約翰彌爾頓LycidasAreopagitica Paradise LostParadise RegainedSamson Agonistes利西達(dá)斯為英國(guó)人民申辯失樂(lè)園復(fù)樂(lè)園力士參孫a great revolutionary poet of the 17th century17世紀(jì)的偉大的革命詩(shī)人，a great master of blank verse無(wú)韻詩(shī)的大師，the most perfect example of the verse drama after the Greek style in English英語(yǔ)詩(shī)歌戲劇之后希臘風(fēng)格是最完美的例子1628-1688John BunyanThe puritan清教徒約翰班楊The Pilgrims Progress天路歷程A Puritan prose writer一個(gè)清教徒散文作家，allegory夢(mèng)幻宗教寓言，In the 17th century British social realistic picture 17世紀(jì)英國(guó)社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義圖景1631-1700John DrydenThe cavalier約翰德萊頓All for Love 一切為了愛(ài)情Age of Dryden the greatest poet between Milton and Popepoet laureate桂冠詩(shī)人The greatest Restoration works are the worldly, witty comedies (Comedy of manners風(fēng)俗喜劇).Neoclassical Period1660-1798(Enlightenment)啟蒙文學(xué)時(shí)期(Neoclassicism)新古典主義時(shí)期（poetry, drama, fiction）A period of comparatively peaceful developmentIndustrial RevolutionEnlightenment（啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)）The struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism.18世紀(jì)的英國(guó)政局相對(duì)穩(wěn)定，資本主義經(jīng)濟(jì)得以持續(xù)發(fā)展，國(guó)力強(qiáng)盛，不斷發(fā)動(dòng)對(duì)外戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，在世界各地建立了許多殖民地和半殖民地。工業(yè)革命方興為艾、圈地運(yùn)動(dòng)仍在繼續(xù)。資產(chǎn)階級(jí)與勞動(dòng)人民的矛盾日益突出，各地爆發(fā)了無(wú)數(shù)次起義。愛(ài)爾蘭人民也掀起了民族解放運(yùn)動(dòng)。1672-17191672-1729Joseph AddisonRichard Steele約瑟夫艾迪生理查德斯第爾The Tatler The Spectator 閑談?wù)吲杂^者provide a new code of social morality for the rising bourgeoisie.In their hands, the English essay completely established itself as a literary genre.Using it as a form of character sketching and story-telling, they ushered in the dawn of the modern novel. 開(kāi)創(chuàng)了現(xiàn)代小說(shuō)的黎明1688-1744Alexander Pope亞歷山大蒲伯An Essay on CriticismThe Rape of the Lock The Dunciad Essay on Man論批評(píng)奪發(fā)記群愚史詩(shī) 人論 英國(guó)詩(shī)史上藝術(shù)造詣最高的詩(shī)人之一，18世紀(jì)新古典主義的代表人物，the heroic couplet英雄雙韻體1660-1731Daniel Defoe丹尼爾笛福Robinson CrusoeCaptain Singleton Moll Flanders 魯濱遜漂流記辛格頓船長(zhǎng)摩爾弗蘭德斯Founding of realist novel現(xiàn)實(shí)主義小說(shuō)的創(chuàng)始之作the father of English novels英國(guó)小說(shuō)之父1667-1745Jonathan Swift喬納森斯威夫特Gullivers TravelsA modest ProposalTale of a TubThe Battle of the Books格列佛游記一個(gè)溫和的建議木桶的故事書(shū)的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)The most powerful satirist of the age時(shí)代最強(qiáng)大的諷刺作家，Attacked the social darkness and evil抨擊了社會(huì)黑暗和罪惡1689-1761Samuel Richardson塞繆爾里查遜Pamela帕美勒his emphasis on detail, his psychological insights into women, and his dramatic technique have earned him a prominent place among English novelists. 