狀語從句公開課.ppt

Adverbial Clauses,1. 什么是狀語： 在句中用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞的成分被稱為狀語。如： He works very hard. He is real handsome. 2.什么是狀語從句： 用作狀語的句子被稱為狀語從句。,really,1.Adverbial Clauses of Time: （時間狀語從句）,3.Different Kinds of Adverbial Clauses:,2.Adverbial Clauses of Reason (原因狀語從句）,3.Adverbial Clauses of Conditions (條件狀語從句）,4.Adverbial Clauses of Place (地點狀語從句）,5.Adverbial Clauses of Purpose (目的狀語從句）,6.Adverbial Clauses of Result （結果狀語從句）,7.Adverbial Clauses of Comparison（比較狀語從句）,8.Adverbial Clauses of Concession (讓步狀語從句）,9.Adverb Clauses of Manner (方式狀語從句 ),4. 位置 ： 主前從后親密沒夠， 從前主后得有小逗， 從在主中需倆逗逗。 I was reading a book when he came in. When he came in, I was reading a book. I was, when he came in, reading a book.,時間狀語從句,when while as,before after till/until since,as soon as,普 通 連 詞,特 殊 連 詞,the moment the minute the second the instant,every/each time next time any time by the time the first time,immediately directly instantly,When 的用法 When 即可以引導一個持續(xù)性動作，又可引到一個短暫行動作?？捎靡员硎局鲝木鋭幼魍瑫r發(fā)生或從句動作先于主句。 (從句動詞可延續(xù)也可非延續(xù)) I was thin when I was a child. The film had been on when we arrived.,2. be about to do when be doing when be on ones way when be on the point of doing when had just done when 以上句式中的“when”譯為“這時或那時”不可以用其它連詞替換。 The telephone was ringing when I got home. I was about to go to bed when he came back.,We were just _ calling him up _ he came in. about ; when B. on the point of ; while C. on the point of ; when D. on the point of ; as,I was walking down the street while I heard someone calling for help.,when,3. When 還以引導條件狀語從句相當于if How can I explain it to you when / if you wont listen. When you read it again, the meaning will become clearer to you.,While 的用法 1. 必須引導持續(xù)性動作，強調在一段時間內(nèi)，主句和從句動作同時發(fā)生。 My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework. Please dont talk so loud while others are working.,2. “然而” 表示對比。 I like watching TV while he likes reading.,3. 引導讓步狀語從句 “ 雖然、盡管” While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings. 盡管我承認他的優(yōu)點，但我還是看到了他的缺點。 4. 引導條件狀語從句 “只要” While we are here, dont worry.,As 的引導時間狀語從句的用法 “隨著” “一邊一邊” “當” 強調動作同時發(fā)生，無先后,.,1. As I get older, I get more optimistic. 隨著年齡的增長，我變得更加樂觀。 2. He hurried home, looking behind as he went. 他匆匆忙忙回家，邊走邊往后看。 3. As he was going out, it began to rain. 當他出去時開始下雨了。,“as”可以引導的其它狀語從句： Young as he is ,he knows a lot. （ 讓步） As he wasnt ready in time, we went without him. （原因） Do as I told you. / do as you like. （ 方式 ） He is as old as I /me. （ 比較 ）,連接詞when, while, as的用法區(qū)別： 1while引導的時間狀語從句的謂語動詞必須是可延續(xù)的， 而when引導的時間狀語從句的謂語動詞是可延續(xù)的，也 可以是非延續(xù)的動詞。如： When/While he was eating his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring. When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 2從句動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前時，只能用when引導這個 從句，不可用as或while。 如： When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 3表示“隨著,一邊一邊”，連詞用as. 如： As the election approached, the violence got worse. 4如果主句謂動是非延續(xù)性的，而從句謂動是延續(xù)性動詞并使用進行時態(tài)時，when, while與as 可互換使用。 