2020版高考英語總復習高考提能練（二十二）（含解析）外研版必修4.docx

高考提能練(二十二) Module 4Great Scientists.閱讀理解A 2019貴陽監(jiān)測 Nov. 21 is World Hello Day. It began back in the 1970s as part of an effort to make the world more peaceful. It was created just after the war between Israel and Egypt in 1973. The philosophy (哲學) behind it is: Say “Hello” and stop war.It sounds like a fine idea, but most of us know that simply saying “Hello” wont bring about world peace. Still, on a smaller range, the simple act of saying “Hello” to someone can make a lot of difference.This might not be obvious. After all, its such a casual thing and requires so little effort. You raise your head to someone as you pass by them in the school corridor(走廊), say “Hello”， and then its over.Although we might not realize it, a small thing like a greeting can mean a lot to a person. Many people are lonely because theyre shy. They find it difficult to communicate with people, even though they want to. It leads to them feeling cut off.On this basis, maybe its a good idea, not just on Nov. 21, but every day, to remember to say “Hello” to as many people as we can. The stranger who hears your greeting may secretly smile in their heart. You might even make their day. Greeting other people is the easiest way to be polite.Politeness is the way we individual humans link up with the rest of the human world outside of our circles of family and friends.Politeness is one of the aspects of culture that make us a society rather than just many individuals living in the same space. No one said it better than the French author Joseph Joubert: “Politeness is the flower of humanity.” A “Hello” to a stranger is a small thing, and often neglected(忽視), but through it we can make the world better for another person. 體裁：說明文題材：節(jié)日文化主題：世界問候日【語篇解讀】 本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了世界問候日的由來及意義的相關信息。1What is World Hello Day intended for?APhilosophy.BPeace.CPoliteness. DWar. 答案與解析：B考查細節(jié)理解。根據第一段中的“Nov. 21 is World Hello Day. It began back in the 1970s as part of an effort to make the world more peaceful”可知，世界問候日設立的初衷是為了和平。2What has an effect on people most?ARaising heads to others. BDoing something casually. CMeeting in the school corridor. DThe simple act of saying “Hello”答案與解析：D考查細節(jié)理解。根據第二段第二句“Still, on a smaller range, the simple act of sayingHello to someone can make a lot of difference”可知，對別人影響最大的是打招呼這種簡單的行為。3Why do some people feel lonely?AThey are unwilling to communicate with others. BThey are too shy to communicate with others. CThey are very fond of living alone. DThey dont like doing things as others do.答案與解析：B考查推理判斷。根據第四段中的“Many people are lonely because theyre shy. cut off”可知，一些人感到孤獨的原因是他們太害羞了，不敢和別人交流。4What can we learn from the last paragraph?AWe should neglect a small thing. BSaying “Hello” to others is powerful. CThe flowers make the world better. DNo one is better than Joseph Joubert.答案與解析：B考查推理判斷。根據最后一段中的“AHello to a stranger is a small thing, and often neglected(忽視), but through it we can make the world better for another person”可知，向別人打招呼是有影響力的。B2019長春監(jiān)測 Can exercise during childhood protect you against memory loss many decades later? Exercise early in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain, in rats at least.“This is an animal study, but it shows that physical activity at a young age is very important not just for physical development, but for the whole lifelong track of cognitive (認知的) development during ageing，” says Martin Wojtowicz of the University of Toronto, Canada. “In humans, it may delay the appearance of Alzheimers disease (阿爾茨海默病), possibly to the point of preventing it.”Wojtowiczs team divided 80 young male rats into two equal groups, and placed running wheels in the cages of one group for a period of six weeks. Around four months later when the rats had reached middle age the team taught all the rats to connect an