初中英語之句型轉(zhuǎn)換.doc

模塊十六：句型轉(zhuǎn)換一、題型分析句型轉(zhuǎn)換是目前英語中考的一個常見題型，主要考查學生對不同句子結(jié)構(gòu)（語法）的語言運用能力。句子結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯同樣是英語學習的基礎(chǔ)。英語和漢語屬兩種不同的語言。句子結(jié)構(gòu)自然有很大的不同。不同句子的結(jié)構(gòu)掌握的越多，英語語言運用的能力就越強。如果你不能用不同的句子結(jié)構(gòu)表達同一意思，你才能有運用自如的感覺。所以要學好英語。必須熟練掌握各類英語句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和句型。同時，更多地掌握英語的句法還能提高閱讀，寫話，以至于聽力等能力。英語中考考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)題型是“按要求改寫句子”。學生只要掌握英語句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和單詞拼寫，該大題得滿分并不難的。二、解題技巧 1、掌握英語的基本句子形式，如陳述句，各種形式的否定句，一般疑問句，特殊疑問句，反意疑問句，感嘆句。主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)等。請看下面的例句和分析。1. He has lunch at school. (改為否定句)He lunch at school.本句動詞have 不表示“有”而是表示動作，應(yīng)用doesnt have,不能用has not.2. The T-shirt cost five dollars.(改為一般疑問句)the T-shirt five dollars?該句的cost 是過去式，不需要加s。本句應(yīng)用Did, cost.英語有幾個動詞過去式和現(xiàn)在式同一形式，set,cut,put,let,fit,read,spread等，要看清楚再做。3.The photo near the door is the best.(就劃線部分提問)is the best?本句用Which photo,因為near the door 用作定語修飾名詞 photo,別認為near the door 是地點而用錯 where。4.We have studied in this school for four years,(改為特殊疑問句)have you studied in this school?本句雖沒有劃線部分，但根據(jù)句子其他部分意思，可以看出是對for four years 進行提問，肯定用How long.5. Lets go to the exhibition this afternoon.（改為反義疑問句）Lets go to the exhibition this afternoon， ？6.He could hardly see the words on the blackboard. （改為反義疑問句）He could hardly see the words on the blackboard, ?祈使句的反義疑問句，僅Lets句型用shall we，其他都用will you. 而一般疑問句改反義疑問句應(yīng)注意，若句子的主要部分用肯定，附加部分用否定，反之則相反。第六句應(yīng)用could he.2、要熟悉“保持句意”的改寫，如簡單句和復(fù)合句的轉(zhuǎn)換，兩句并一句，形容詞，副詞比較等句型，不用句型的轉(zhuǎn)換，詞語的不同搭配。請看下面的例句和分析：1. It was eleven oclock when he finished his homework last night.He finish his homework it was eleven oclock.本句是改為not until 句型，用didnt, until.2. He is the tallest in his class.No one in his class is as as he.本句是最高級句型改為原等級句型，用else, tall.3. He didnt make as many mistakes in his homework as you.He mistakes in his homework you.本句是 as(so)as 句型改為用帶than的句型，用made fewerthan. Mistakes 是可數(shù)名詞，別誤用修飾不可數(shù)名詞的less。4. These stamps belong to my elder brother.These stamps are elder .原句中的belong to 改為are ，動詞轉(zhuǎn)換，用法不同，應(yīng)用brothers.5. The box is so heavy that I cant carry it.The box isnt for me to carry.本句是復(fù)合句改為簡單句，且否定結(jié)構(gòu)的位置有變化，需要用heavy的反義詞，故用light enough,誤用成tooto結(jié)構(gòu)。6. The question is very difficult. No one can answer it.The question is difficult answer.本句為兩句合并成一句，原句有否定意義，應(yīng)用toofor anyone to,別誤用成so that anybody can. 如answer后it,才可用sothat結(jié)構(gòu)，因tooto結(jié)構(gòu)句子是簡單句，而so.that是復(fù)合句。英語中考改寫句子題目中，一般每句填寫兩個詞，很少有上面一些例句中填寫一個或三個詞的題目。三、考點解析：1. 肯定句變否定句和否定句：常考的考點：have 、do句型2. 反義疑問句：常考的考點：帶有否定副詞的句子。3. 主動句變被動語態(tài)?？嫉目键c：一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、以及含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)4. 同義句轉(zhuǎn)換?？嫉目键c：這里對于學生是難點，主要考考綱的近義短語、常考的初中句型，本次的講解重點。5. 對劃線部分提問?？嫉目键c：how long/soon/ far, how much/ many的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系。6. 肯定句改成改為感嘆句?？嫉目键c：近年來考的比較少了，how/what 的修飾用法。7. 兩句子合并為一句，復(fù)句變?yōu)楹唵尉涑？嫉目键c：結(jié)構(gòu)狀語從句，賓語從句的使用。注意改寫句子的細節(jié)問題。四、初中英語同義詞初中同義詞1. glad=happy=pleased (高興的) difficult=hard=not easy （困難的） 2. of course=sure=certainly （當然）give a talk=make a speech（作一次演講） 3. given name =first/middle name（名字）How about=What about （什么怎樣） 4. hold=have （舉行、進行） fast=quick （快的） 5. still=all the same（仍然） come on=be quick=hurry up（趕快） 6. drop=throw（扔） drop=land（使落下）drop=give up（放棄） 7. rather= quite （相當）right now=now（現(xiàn)在） 8. right now=just now（剛剛）right away=at once （立刻、馬上） 9. except=but（除。之外） 10. prefer A to B =like A more /better than B （相對B來說，更喜歡A） 11. Hands up=put up ones hands=lift ones hands （舉手） 12. return=go back（回去） return=come back=get back（回來） return=give back（歸還） 13. past=through（過、通過） 14. help sb with sth=help sb(to) do sth （幫助某人做某事） 15. while=when（當。） 