如：When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.,問題1: 1. (04北京春) We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started. A. when B. while C. until D. before 2. (02上海) He was about to tell me the secret _ someone patted him on the shoulder. A. as B. until C. while D. when 3. (05上海) He transplanted the little tree to the garden _ it was the best time for it. A. where B. when C. that D. until 4. (05福建) Did Jack come back early last night? Yes. It was not yet eight oclock _ he arrived home. A. Before B. when C. that D. until （注：句型：It is/was + 點時間+when從句）,A,D,B,B,問題2: 6. (06天津) The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, _ the quality of life is probably one of the highest. A. since B. when C. as D. while 7. (04年江蘇) _ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless 8. (06遼寧) He was about halfway through his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears. A. why B. where C. when D. while,D,A,C,Before 的多種翻譯方式： 在之前 2.在It +be+短時間+before句型中 主句是肯定句式時：“ （多久之后）才 ” 主句是否定句式時： “（過不了多久）就” 3. “還沒來得及，就” 4. “趁”,Before they got to the bus stop, the bus had gone. 在之前 It will be 5 years before he returns to his motherland. 多久之后才 We waited a long time before he came out. 多久之后才 4. It wont be long before we meet again. 過不了多久就 5. He died before he wrote a will. 還沒來得及 6. Catch him before he escapes. 趁著 7. Please write it down before you forget it. 趁著,1. (03年北京) He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse. A. until B. when C. before D. as 2. (04福建) Scientists say it may be five or six years _ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. A. since B. after C. before D. when 3. (06四川)Why didnt you tell him about the meeting? He rushed out of the room_I could say a word. A. before B. until C. when D. after,C,C,A,till, until和notuntil： 1.主句是肯定句時，主句的動詞必是延續(xù)性動詞，表示“主句動作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到從句動詞發(fā)生才停止”。從句引導詞是 till/until都行。如： We waited until/till he came. 2主句是否定句時，主句謂語動詞是非延續(xù)性動詞，表示“主句動作直到從句動詞發(fā)生才開始”，從句引導詞通常用until。如： He wont go to bed until she returns. 3till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如： Until you told me I had no idea of it. 4notuntil句型中的強調和倒裝說法： Not until you told me did I have any idea of it. It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.,倒裝,1. (03北京春) Was his father very strict with him when he was at school? Yes. He had never praised him _ he became one of the top students in his grade. A. after B. unless C. until D. when 2. (03上海) A good storyteller must be able to hold listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story. A. when B. unless C. after D. until 3. It was not _ she took off her dark glasses _ I realized she was a famous film star. A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then,C,D,B,Since 的用法,since + 時間 since then ever since It is/has been + 時間段 since did 譯為 “既然”時引導原因狀從,主句謂動用現(xiàn)在完成時，從句謂動用一般過去時，譯為 “自從”,Mr li has been here since 1998. Mr li has been here since he came back. Its/has been two years since we arrived here. It is three years since he lived here. 他不在這兒住三年了。 It is two years since he smoked . 他不吸煙已有兩年了。 It is two years since he began to smoke. 他吸煙有兩年了。,B,D,1. （05北京春) It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time. A. before B. since C. after D. because 2. That was really a splendid evening. Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much. when B. that C. before D. since 3. -What about a cigarette? -_. Its 3weeks since I smoked. A. Yes, please B. No, thanks,B,as soon as,the moment the minute the second the instant,immediately directly instantly no sooner than hardly/scarcelywhen,可以譯為 “一就”的連詞,1. As soon as he arrives, I will tell him. 2. The moment I saw him, I recognized him. 3. I left immediately the clock struck 5. 4. I had hardly got home when it began to rain. =Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. 