electric shock with being in a specific box. When placed in the box, they froze with fear.Two weeks later, the team tested the rats in three situations: exactly the same box in the same room, the same box with the room arranged differently, and a completely different box in a different room.The rats without access to a running wheel when they were young now froze the same percentage of times in each of these situations, suggesting they couldnt remember which one was dangerous. But those that had been able to run in their youth froze 40 to 50 percent less in both changed box settings.“The results suggest the amount of physical activity when were young, at least for rats, has influence on the brain and cognitive health in the form of better memories when were older，” says Arthur Kramer of Northeastern University in Boston, who has found that, in humans, exercise promotes the growth of new brain cells.體裁：說明文題材：健康主題：鍛煉使大腦受益【語篇解讀】本文介紹了一項科學研究，從而得出早期鍛煉對大腦終身有好處的結論。5The study shows that _.Aphysical activity is important for physical healthBusing the running wheels is of benefit to the rats growthCphysical activity can prevent humans Alzheimers diseaseDthe more exercise a rat has when young, the better memory it will possess when older答案與解析：D考查細節(jié)理解。根據第一段內容尤其是第二句“Exercise early in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain, in rats at least”可知，早期鍛煉似乎對大腦終身有好處，至少對老鼠來說是這樣的，故選D項。6How are Paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly developed?ABy analyzing causes.BBy giving an example.CBy describing the process.DBy showing differences.答案與解析：C考查寫作手法。根據第三段的“Wojtowiczs team divided 80 young male rats into two equal groups. Around four months later. they froze with fear”和第四段的“Two weeks later, the team tested the rats in three situations”可知，本文第三、四段描述了Wojtowicz的研究小組對老鼠進行實驗的過程。C項意為“通過描述過程”，故選C項。7What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?AExercise. BDevelopment.CBenefit. DStudy.答案與解析：A考查代詞指代。根據第二段的“but it shows that physical activity at a young age is very important”及“In humans, it may delay the appearance of Alzheimers disease (阿爾茨海默病)”，可知，身體活動很重要，對人類來說，它可能會推遲阿爾茨海默病的出現(xiàn)。因此“it”在文中指的是“physical activity”，A項與其同義，故選A項。8What is the authors attitude towards the animal study?ANegative. BObjective.CCritical. DDoubtful.答案與解析：B考查觀點態(tài)度。通讀全文可知，作者介紹了對老鼠進行實驗的過程及其結果，并引用數據進行說明，由此可知作者對動物研究的態(tài)度是很客觀的。B項意為“客觀的”，故選B項。.完形填空2019惠州市高三調研When 69yearold Dobrgyal started looking after the wild macaques (獼猴) at a scenic spot in Chinas Tibet Autonomous Region, their population _1_ only 40 50. Today, 18 years later, that same place is _2_ to over 2,800 Tibetan macaques.Dobrgyals relationship with the Tibetan macaques has been described as a _3_ love story between man and monkeys. A former _4_ keeper, Dobrgyal has been driving 5 km almost every day just to feed the macaques, show them _5_ and make sure they are healthy. _6_， he has even taken some of the sick animals home and _7_ them back to health.C reports that Dobrgyal has been the only one working as a _8_ in the Gongbogyamda area for the last 18 years, and _9_ him as the main reason that the macaque population is rising.Tibetan macaques are a(n) _10_ species in China, and their food is provided by the Gongbogyamda forestry bureau (局), but its Dobrgyal who loads the bags into his truck and _11_ it to the monkeys personally. Thanks to his _12_， the macaques have become very _13_ with tourists, many of whom also help to _14_ the animals.Having dedicated almost two decades of his life to the macaques, Dobrgyal now _15_ himself about what will happen to them if his physical _16_ no longer allows him to take care of them properly.“Now Im so old, nearly 70 years old，” Dobrgyal said recently. “In the _17_ of my life I will do my best to take care of the monkeys, but if someday my health _18_ me feeding them anymore, I will have my sons replace me.”