注重細(xì)節(jié),關(guān)于女性的心理洞察,和他的戲劇技能為他贏得了在英語(yǔ)小說(shuō)家著名之處1707-1754Henry Fielding亨利菲爾丁The History of Tom Jones,a Foundling湯姆瓊斯 He was the first to give the modern novel its structure and styleComicepicinprose散文體喜劇史詩(shī)第一個(gè)創(chuàng)造現(xiàn)代小說(shuō)結(jié)構(gòu)和風(fēng)格的人Father of English novel(the third-person narration)英國(guó)小說(shuō)之父1721-1771Tobias George Smollett托拜厄斯喬治斯摩萊特Roderick Random Humphry Clinker 藍(lán)登傳亨弗利克林克小說(shuō)敘事幽默、描寫(xiě)細(xì)膩，對(duì)19 世紀(jì)的著名小說(shuō)家狄更斯的影響很大。1713-1768Laurence Sterne勞倫斯斯特恩The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy,Gentleman Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy 商第傳感傷旅行precursor to modernstream-of-consciousness novels商第傳目的是為了教育人更好的真愛(ài)世界和同胞。商第傳和感傷旅行都以描寫(xiě)人物心理感受見(jiàn)長(zhǎng)。是18世紀(jì)中后期英國(guó)感傷主義小說(shuō)的重要代表作品。1709-1784Samuel Johnson賽繆爾約翰遜A Dictionary of the English LanguageTo the Right Honorable The Earl of ChesterfieldLives of the Poets英語(yǔ)大詞典致切斯特菲爾德勛爵的信詩(shī)人傳18世紀(jì)英國(guó)人文主義文學(xué)批評(píng)的巨擘，散文家，詞典編纂家，英語(yǔ)史上第一部標(biāo)準(zhǔn)辭書(shū)1730-1774Oliver Goldsmith奧利佛哥爾德斯密斯The Citizen of the World The Deserted Village The Vicar of Wakefield 世界公民荒村威克菲爾德牧師傳世界公民在中西文化關(guān)系史上占有重要地位。1716-1771Thomas GrayGraveyard Poet墓園派扥馬斯格雷Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard墓園挽歌Graveyard Poet墓園派詩(shī)人，dislike of age chaos state and desire to natural simple peaceful對(duì)時(shí)代紛亂狀態(tài)的厭惡和對(duì)“自然簡(jiǎn)樸安詳”的向往1751-1816Richard Brinsley Sheridan查理布林斯萊謝里丹The Rivals The School for Scandal 情敵造謠學(xué)校He is considered to be the only important English dramatist of the 18th century他被認(rèn)為是唯一重要的18世紀(jì)英國(guó)劇作家（最有成就的喜劇家），Morality is the constant theme道德是不變的主題Romantic Period1798-1832(Romanticism)浪漫主義文學(xué)英國(guó)乃至世界的浪漫主義運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)生在18世紀(jì)19世紀(jì)之交并非偶然。它是與當(dāng)時(shí)世界性的革命運(yùn)動(dòng)思潮息息相關(guān)的，美洲的民族獨(dú)立解放運(yùn)動(dòng)（美麗堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)的成立）、法國(guó)大革命的迅猛發(fā)展、以及歐洲各國(guó)特別是英國(guó)的工業(yè)革命都對(duì)浪漫主義運(yùn)動(dòng)的興起產(chǎn)生了巨大的推動(dòng)力。特別是法國(guó)大革命，它對(duì)浪漫主義運(yùn)動(dòng)首先發(fā)生在歐洲負(fù)有直接責(zé)任，對(duì)英國(guó)浪漫主義運(yùn)動(dòng)的蓬勃開(kāi)展更是產(chǎn)生了重大影響。