5. I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. =No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.,時態(tài)、搭配、倒裝,問題3: 1. (01北京春)Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? Yes. I gave it to her _ I saw her. A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once 2. (1998上海) I thought her nice and honest _ I met her. A. first time B. for the first time C. the first time D. by the first time 3. _ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report. A. He hardly had B. Had he hardly C. Hardly had he D. Hardly he had,B,C,C,一些含有time的名詞短語可以引導時間狀語 1. Next time you come, please bring your composition 2. The first time I climbed onto the wall, I felt nervous. 3. You are welcome to come back any time you want to . 4. The truck will have arrived by the time you have all the things packed up. 5. By the time he arrived, the train had already gone.,時態(tài),地點狀語從句有where, wherever引導。 1. We must camp where we can get water. 2. I will follow you wherever you go. 3. Where there is a river, there is a city. 4. I will go where he went. 5. I will stay with you wherever he goes.,2. 地點狀語從句,(2009年高考山東卷)The little girl who got lost decided to remain where she was and wait for her mother.那個迷路的小女孩決定待在原地等她母親。,地點狀語從句常見的連詞有： 1. where 在地方，2. wherever 無論在地方，,(1) Make a mark -you have problems. (2) I will find him - he may be.,where,wherever,3地點狀語從句在句首時常兼有抽象條件意味。 Where theres a will，theres a way. 有志者事竟成。 Where(ver)theres plenty of sun and rain，the fields are green.哪里陽光雨水充足，哪里的田野就綠油油。 地點狀語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別。 Go back where you came from. Go back to the place where you came .,【例26】 _ he is，he will be thinking of his girlfriend. A.What B.Where C.Whether D.Wherever 【例27】 She found her calculator _ she lost it. A.that B.where C.in which D.when 【例28】 This is the factory _ her mother worked last year A.that B.where C.in which D.wherever,引導原因狀語從句的連詞,considering /seeing (that) “鑒于，考慮到“， 也可引導原因狀語從句,Because 表示原因是語氣最強，經(jīng)常表示聽者未知的原因.即可以回答why的提問，又可以放在強調句型中成為被強調的部分。 I cant go, because Im ill. He failed because he was too careful. It is because you are lazy that you have lost the job.,because 1)The ship changed its course because there was a storm.,The ship changed its course because of the storm.,2)Because he was ill,he didnt go to school.,He was ill ,so he didnt go to school.,Being ill, he didnt go to school.,I didnt help him not because I was unwilling, but because I was unable to do it. (不是因為而是因為) 2. You should not laugh at him because he is poor 3.The country is not strong because it is big. （不因就）,Since 引導的語氣次于because，表示稍加分析后推斷出的原因，或指的是人們達成一致的事實?！?既然，鑒于”常放于句首。 Since no one is against it, lets carry out the plan. As 語氣最弱，其原因只是對結果的附帶說明。一般放句首。 As he wasnt ready in time, we went without him.,For 屬于并列連詞，但不能直接說明原因，而是對某種情況加以推斷用于表示補充說明的理由。常放于句末。 He must be ill, for he is absent today. The spring is coming, for the birds are singing. Now that 用了說明一種新的情況，然后加以推論，位于句首，that 可省略?！?既然，鑒于” Now (that) everybody is here, lets begin.,Seeing (that) ; considering (that ) Seeing / considering (that ) he is so young, that is excusable (可原諒的） 鑒于他如此年輕，這是可以原諒的。,1.This was _ she was absent from school. 2.That was _ she was ill yesterday. 3. The reason _ she couldnt finish her homework is not_she forgot to do her homework, but _ she was busy nursing a sick classmate. 4.How can he get good grades when he wont study?,why,because,why,that,that,when “既然” 表示原因,引導目的狀語的連詞有so; so that; in order that; in case; for fear that;lest目的狀語從句中的謂語動詞通常使用情態(tài)動詞can, could, may, might, should, would We sit nearer the front so (that) we can hear better. Come early in order that / so that you can see him. He put his money in the safe for fear that it should be stolen. (他把錢放在保險箱里生怕/以防被盜) He runs fast in order to / so as to arrive there early.,.,Take an umbrella in case it rains.