初高中英語賓語從句詳解,練習題及詳細答案.doc

賓語從句一、關于賓語1. 賓語是動作的承受者，一般放在及物動詞后面。如：Our team beat all the others.我們的球隊打敗了所有其他球隊。2.有時為了強調(diào)，賓語也可以放在句首，如：Two weeks you shall have .你可以有兩周的時間。3.名詞作賓語 Face the facts!4.代詞作賓語 They wont hurt us.5. 數(shù)詞作賓語 If you add 5 to 5, you get 10二、賓語從句的用法 賓語是句子的一個重要成分，它可以由名詞、代詞、名詞短語或句子充當。當一個句子充當賓語時，這個句子就叫做賓語從句。三、賓語從句結構1、主句+ that（無詞義，可省略）+從句（陳述句語序）2、主句+ whether / if （是否）+從句（陳述句語序）3、主句+疑問詞+從句（陳述句語序） 四、賓語從句的引導詞引導賓語從句的引導詞按所引導的句子結構特點可以分為三類。1、that 引導的賓語從句原句如果是陳述句，變賓語從句時要用 that 引導，that 無實義，只起到引導的作用。在口語和非正式文體中?？墒÷?。如:(1)I think (that) I can sell newspapers. 我想我可以賣報紙。(2) I know (that) he is a Canadian athlete. 我知道他是一名加拿大運動員。(3) Do you think (that) the children need to write. 你認為孩子們需要寫一首歌嗎？(4)Maria says (that) she doesnt like the uniforms. 瑪麗亞說她不喜歡校服。2、whether/if引導的賓語從句原句若是一般疑問句，變賓語從句時用whether /if 引導，whether /if意為“是否”。如： (1)I want to know whether / if people will leave as soon as they finish eating in western countries. 我想知道西方國家的人是否是一吃完飯就離開。(2)Could you tell me if /whether its polite to speak loudly at the table ? 你能不能告訴我吃飯時大聲講話是否有禮貌？(3) I dont know if/whether you are right. 我不知道你是否正確。注意：whether/if 引導的賓語從句用法區(qū)別用whether /if “是否”引導的賓語從句，通常情況下whether /if 可以互換。但以下情況 whether 不能 用if 換：（1）Whether后面緊跟有or not時。如：I dont know whether or not it rains. 我不知道是否會下雨。I wonder whether we stay or whether wego我不知道我們是去還是留。（2）在介詞之后用whether。如：Im interested in whether he likes English我關心的是他是否喜歡英語。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings我擔心是否傷了她的感情。（3）在不定式前用whether。如：He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man他尚未決定是否拜訪那位老人。I dont know whether to go我不知去否。He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train他還未決定是乘公共汽車去還是坐火車去。（4）whether 引導主語從句位于句首首時。如：Whether they will go by air or by train hasnt decided. 他們是乘飛機去還是乘火車去還沒有定下來。（5）有些動詞 (如：discuss) 后面只能跟whether，不能跟if。 如：We discussed whether we should let him join our team.我們商量是否讓他加入我們隊。（6）whether 可以與虛詞it連用，并可引導不定式，但if 不能這樣用。 如：Its not clear whether he will be able to come。他是否會來還不清楚（7）引導主語從句和表語從句時宜用whether。如：Whether she will come or not is still a question她是否能來還是個問題。The question is whether we can catch the bus問題是我們能否趕上公共汽車。（8）若用if會引起歧義時，則用whether。如：Please let me know if you like the book可理解為：aPlease let me know whether you like the book請告訴我你是否喜歡這本書。bIf you like the book，please let me know你如果喜歡這本書，請告訴我。3、疑問詞引導的賓語從句原句如果是特殊疑問句，變賓語從句時要用特殊疑問詞引導。疑問詞包括疑問代詞（what, which, who, whose) 和疑問副詞（when, how, where, why)。 如：Do you know who that man is over there ? 你知道那邊那個人是誰嗎？You may ask what North American people wear on special days.你也許會問北美洲的人在特殊的日子里穿什么衣服。I ask Tom which Chinese dish is his favorite.我問湯姆他最喜歡的是那一道中國菜。I dont know who will come to the English corner.我不知道誰會來英語角。Can you tell me how you deal with the problem ? 你能告訴我你怎樣解決這個問題嗎？Can you tell me where they are ?你能告訴我他們在哪里嗎 ?I ask him why his hot dogs are so popular. 我問他為什么他的熱狗這么受歡迎。五、賓語從句的語序賓語從句的語序一定要使用陳述句語序。根據(jù)連接詞在從句中所擔任的不同成分，可分為以下四種：（1）連接詞謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語。常見的連接詞有： who，what，which等。如：Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告訴我誰知道答案嗎？The small children dont know what is in their stockings這些小孩子不知道襪子里有什么東西？（2）連接詞名詞謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語的定語。常見的連接詞有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他問我們班上誰的書法最好。The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room老師問我們房間里有多少人。（3）連接詞主語謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語、狀語或表語。常見的連接詞有：who（m），what，which，how many，how much， when，why，how，where，if whether（在句中不充當任何成分）等。如：He hasnt decided if hell go on a trip to Wuxi他還沒決定是否去無錫旅行。Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告訴我我如何處理這筆錢嗎？（4）連接詞名詞主語謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語或表語的定語。常見的連接詞有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如：Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪個班嗎？She asked me if I knew whose pen it was她問我是否知道這是誰的鋼筆。六、 賓語從句主句與從句時態(tài)一致的問題（1）如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句可根據(jù)需要選用相應的任何時態(tài)。如： I dont know when he will come back我不知道他將何時回來。He tells me that his sister came back yesterday他告訴我他姐姐昨天回來了。（2）如果主句是過去時，賓語從句只可根據(jù)需要選用過去時態(tài)即一般過去時、過去進行時、過去將來時或過去完成時的某一種形式。如：The children didnt know who he was孩子們不知道他是誰。He asked his father how it happened他問他父親這件事是如何發(fā)生的。（3）如果賓語從句所表示的是客觀事實、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象或習慣性動作等，不管主句用什么時態(tài)，從句時態(tài)都用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun老師說地球繞著太陽轉。七. 賓語從句口訣賓語從句三注意，時態(tài)、語序、引導詞。主句若是過去時，主從時態(tài)要一致。賓從表達是真理，一般現(xiàn)在就可以。引導詞也不難，陳述可用that連。一般問句表“是否”，if或whether來引導。特殊問句作賓從，疑問詞引導就能行。還有一點要說明，陳述語序要記清。高中賓語從句練習題及答案詳解1.