追根溯源，浪漫主義作家在思想上深受德國(guó)唯心主義古典哲學(xué)的影響，開(kāi)始重視人的自由、自在和自為性，并開(kāi)始重新去認(rèn)識(shí)自我、審視自我，從而進(jìn)一步追求自我價(jià)值的實(shí)現(xiàn)。追求強(qiáng)烈情感的自然流露，張揚(yáng)個(gè)性解放，以銳不可擋之勢(shì)沖垮了理性統(tǒng)制長(zhǎng)達(dá)100多年的文學(xué)大堤。1757-1827William Blake威廉布萊克Songs of InnocenceSongs of ExperienceMarriage of Heaven and Hell天真之歌經(jīng)驗(yàn)之歌天堂與地獄聯(lián)姻Blake is called a Pre-Romantic or forerunner of the Romantic poetry of the 19th century布雷克被稱為前浪漫主義或19世紀(jì)浪漫主義詩(shī)歌的先驅(qū)，The distinctive feature of his poetry is the symbolism in wide range.他的詩(shī)歌的獨(dú)特的特點(diǎn)是有廣泛的象征意義，Print artist and poet, strange imagination, extremely rich individual character and unique system of mythology版畫(huà)家兼詩(shī)人，想象奇特，極富個(gè)性，獨(dú)特的神話體系1759-1796Robert Burns羅伯特彭斯Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect My Hearts in the Highlands A Red，Red Rose Auld Lang Syne 蘇格蘭方言詩(shī)集我的心在高原一朵紅紅的玫瑰昔日時(shí)光Robert Burns is one of the greatest song writers in the world. He is the national poet of Scotland羅伯特伯恩斯是世界上最偉大的歌曲作家之一，Scottish peasant poet, with democratic progress thought, poetry pure natural extremely rich agrestic breath蘇格蘭著名農(nóng)民詩(shī)人，具有民主進(jìn)步思想，詩(shī)作純樸自然極富鄉(xiāng)土氣息peoples poem人民的詩(shī)人1770-1850William WordsworthLake poet湖畔派威廉華茲華斯Lyrical BalladsTintern AbbeyI wandered lonely as a cloudOde: Intimations of ImmortalityThe Solitary ReaperLucy PoemsPreludemy heart leads up when I beholdI wandered lonely as A cloud抒情歌謠集丁登寺旁詠水仙不朽頌孤獨(dú)的割麥女露西組詩(shī)序曲我心蕩漾Lyrical Ballads的問(wèn)世標(biāo)志著英國(guó)浪漫主義文學(xué)的真正崛起。Lake poet “湖畔派”詩(shī)人，Poet laureate（桂冠詩(shī)人），Coleridge & Robert Southey ，The three poets came to be known as Lake Poets. 柯勒律治和騷塞，這三個(gè)詩(shī)人被稱為湖畔詩(shī)人，celebrated the glories of nature and the human spirit著名的自然和人類精神的光輝1772-1834Samuel Taylor ColeridgeLake poet湖畔派塞繆爾泰勒科勒律治The Rime of The Ancient MarinerKubla KhanChristalbelBiographia Literaria古舟子詠忽必烈汗克麗斯塔貝爾文學(xué)傳記One of the three poets Lake PoetWork has a tendency to natural mysticism“湖畔派”三詩(shī)人之一作品有自然的神秘主義傾向1788-1824George Gordon Byron喬治戈登拜倫Childe Harolds PilgrimageDon Juan（masterpiece）恰爾德哈羅德游記唐璜 personality cult個(gè)人崇拜，Byronic Hero拜倫式英雄（富有挑戰(zhàn)性的、憂郁的年輕人，沉思于神秘）1792-1822Percy Bysshe Shelley波西比希雪萊（溺水身亡）Queen MabOde to the West WindTo a SkylarkPrometheus UnboundA Defence of Poetry麥布女王西風(fēng)頌（freedom） 云雀頌解放了的普羅米修斯詩(shī)辯Influenced by Platos philosophy, look forward to the ideal of beauty and philosophy深受柏拉圖哲學(xué)影響，憧憬美麗的理想和理念，one of the greatest English lyrical poets and