（以防） It may not rain, but youd better take an umbrella in case.（以防萬一） Take an umbrella in case of rain.(介詞 ） In case 后的從句使用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來，或使用一般過去時表示過去將來，也可用情態(tài)動詞， 或者從句中使用should, should也可以省略。 Take an umbrella in case it rains. He left early in case he (should) miss the last train. 他動身很早以防誤了最后一班火車。,結果狀語從句連詞：so that ; such that; so that 1. She was so happy that she cried . 2. She worked very hard, so that she became rich in a very short time.(她努力工作很快就致富了。) 3. He made such an excellent speech that everyone admired him. So 為副詞，修飾形容詞，副詞， Such 為形容詞，修飾名詞。,So + adj. So + adj. + a/an + 單n. So + many/few+ 復數(shù)n.+ that So +much/little（多少）+ 不可數(shù)n. +that Such +a/an +adj. + 單n.+ that Such +adj. +復數(shù)n.+ that Such +adj. + 不可數(shù)n. + that,He was so honest that we all trust him. He was such an honest man that we all trust him. There was so much work that we couldnt finish it. There were so many people that we couldnt get in. It was such nice weather that we want to go out. So that; such that 句型中，so ,such 位于句首， 主句須部分倒裝 So terrible was the storm that some houses were destroyed. Such is the power of the TV that it makes a person famous in one night.,結果狀語的表達方式 1. He is clever and honest, _all of us like him.(make) 2. I hurried to the airport, only _that my friend had gone already. (tell) 3. tooto （太而不能） enough to（達到某種程度可以） soas to (那么以至于） He got up so late that he missed the bus. He didnt get up early enough to catch the bus. He got up too late to catch the bus. He got up so late as to miss the bus.,making,to be told,. if，unless，so/as long as，once，in case (that),2. on condition that (條件是) suppose/supposing (that) (假設,如果) provided/providing (that)(如果) as far asso far as when,引導條件狀語從句的連詞：,if not,只要,一旦,萬一,I. if 1) If you work harder, you will succeed.,Work harder, and you will succeed.,Work harder,or you wont succeed.,Working harder,you will succeed.,時態(tài):主將從現(xiàn),有時表示條件的if之后可能用will，但那不是將來時態(tài),而是表示意愿或委婉的請求(will為情態(tài)動詞)： If you will wait a moment, Ill fetch the money.,請等一下，我就去拿錢,2) If I had money, I would buy the car. If he had worked harder, he would have passed the exam.,3) I wake up only if the alarm clock rings Only if I get a job ,will I have enough money to go school.,4) If only I were as clever as you! If only I knew her name.,_,_,_,_,_,(虛擬),.(只有),(要是就好了),5) if 構成省略的慣用表達法: if any if ever if so if not if necessary if possible,Corrrect errors ,if any . He seldom ,if ever, goes to the movies by himself .,如果有錯誤就請訂正.,他不會單獨去看電影,如果有也很少.,(如果有的話),(如果曾經(jīng)有的話),(如果是這樣的話),(如果不是這樣的話),II.unless 1)We cant write to Mary unless she tells us her address.,We cant write to Mary if she doesnt tell us her address.,*III.as /so long as(只要 ) 1)I will never give up learning as long as I live. 2)You may borrow the book as long as you keep it clean.,*IV.on condition that（條件是） Well let you use the room on condition that you keep it tidy.,*V.in case(萬一） Youd better take your raincoat with you in case it rains. In case I forget, please remind me about it.,(2007福建)You will be successful in the interview _ you have confidence. A. before B. once C. until D. though 解析：題干意思是：一旦你有自信，你的面試將會成功。用once，意思是：一旦，引導條件狀語從句。,答案：B,(浙江)The medicine works more effectively _ you drink some hot water after taking it. Aas Buntil Calthough Dif 解析：句意：這種藥如果你熱水送服，會更加有效。