初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法—形容詞、副詞.ppt

形容詞、副詞,初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法,稻田一中 李培軍,形容詞是修飾名詞或代詞，說(shuō)明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征的詞。 例如：long, empty, cheap, hungry, etc.,什么叫形容詞?,形容詞在句中作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等成分,形容詞,形容詞的用法,1.He is a good student. 2. She is a beautiful girl. 3. I have a clever pet dog.,形容詞作定語(yǔ),1)單個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞或代詞時(shí)順序： 直接放名詞或代詞前面,2)多個(gè)形容詞做定語(yǔ)時(shí)的排列順序： 口訣: 冠代數(shù)形大,新色國(guó)材名 注釋?zhuān)?冠-冠詞；代-代詞；數(shù)-數(shù)詞；形-形狀、性質(zhì)；大-大小、長(zhǎng)短；新-新舊;色-顏色；國(guó)-國(guó)家、產(chǎn)地；材-材料、用途；名-名詞 an old big brown wooden box 一個(gè)舊而大的棕色木箱子 two tall young Japanese girls 兩位高個(gè)、年輕的日本姑娘,例題 1) Tony is going camping with _ boys. A. little two other B. two little other C. two other little D. little other two 2) One day they crossed the _bridge behind the palace. A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old,答案點(diǎn)撥：C 由“限定詞-數(shù)詞-描繪詞-(大小，長(zhǎng)短，形狀，新舊，顏色) -性質(zhì)-名詞“的公式可知數(shù)詞，描繪詞，性質(zhì)依次順序，只有C符合答案。,答案點(diǎn)撥:A. 幾個(gè)形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞，他們的排列順序是：年齡，形狀，大小+顏色+來(lái)源+質(zhì)地+用途+國(guó)家+名詞。,當(dāng)形容詞修飾由something/somebody, anything/anybody, nothing/nobody, everything/everybody等不定代詞時(shí),形容詞要放在這些不定代詞的之后.,1.Is there anything interesting in todays newspaper ? 2. I have something important to tell you.,3.)修飾不定代詞時(shí)常后置 “不+形”,1. Sam is hungry, hed like to eat _delicious. A. some B. any C. something D. somewhere 2. Dont worry. There is _ about your illness. A.serious something B. anything serious C. nothing serious D. some thing 3.There is _ in todays newspaper. Its boring. A. something new B. interesting new C. nothing new D. new nothing 4.-Who can help us? -_. well do it ourselves A. Everyone else B. Else everyone C. Nobody else D. Else nobody 要點(diǎn)：不定代詞修飾形容詞， 位置為“不形”,C,C,C,C,The trees turn green in spring. We are alone on the island.,只能作表語(yǔ)，不能作定語(yǔ)的形容詞。你能說(shuō)出幾個(gè)？,alone afraid awake asleep alive able,形容詞作表語(yǔ),所謂表語(yǔ)形容詞即指只用于連系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ)，而不能用于名詞前作定語(yǔ)的形容詞。這類(lèi)形容詞常見(jiàn)的有： 某些以a-開(kāi)頭的形容詞： afraid 害怕的 alive 活著的 alone 單獨(dú)的asleep 睡著的 awake 醒著的 Dont be afraid. 別怕。 Now the baby is asleep. 現(xiàn)在孩子睡著了。 He was alone in the house. 他獨(dú)自一人在家里。,1. She was _ (luck) to lose her money when she went shopping last weekend. 04西寧 2. This kind of skirt looks _ and sells_ . 04天津 A. nice; well B. nice; good C. well; well D. good; nice,unlucky,A,3.What do you think of the story written by Mark Twain? It is _. I like it. 04昆明 A. boring B. bored C. interested D. interesting,D,4. Your answer sounds _ . A. correct B. correctly C. correctness D. correcting 5. They watched a movie and felt quite _ . A. sad B. sadly C. sadness D. sady,A,A,某些動(dòng)詞如make，paint，keep，find，like，want等后接名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)，再接形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)、特征等。形容詞和賓語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)有的已構(gòu)成固定詞組。,形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),1. He made us happy. 2.You must keep the classroom clean 你應(yīng)保持教室清潔。,形容詞的構(gòu)成,形容詞的構(gòu)成,forgetforgetful helphelpful wonderwonderful useuseful carecareful beautybeautiful thankthankful colour -colourful,1、+ful,2、ed,exciteexcited worryworried surprisesurprised closeclosed interestinterested frightenfrightened,3、+ing,interestinteresting exciteexciting surprisesurprising followfollowing,sunsunny snowsnowy windwindy rain-rainy cloudcloudy healthhealthy,4、+y 所有表示天氣狀況的的形容詞,wool-woolen wood-wooden,5、+ en,6、+ern (東西南北),east-eastern west-western south-southern north-northern,friendly, daily, weekly, silly lively, lonely, lovely,7.