dramatists of English Romanticism抒情詩(shī)人和浪漫主義戲劇家1795-1821John Keats約翰濟(jì)慈（與雪萊是好朋友，死于肺結(jié)核）Ode to a NightingaleOde to a Grecian UrnOde to Autumn夜鶯頌希臘古甕頌秋頌Life pursuit of beauty, to create art beauty genius poet一生追求美，是創(chuàng)造藝術(shù)美的天才詩(shī)人，one of the principal poets of the English Romantic movement英國(guó)浪漫主義運(yùn)動(dòng)的主要的詩(shī)人之一1775-1817Jane Austen簡(jiǎn)奧斯汀Sense and SensibilityPride and PrejudiceMansfield ParkEmmaNorthanger AbbeyPersuasion理智與情感傲慢與偏見(jiàn)曼斯菲爾德莊園愛(ài)瑪諾桑覺(jué)寺勸導(dǎo)one of the greatest women writers of the 19th century19世紀(jì)最偉大的女性作家之一，By women writers unique sharp and delicate depiction of the English countryside middle class life and thought, delicate wit humor以女性作家特有的敏銳和細(xì)膩刻畫(huà)英國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的生活和思想,精巧機(jī)智幽默，one of the realistic novelists是現(xiàn)實(shí)的小說(shuō)家之一1771-1832Walter Scott沃爾特司各特IvanhoeWaverley（first historical novel）Rob Roy（the best of the group）艾凡赫威弗利羅布羅伊creator and great master of the historical novel浪漫主義歷史小說(shuō), “西歐歷史小說(shuō)之父”，Scotts historical novels paved the way for the development of the realistic novels of the 19th century and marks the transition from romanticism to realism in English literature of the 19th century. 司各特的歷史小說(shuō)的發(fā)展鋪平了道路的現(xiàn)實(shí)小說(shuō)19世紀(jì)標(biāo)志著從浪漫主義轉(zhuǎn)向現(xiàn)實(shí)主義在19世紀(jì)的英國(guó)文學(xué)?，F(xiàn)實(shí)主義文學(xué)時(shí)期Victorian Period1837-1901(Critical Realism)維多利亞時(shí)期小說(shuō)的黃金時(shí)代TheOrigins ofSpecies物種起源1859Das Kapital資本論1867維多利亞時(shí)代是英國(guó)發(fā)展史上迅猛上升的時(shí)期。大英帝國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力空前強(qiáng)大，勢(shì)力范圍迅速擴(kuò)張。從殖民地掠奪的財(cái)富源源不斷的流入英國(guó)，這似乎是現(xiàn)實(shí)世界理所當(dāng)然的一部分，也許是許多維多利亞文學(xué)作品的背景。但經(jīng)濟(jì)上的繁榮并不能阻止階級(jí)矛盾的產(chǎn)生。就在新興資產(chǎn)階級(jí)奇跡般地暴富起來(lái)時(shí)，勞動(dòng)者卻不得不在殘酷的壓迫下過(guò)著窮困的生活。這一時(shí)期反抗壓迫、爭(zhēng)取民主選舉權(quán)的運(yùn)動(dòng)蓬勃發(fā)展。1812-1870 Charles Dickens查爾斯狄更斯Oliver TwistThe Old Curiosity ShopDombey and Son David CopperfieldBleak HouseHard TimesA Tale of Two CitiesGreat Expectations霧都孤兒老古玩店董貝父子 大衛(wèi)科波菲爾荒涼山莊艱難時(shí)世雙城記遠(yuǎn)大前程greatest Victorian critical novelists,great humorist19世紀(jì)英國(guó)最偉大的小說(shuō)家，其作品的深度和廣度超過(guò)了同時(shí)代的任何作家, 是維多利亞時(shí)代英國(guó)社會(huì)生活的畫(huà)卷。