if引導條件狀語從句。 答案：D,(北京宣武區(qū))_you disagree with her，her idea is still worth considering. AIf only BEven if CInstead of DDespite of 解析：考查前后句的關系。句意為：“盡管”你不贊同她，可她的觀點還是值得考慮的。 答案：B,問題1： 1、_ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger. （04北京春季） A. As long as B. As far as C. Just as D. Even if 2、I always take something to read when I go to the doctors _ I have to wait. （05全國卷3） Ain case Bso that Cin order Das if,B,A,as long as 與 as far as 都可引導條件狀語從句，as long as 表示“只要”，as far as 表示“就而論（而言）”。題1根據(jù)題意應該選用B。in case 表示“以防”，根據(jù)題2的句意，不難作出選擇。,7、方式狀語從句：,The teacher told the students to do as he did. Leave it as it is. Do in Rome as the Romans do. Most plants need sunlight just as they need water.,觀察引導方式狀語從句的連詞：,別動它(讓它保持原來的樣子),as if/as though“似乎,好像” 引導的從句多用虛擬語氣，但也可用陳述語氣。 He treats me as if I were his own son. He talked as if he had been to USA He heard a noise as if someone was breathing. I feel as if I have a fever.,總結：引導方式狀語從句的連詞： as 按照 ,像 just as 正如,正像 as if =as though,1 We must live _Leifeng lived. A like B as C as if D even if 2 Do remember that you must do everything _ you are told to. A what B which C as D if,2015浙江卷9 _a single word can change the meaning of a sentence , a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph. A Just as B Even though C Unless D Untill,常用引導詞： although/though/ even if /even though while（在句首）as（必須倒裝）,whatever/whenever/wherever/wh-ever no matter what /when/where whether or （不管是還是) whether or not /whetheror not(不論是否) in spite of /despite/regardless of,1.Although/though it was hot, he kept on working. Although/though I believe it, (yet) I must consider.,注：though 也可用作adv.譯：可是，然而（句末） He said he would help me; he didnt, though.,注:不能用but，但主句中可以用yet, still,他說他會幫我，但是他并沒有幫我。,2.even if /though 即使，縱使（含退一步設想）,I ll go even if (though) it rains tomorrow. We wont be discouraged enen if (though) we fail ten times.,Poor as /though he is, he is generous。 Child as/though he is , he knows a lot. Much as/though I love it, I will not buy it. Try as/though I might ,I failed .,3. adj./n / adv./ v + as + 主語 +謂語 +其它,4.wh-ever: 讓步狀語從句 名詞性從句,no matter wh- :讓步狀語從句,判斷:wh-ever 是否引導名詞性從句,（主語從句，賓語從句 表語從句，同位語從句）,Whoever leaves the classroom last should turn off the lights You can take whatever you like . Whoever you are , you must obey the rules.,No matter who you are ,you must obey the rules.,_,whoever引導主語從句,Whatever引導賓從,wh-ever在名詞性從句中，主句中一定有一個成分要在從句中擔任，且從句與主句之間沒有逗號。,Wherever you go , I will follow you. Whatever you say , he wont believe. However much it may cost, I will buy it.,You have to go on, whatever difficulties you come across,No matter how much it may cost, I will buy it.,no matter what difficulties,(13遼寧）One can always manage to do more things, no matter _full ones schedule is in life. (14上海）They promised to develop a software package by the end of this year, _they might have . A however difficult B how difficult C whatever difficulty D what difficulty,how,5 Whether we go to your place or stay here, weve still got to find something to eat. Whether you believe it or not ,it is true.,(2008山東菏澤月考)As long as I can remember，_ I called，his wife would answer the phone. Ahowever Bwhenever Cwhatever Dwhichever 解析：這四個詞都可以引導讓步狀語從句。句意：在我的記憶中，不管我什么時候打電話，他妻子都會接。 答案：B,(皖北聯(lián)考)Much _ he states he has a good taste of his own，he cant avoid being influenced by advertisement. Athat Bwhich Cas D/ 解析：as引導讓步狀語從句，“盡管他不斷聲稱自我感覺良好，但他不可避免地受廣告影響”。,答案：C,(2008重慶)All people，_ they are old or you