由“名詞+ly”構(gòu)成,8.復(fù)合形容詞,an eight-year-old boy,一個(gè)八歲的男孩,一段10分鐘的步行路程,a ten-minute walk,a ten minutes walk,放七天假,have a seven-day holiday,have a seven days holiday,have seven days off,形容詞的比較級(jí) 和最高級(jí)構(gòu)成和用法,形容詞的比較等級(jí)構(gòu)成， 有三個(gè)等級(jí)： 原級(jí)； 比較級(jí)； 最高級(jí)。,形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)構(gòu)成,規(guī)則變化,taller harder larger wider,tallest hardest largest widest,bigger hotter fatter wetter,biggest hottest fattest wettest,happier drier earlier,happiest driest earliest,narrower cleverer,narrowest cleverest,more difficult more popular more slowly,most difficult most popular most slowly,少數(shù)以-er,-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞可加-er或-est,better,best,worse,worst,less,more,most,farther/further,older/elder,least,farthest/furthest,oldest/eldest,不規(guī)則變化,注意：在含有形容詞的比較級(jí)句子中，對(duì)兩個(gè)相比較的內(nèi)容為了避免重復(fù)，我們常常用that, those來(lái)代替前面的詞。例如： The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangdong. The windows of our classroom are cleaner than those of theirs.,形容詞原級(jí)的常用句型,Tom is as tall as Mike.,1、as+形容詞原形+as,There are as many students in our school as yours.,否定 not as+形容詞原形+as “和 不一樣” 或 not so+形容詞原形+as “不及不如,Tom is not as tall as Mike.,This truck is big enough to carry 5 tons.,2、so+ 形容詞原級(jí)+that叢句 such+名詞that叢句,He is so big that he cant enter the room by the door .,3、 too+原級(jí)+ to do sth.,He is too young to join the army.,4、形容詞原級(jí)+ enough to do sth.,1、兩者之間的比較，句中有明顯的標(biāo)志詞than Tom is taller than John 2、Which/Who is + 比較級(jí), A or B ? Which is easier, maths or English? 3、能修飾比較級(jí)的副詞及短語(yǔ)：much(的多)、 a lot(的多)、even(更)、still（更）、a bit/alittle(一點(diǎn)兒) This city is much more beautiful than that one Today is even hotter than yesterday.,形容詞比較級(jí)的常用句型,注意：very不能修飾比較級(jí)。More可構(gòu)成比較級(jí)，但不能修飾比較級(jí),4、 is the +比較級(jí) + of the two. Tom is the taller of the two boys. 5、數(shù)量 + 比較級(jí) than He is three years older than his brother. 6、比較級(jí)+ and + 比較級(jí)， “越來(lái)越” Now it is hotter and hotter. 現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越熱 7、The + 比較級(jí)，the + 比較級(jí) “越，就越” The more , the better. 越多越好。 The more you eat, the fatter you will become. 你吃得越多，你就越容易變胖,1.one of the+最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù),形容詞最高級(jí)的常用句型,2.最高級(jí)+of (in)(三者及以上范圍的),3.This is/ was the最高級(jí)+名詞+that定語(yǔ)從句,Lu Xun is one of the greatest writers last century.,This is the worst film that I have seen these years.,Of all the movie stars, I think Zhang Ziyi is the best.,5.、the + 序數(shù)詞 + 最高級(jí) + 名詞 + in/of The Yellow River is the second longest river in China,4、Which/Who is the + 最高級(jí),A ,B or C ? Which is the biggest , the moon, the earth or the sun ?,注意： 用the +形容詞最高級(jí)形式+in 接單數(shù)名詞 用the +形容詞最高級(jí)形式+of 接復(fù)數(shù)名詞或表示復(fù)數(shù)的代詞。 Who is the tallest in the class? Who is the tallest of the students 。,使用形容詞比較級(jí)時(shí),1、可用“比較級(jí)形式+than any other +單數(shù)名詞來(lái)表達(dá)最高級(jí)的意思 He is taller than any other student in the school 。,注意,2.形容詞比較級(jí)前一般不加the。但可用the +比較級(jí)形式+of the two來(lái)表達(dá)兩者之間的比較。 He is the better of the two. Of the two jobs，he chose the harder. Mary was the more beautiful of the two. Of the two boys Mike is the taller one.,注意區(qū)別