16. several=a few=some （數(shù)個、若干）anywhere=in any place（任何地方） 17. everywhere=here and there（到處）arrive(inat)=reach=get（to）（到達） 18. no hurry=take your time（不急、慢慢來）order=turn（順序） 19. over=more than（超過、多于） shop=store（商店） 20. rush=run very quickly（沖、奔跑）shop=workshop（車間） 21. center=middle（中心）join=be in=Take part in（參加） 22. take a look= have a look（看一看）as soon as possible=as soon as sb can（盡快） 23. hate=dislike（不喜歡、討厭） 24. learn sth by oneself=teach oneself sth（自學。） 25. fail=not pass（不及格、失?。?26. give sb a call=give sb a ring=call sb=ring sb up =telephone sb（打電話給某人） 27. look after=take care of（照顧） 28. fly to=go to by air=go toby plane（乘飛機去。） 29. in a minute=in a moment=very soon（一會兒、馬上） 30. almost=nearly（幾乎） 31. just then=just at that time（正在那時） 32. no one=none（沒有一人） 33. hear from=receive a letter fromget a letter from=have a letter from。（收到。的來信） 34. also（用于句中）=too（肯定句末）=either（否定句末） 35. plant=grow（種植） 36. expensive=dear=not cheap（昂貴的） 37. so far=up to now（直到現(xiàn)在） 38. billion=a thousand million（十億） 39. century=a hundred years（世紀、百年） 40. a bit of+unc.=a little+unc. A bit+adj=a little+adj 41. call=name（命名、名叫） 42. maybe=perhaps（也許、可能）用于句首 43. never mind=It doesnt matter=Its not important（不要緊、沒關(guān)系） 44. retell= tell again（復(fù)述、重講） 45. common=usual（普通的、平常的）match=game 46. famous=well known著名的hear of=know=learn about聽說 47. fine=sunny晴朗的no+n.=not any+n. 48. have classes=have lessons 49. have a good time=have a very nice time=enjoy oneself玩得開心 50. do ones best=try ones best盡某人的努力 start=begin 51. do well in=be good at在。做得好not forget=remember 52. catch a bus=take a bus趕公共汽車hope=wish 53. last night=yesterday evening table=form表格 54. do sport=take exercise運動photo=picture 55. tonight =this evening look around=look round四處看看 56. at last=in the end=finally最后、最終 57. have to =mustlarge=big 58. nobody=no one沒有人somebody=someone有人、某人 59. anybody=anyone任何人 everyone=everybody每個人 60. I think=Im afraid 恐怕。 61. No.1=number one 62. thats all right=thats ok=You are welcome=not at all不必謝 63. walk to.=go toon foot步行到。 64. ride to.=go toby bike騎自行車到。 65. America=the USA 66.be from=come from 67. be over=end 結(jié)束 68. a lot=lots of=many(c.)=much(unc.)許多 69. whats wrong=whats the trouble=whats the matter?怎么了 70. just a moment=just a minute=wait a minute等一會 71. take a look at=have a look at=look at看一看 72. take a rest=have a rest休息一下 73. the other day=a few days ago幾天前 74. ever=at any time 75.stop sb(from)doing sth.=prevent/keep sb from doing sth. 阻止某人干謀事 76. on both sides=on each side=on either side在每一旁 77. in three days time=in three days在三天內(nèi) 78. short for=a short way of saying。簡稱為。 79. beside=next to=near to在。旁邊 80. can=be able to能夠 81. what do you mean by this words=what does the world mean=Whats the meaning of this words?這個單詞是什么意思？ How do you like?=What do you think of?你認為/覺得。怎么樣五、近年來中考句型轉(zhuǎn)換歸類：A. 改成反義疑問句1. They could hardly believe the news.(96)They could hardly believe the news, ？2. Mary bought some shampoo in the supermarket.(97)Mary bought some shampoo in the supermarket. ?3. Tom didnt take part in the after-school activity yesterday,.(06)Tom didnt take part in the after-school activity yesterday, ?B. 改成一般疑問句1. I enjoy individual sports.(95)_you _ individual sports?2. We do eye exercise every day. (97)_ you eye exercise every day?3. Every Monday morning Mr. Johnson has a meeting.(99)_ Mr. Johnson _ a meeting every Monday morning?4. He set the alarm clock for seven. (01)_he the alarm clock for seven?5. Alan often does housework after school.(07)_ Alan often housework after school?C. 改成否定句：1. The captain worked at the South Pole last year.(95)The captain _ _ at the South Pole last year.2. Alice attends the lecture once a week.