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day _Ill never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory _well visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book _the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen _he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country? A. who B. whos C. which D. whose 14.Im interested in _you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isnt such a man _he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, _we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I dont like _ as you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels 20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who 22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women. A. them B. which C. whom D. who 23.Youre the only person _Ive ever met _could do it. A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who 24.I lost a book, _I cant remember now. A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that 25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what 26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it 27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together. A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when 28.The way _he looks at problems is wrong. A. which B. whose C. what D./ 29.This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which 30.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly. A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after 31.The reason _he didnt come was _he was ill. A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what 32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam. A.that B.which C.for which D.who 33.That is not the way _I do it. A./ B.which C. for which D. with which 34.I have two grammars, _are of great use. A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which 35.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago. A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which 36.My neighbors used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them. A. who B. which C. that D. it 37.This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph. A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 38.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done. A. that B. which C. who D. as 39. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes. A. / B. why C. when D. whose 40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular. A. that B. which C. it D. though 41. - Did you ask the guard _ happened? - Yes, he told me all _ he knew. A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 42. I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life. A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which 43. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing. A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 44. During the days _, he worked as a servant at the Browns. A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed 45. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it 46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he could see _ was going on inside house. A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that 47. Is _ some German friends visited last week? A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where 48. John got beaten in the game, _ had been expected. A. as B. that C. what D. who 49. I have bought two ballpens, _ writes well. A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which 50. All that can be eaten _ eaten up. A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been 1. A. which用作關系代詞，在定語從句中作主語。 2C. 和誰講話”要說speak to sb. 本題全句應為Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是關系代詞，作介詞to的賓語，可以省略。 3. D. where是關系副詞，表示地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。 4. C. when是關系副詞，表示時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。 5A. which是關系代詞，在從句中作forget的賓語。其他幾個答案都不能作賓語。 6C. 解析同第5題。 7. A. 解析見第3題。 8. A. 本句話的先行詞應該是films,因此，關系代詞that是負數(shù)概念，其謂語動詞應用復述的被動語態(tài)have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠詞the，則the one應該視為先行詞。 9. A. “談到某事物”應說talk about sth.。about是介詞，其后要用which作賓語，不能用that。 10. A. with which是介詞+關系代詞結構,常用來引導定語從句.with有用的意思,介詞之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定語從句中作狀語,即he is writing with a pen. 11. C. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在從句中作狀語. 12. D. with whom引導定語從句.with whom放在從句中即為:my father works with the engineer. 13. D. whose引導定語從句,在從句中作主語family的定語. 14. A. that引導定語從句,因為先行詞是all,所以只能選用that引導. 15. D. the same.as是固定用法, as引導定語從句時,可以作主語,賓語或表語.在本句話中,as作從句的主語. 16. D. such as是固定用法,as引導定語從句時,可以作主語,賓語或表語.在本題中,as作表語. 17. B. as作關系代詞可以單獨用來引導非限制性定語從句。這時as所指代的不是主句中某個名詞，而往往指代整個主句的含義。as在從句中可以作主語、賓語。從句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作賓語. 18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定語從句.with whom放在從句中為:I went to the concert with Li Ming. 19. C. as引導定語從句時通常構成suchas或the sameas固定搭配，其中such和same修飾其后的名詞，as為關系代詞，指代其前的名詞引導定語從句。 as在從句中可以作主語、表語或賓語。Such修飾單數(shù)名詞時,要用such a.,本題中such books, such直接修飾復數(shù)名詞. 20. B. things和persons是先行詞.當定語從句要修飾的先行詞是既表示人,又表示物的名詞時,其關系代詞要用that. 21. D. who引導非限制性定語從句,who作從句的主語. 22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers. 23. D. 先行詞person后有兩個定語從句,第一個從句省略了關系代詞whom.因為, whom作從句中met的賓語,可以省略.第二個從句who could do it.who在從句中作主語,不可省略. 24. A. whose title引導非限制性定語從句,whose title也可以說成the title of which 25. A. for which 引導定語從句,使用介詞for,是來自于從句中的固定短語 be famous for 以.而聞名. 26. C. 當先行詞被such修飾時,引導定語從句的關系代詞要用as. As在本從句中作主語. 27. A. 兩個先行詞the day都是表示時間的名詞,但第一個空白處要填的關系詞在從句中作狀語,因此要用關系副詞when. 第二個空白處要填的關系詞在從句中作動詞spent的賓語,因此要用關系代詞which或that來引導定語從句. 28. D. 在way、distance、direction等詞后的定語從句中，常用that來代替“in (或其他介詞)+which”、when或where，而that?？墒÷?。 29. D. for which在定語從句中作原因狀語,可用why 來替代. 30. B. wh