1811-1863William Makepeace Thackery威廉梅克皮斯薩克雷Vanity FairThe book of Snobs名利場(chǎng)勢(shì)利者集critical realism批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義satirist,moralist諷刺作家 道德主義家，書(shū)名取自天路歷程The Pilgrims Progress1816-1855Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂勃朗特Jane EyreShirley VilletteThe Professor簡(jiǎn)愛(ài)雪莉維萊特教師簡(jiǎn)愛(ài)是一部成長(zhǎng)小說(shuō)，展示了女主人公從一名孤兒成長(zhǎng)為獨(dú)立女性的過(guò)程。小說(shuō)表達(dá)的作者的思想：女性應(yīng)該通過(guò)自己的努力，追求經(jīng)濟(jì)上、婚姻上、人格上 和社會(huì)地位上的平等。First governess novel女教師小說(shuō)1818-1848Emily Bronte艾米麗勃朗特Wuthering Heights呼嘯山莊想象奇特，野性與文明、浪漫與現(xiàn)實(shí)反差強(qiáng)烈，具有神秘恐怖色彩。1820-1849Anne Bronte安妮勃朗特Agnes Grey阿格尼斯格雷1809-1892Alfred Tennyson阿爾弗雷德丁尼生In MemeriamBreak Break BreakIdylls of the King悼念拍吧,拍吧,拍吧國(guó)王之歌Poet Laureate 桂冠詩(shī)人劍橋摯友溺水而死, 悼念中表達(dá)了真切的傷感和悲痛, 同時(shí)反映了對(duì)生活本質(zhì)和人類命運(yùn)的思索和憂慮1812-1889Robert Browning羅伯特布朗寧My Last DuchessMeeting at NightParting at Morning我逝去的公爵夫人黑夜相會(huì)晨別the most original poet, who improve and mature the dramatic monologue 發(fā)展和完善戲劇獨(dú)白1822-1888Matthew Arnold馬修阿諾德Dover Beach多佛海灘反映了19世紀(jì)西方社會(huì)中的宗教信仰在新知識(shí)的沖擊下普遍淪喪的時(shí)代風(fēng)貌。對(duì)人類苦難的悲憫，對(duì)信仰危機(jī)時(shí)代的擔(dān)憂和無(wú)奈。1819-1880George Eliot喬治艾略特The Mill on the FlossSilas MarnerMiddlemarch弗羅斯河上的磨房織工馬南米德?tīng)栺R契19世紀(jì)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義小說(shuō)的真正代表leading in the direction of naturalistic and psychological novel自然主義和心理小說(shuō)的先驅(qū)1840-1928Thomas Hardy扥馬斯哈代Far from the Madding Crowd The Return of the Native The Mayor of CasterbridgeTess of The DUnvervilleJude the Obscure遠(yuǎn)離塵囂還鄉(xiāng)卡斯特橋市長(zhǎng)德伯家的苔絲無(wú)名的裘德Naturalism,自然主義傾向。Wessex小說(shuō)。以“幻滅”為主題, 英格蘭南部農(nóng)村青年男女走投無(wú)路、陷于絕望的悲劇故事。poetic descriptions and fatalism (宿命論) 1857-1924Joseph Conrad約瑟夫康拉德Heart of DarknessLord Jim黑暗之心吉姆老爺對(duì)西方特別是比利時(shí)帝國(guó)主義的擴(kuò)張、對(duì)民族剝削和壓迫的不滿。發(fā)英國(guó)現(xiàn)代主義文學(xué)的先聲。184-1900Oscar Wilde奧斯卡王爾德The Picture of Dorian GraySalomeLady Windermeres Fan A Woman of No Importance An Ideal Husband The Importance of Being Earnest 道林格雷的畫(huà)像莎樂(lè)美溫德米爾夫人的扇子一個(gè)無(wú)足輕重的女人一個(gè)理想的丈夫認(rèn)真的重要性Aestheticism 唯美主義Art for arts sake為藝術(shù)而藝術(shù)反對(duì)社會(huì)普遍的功利主義和工業(yè)社會(huì)的丑陋和庸俗。1856-1950George Bernard Shaw蕭伯納PygmalionWidowers HouseMrs. Warrens ProfessionArms and the ManMan and SupermanMajor BarbaraSaint JoanThe Apple Cart皮格馬利翁鰥夫的房產(chǎn)華倫夫人的職業(yè)武器與人人與超人巴巴拉少校圣女貞德 蘋(píng)果車(chē)倡導(dǎo)一種有思想的“問(wèn)題劇”, 語(yǔ)言銳利、簡(jiǎn)潔、風(fēng)趣Pygmalion改編為Broadway Musical My Fair Lady1867-1933John Galsworthy約翰高爾斯華綏The Forsyte SagaThe Man of Property福賽特世家有產(chǎn)業(yè)的人揭示了資產(chǎn)階級(jí)的家庭、社會(huì)關(guān)系。Modern Period1914