(96)Alice _ _the lecture once a week.3. Peter collected some old coins two years ago.(98)Peter _ collect _ old coins two years ago.4. Youd better go to see him off at the railway station.(00)Youd better _ _ to see him off at the railway station.5. The old man realized that too much salt was harmful to health. (05)The old man _ _ that too much salt was harmful to health.6. Sam wants to look for a job in London after he graduates from university. (06)Sam _ _ to look for a job in London after he graduates from university.7. Tell Harry the news when you see him, please.(08)_ _ Harry the news when you see him, please.D. 改為感嘆句。1. Your dormitory is very bright.(02)_ _ your dormitory is!2. Nanjing Road Walkway looks very beautiful at night!(03)_ _ Nanjing Road Walkway looks at night!3. It is very convenient to travel by underground!(07)_ _ it is to travel by underground!4. Yao Ming is an excellent Chinese basketball player.(08)_ _ excellent Chinese basketball player Yao Ming is!E. 對劃線部分提問。1. I was born in 1980.(95)_ _ you born?2.The teacher had a meeting yesterday.(96)_ _ the teachers have a meeting?3.The postage is three yuan and six jiao.(97)_ _is the postage?4.We had learned six pop songs by the end of last week.(98)_ _ pop songs had you learned by the end of last week?5. He went to the hospital to have a check on eyesight.(99)_ _ he go to the hospital?6. We have a class meeting once a week.(00)_ _ do you have a class meeting?7. At the age of five, Martin weighed 25 kilos.(02)_ _ did Martin weigh at the age of five?8. He lost the key to his bike on his way to the lecture.(03)_ did he _ on his way to the lecture?9. The American spacecraft Galileo travelled and worked in space for 14 years.（04）_ _did the American spacecraft Galileo travel and work in space?10. London held the first World Expo in 1851. (05)_ did London _ the first Word Expo?11. The students projects will be on show in three days. (06)_ _ will the students projects be on show ?12. Mr. and Mrs. Brown have already been to China twice.（07） _ _ times have Mr. and Mrs. Brown been to China?13. Mr Smith has taught in our school for three years.(08)_ _ has Mr Smith taught in our school?F. 改為被動語態(tài)。1. They took the wounded soldier to the field hospital.(95)The wounded soldier _ _ to the field hospital.2. We can store a lot of information in the computer.(96)A lot of information _ _ stored in the computer.3. Where did they grow vegetables?（00）Where _ vegetables _?4. We must keep the noise under 50 dbs(分貝)here. ( 02)The noise must _ _ under 50 dbs here,5. We publish our school newspaper twice a month. (05)Our school newspaper _ _ twice a month.6. The terrible earthquake destroyed thousands of houses in that area. （08）Thousands of houses in that area _ _ by the terrible earthquake.G. 改為簡單句：1. I dont know when we shall leave for Nanjing.(00)I dont know when _ _ for Nanjing.2. The water was so dirty that we couldnt drink it. (01)The water was_ dirty for us _drink.3. The poor child was so lucky that she received many books from Project Hope. (05)The poor child was _ _ to receive many books from Project Hope.4. Can you tell me when I should water the flowers ? (06)Can you tell me _ _ water the flowers?H. 改為復(fù)合句：1. The words on the notice board are very small.I cant see them clearly.(97)The words on the notice board are_ small _ I cant see them clearly.I. 合并為一句。1. Tim doesnt collect coins. Jack doesnt collect coins, either.(95)Neither Tim _ Jack _ coins.2. She is tall and thin. She has long hair. (01)She is _ tall and thin girl _long hair.3. Betty likes taking a bus to work. She likes taking an underground to work better.(05)Betty _ taking an underground _ taking a bus to work.4. Will Bob join the swimming club? Please tell me.