_19_， the furry creatures will be able to rely on their _20_ human father for many years to come.體裁：記敘文題材：人生經歷主題：Dobrgyal與獼猴【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，主要敘述了在Dobrgyal的努力下，野生獼猴的數量增加，同時他們之間也建立了一份真摯的感情。1A.numbered BreducedCconfirmed Dturned答案與解析：A根據下文“Today, 18 years later, that same place is _2_ to over 2,800 Tibetan macaques”的提示可知，此處表示它們的數量總共(numbered)只有40到50只。2A.seen BfunChome Dknown答案與解析：C根據上文“l(fā)ooking after the wild macaques (獼猴) at a scenic spot in Chinas Tibet Autonomous Region”的描述可知，18年后的今天，這里是2 800多只西藏獼猴的家(home)。3A.mouthwatering BheartbreakingCbreathtaking Dheartwarming答案與解析：D根據下文“Dobrgyal has been driving 5 km almost every day just to feed the macaques, show them _5_ and make sure they are healthy”的描述可知，此處為Dobrgyal和西藏獼猴之間的關系被描述為人類和猴子之間的一個暖人的(heartwarming)愛的故事。mouthwatering“令人垂涎的”；heartbreaking“使人心碎的”；breathtaking“驚人的”。4A.forest BhouseCgarden Dsoccer答案與解析：A根據上文中的“l(fā)ooking after the wild macaques (獼猴) at a scenic spot”可推知，此處應為Dobrgyal以前是一個森林(forest)看守人。5A.honor BrespectCaffection Dmercy答案與解析：C根據上文“Dobrgyals relationship with the Tibetan macaques has been described as a _3_ love story between man and monkeys”的描述可知，此處為向它們表達喜愛(affection)，并確保它們是健康的。6A.In return BOn occasionCIn vain DOn purpose答案與解析：B根據上文“Dobrgyal has been driving 5 km almost every day just to feed the macaques, show them _5_ and make sure they are healthy”的描述可知，此處前后形成語意上的銜接，所以此處為偶爾(On occasion)，他也帶一些生病的猴子回家照顧。7A.expected BsentCforced Dnursed答案與解析：D根據上文“he has even taken some of the sick animals home”的描述可知，此處為照顧(nursed)它們直到它們恢復健康。8A.feeder BleaderCfriend Dfarmer答案與解析：A根據上文“Dobrgyal has been. just to feed the macaques”的描述可知，此處表示作為唯一的飼養(yǎng)員(feeder)。9A.guesses BcreditsCassumes Dquestions答案與解析：B根據上文“C reports that Dobrgyal has been the only one working as a _8_ in the Gongbogyamda area for the last 18 years”的描述可知，此處前后形成并列關系，表示“并認為(credits)獼猴數量上升是Dobrgyal的功勞”。10A.aggressive BprotectedCdangerous Dcontrolled答案與解析：B根據常識和空后的“and their food is provided by the Gongbogyamda forestry bureau (局)”可知，西藏獼猴在中國是受保護的(protected)動物。11A.donates BdeclaresCreturns Ddelivers答案與解析：D根據空前的“l(fā)oads the bags into his truck and”可知，此處為親自把食物送給(delivers)猴子。12A.wisdom BbraveryCefforts Dintentions答案與解析：C根據上文的內容及語境可知，由于Dobrgyal所做出的努力(efforts)，西藏獼猴在游客中很受歡迎(popular)。13A.popular BconfidentCshy Dcautious答案與解析：A參見上題解析。confident“自信的”；cautious“謹慎的”。14A.raise BfeedCbuy Dobserve答案與解析：B根據上文“the macaques have become very _13_ with tourists”可知，此處前后形成因果關系，表示許多游客也幫忙去喂食(feed)它們。15A.concerns BadvisesCpredicts Dcomments答案與解析：A根據下文“what will happen to them if his physical _16_ no longer allows him to take care of them properly”可知，讓Dobrgyal擔心(concerns)的是如果他的身體狀況(condition)不再允許他充分地照顧獼猴了怎么辦。16A.age BbodyCattitude Dcondition答案與解析：D參見上題解析。17A.process BmiddleCrest Dnext答案與解析：C根據上文“Now Im so old, nearly 70 years old”的描述可知，此處表示“在我的余生中(in the rest of my life)”。18A.keeps BpermitsCallows Dprevents答案與解析：D根據上文“In the _17_ of my life I will do my best to take care of the monkeys”可知，此處前后形成轉折，也即“但如果有一天我的健康狀況阻止(prevents)我再喂養(yǎng)它們，我會讓我的兒子們接替我”。19A.Unfortunately BHopefullyCGenerally DActually答案與解析：B根據空后的“the furry creatures will be able to rely on their _20_ human father for many years to come”可知，此處為表達希望，故Hopefully“有望”符合語境。20A.official BtypicalCadoptive Dspiritual答案與解析：C這些毛茸茸的動物在未來的許多年里將有望能夠依靠收養(yǎng)它們的人類父親生存。adoptive“收養(yǎng)的”符合語境。.語法填空2019洛陽統(tǒng)考The Palace Museum, known as the Forbidden City, is the _1_ (large) and most well _2_ (reserve) imperial (皇帝的) residence in China today. It is divided into an outer and an inner court with a rectangular shape, 961 meters long from north to south and 753 meters in _3_ (wide) from east to west. It has a splendid history since the Ming Dynasty, and it _4_(rebuild) and repaired many times in the past. I was so excited to visit it _5_ my family last summer vacation. After we passed through the Front Gate, a lot of palaces appeared. The tour guide told us there