（07）Please tell me _ Bob _ join the swimming.J. 保持原句意思。1. The boy was too frightened to say a word.(95)The boy was _ frightened _ he couldnt say a word.2. Mrs. Smith prefers milk to coffee.(96)Mrs. Smith likes milk _ _ coffee.3. The motorcycle is Mr. Clarks.(96)The motorcycle _ _ Mr. Clark.4. How is the weather today?(97)_ the weather _today?5. Our foreign teacher will go back home tomorrow. Well say goodbye to him at the airport.(98)Our foreign teacher will go back home tomorrow. Well _ him _at the airport.6. In some states of America, children must stay in school until they are sixteen.(98)In some states of America, children _ _ school until they are sixteen.7. Aunt Li asked me to take care of her little son while she was out.(99)I was asked to _ _ Aunt Lis little son while she was out.8. Mrs. White told Tom that he mustnt throw paper on the ground.(99)Mrs. White told Tom _ _throw paper on the ground.9. Mary works very hard at shool. Her teacher often praises her.(99)Mary is often praised _ her hard _.10. The dictionary cost me 20 yuan.(00)I _ 20 yuan _ the dictionary.11. Nobody else in his class can speak English as fluently as he. (01)He _ English _ fluently in his class.12. Put on your coat, or youll catch a cold. (01)_you _put on your coat, youll catch a cold.13. The recitation was kind of boring and I liked the cross talk better. (02)The recitation was _ _ boring and I preferred the cross talk.14. Sams grandfather died 10 years ago. (02)Sams grandfather has been _ _ 10 years.15. It took the workers and engineers about two years to build the tunnel.(03)The workers and engineers _ about two years _ the tunnel.16. The boy asked his mother, “does water freeze at 0C?”(03)The boy asked his mother _ water _ at 0C.17. Jacks mother asked him, Have you packed your things?(04)Jacks mother asked him _ he _ packed his things.18. After a quick breakfast, Mary left in a hurry. (04)After a quick breakfast, Mary _.19. Laura spent one week finishing reading the book Harry Potter.(06)It _ Laura one week _ finish reading the book Harry Potter.20. Mr. li is our teacher and friend as well.(07) Mr. li is _ only our teacher _ also our friend.21. Junior 3 students began to learn chemistry a year ago. （08）Junior 3 students _ learned chemistry _ a year.【基礎(chǔ)題】1.Its good for your health to do exercise often . _ exercise often can make you _ . 2.This picture looks the same as that one . _ _ _ _ the two pictures . 3.Tom is taller than any other student in his class . Tom is _ _ in his class . 4.Ill go to bed after I finish my homework . I _ go to bed _ I finish my homework . 5.Cross the bridge , you will find the building . _ _ the bridge , youll find the building . 6.My father went to Beijing last year . He is still there now . My father _ _ _ Beijing _ last year . 7.Its a long time since we wet last . We _ _ each other for a long time since we wet last . 8. He wrote the book in 2000. The book _ _ by _ in 2000. 9.Lucy was born on March 5 , 1989 , so was Lily . Lucy is _ _ _ Lily . 10.We can hardly decide what we shall do next . _ _ for us to decide what _ _ next . 11.He doesnt like singing . He doesnt like dancing , either . He likes _ singing _ dancing . 12.The light in the room was so weak that the doctor wasnt able to operate . The doctor _ do the _ _ such bad light inside the room . 13.It was very hot last night . I could hardly sleep . It was _ hot last night _ I could hardly sleep . 14.Bill Gates knows much about computers . Bill Gates _ a lot of _ of computers . 15.One day the librarian had an idea . One day the librarian _ _ _ an idea . 16.We are so happy that we cant say a word . We are _ happy _ say _ . 17.Have you ever been abroad