基于單片機(jī)的火災(zāi)自動報警系統(tǒng) 外文翻譯

AutomaticfirealarmsystembasedonMCUAbstract：Thepaperintroducedanautomaticwarehousefirea1armsystembasedonMCU.ThesystemwasmainlymadeupofATmega16,temperaturesensors,smokesensors,andEX-1autodialedalarmmodule.Inthesystem,temperaturesignalsweretransformedtoserialdata,andsmokesignalsweretransformedtovoltagesignals.AllthedatawereprocessedbyMCU.Whenthesurveillancesystemcheckedfireinwarehouse,alarmsignalwasturnon,meanwhilethemessagesweretransmittedtomanagersthroughEX-1.Applicationofthesystemwasconvenienttodealwithfirein-time,efficientlybywarehousemanager.Keywords:firealarmtransducer;smokesensorsystem;ATmega16;temperaturetransducer;smokesensorI.INTRODUCTIONAutomaticfirealarmcontrolsystemhasexperiencedaprocessfromthesimpletothecomplexandintelligencesystemincreasinglyinChina.Thecharacteristicisautomaticfiredetectionandalarmtechnologyhasagreatprogressalongwithcomputinganddetectiontechnologydevelopment.Atpresent,automaticfirealarmcontrolsystemwasusedinbulkstorageplant,shoppingmalls,high-levelofficebuildings,hotelsandotherplaces.Theywereusedinanumberofcollectionsfocusedononeareaofintelligentalarmcontrolmethodwithhigherlevelsofbus-typealarmcontrolsystem,andinsomeresidentialareasandcommercialbuildingswereinstalledbyasingleautomaticfirealarmdetectiondevice.Thesealarmdetectiondevicesfailtoreportsometimes,ormisinformation.Itsreliabilityisnothighbecauseofusingsinglesensor.Therefore,itisneededtodevelopasimplestructure,lowcost,highreliability,fastresponding,automaticfiredetectionsystem.

II.GENERALPROJECTOFTHESYSTEMThehardwareblockdiagramshowninFigure1,hardwarebytemperaturesensors,smokesensors,signalprocessingmodule,MCUmodulesandautomaticalarmmodule.Nonelectricalquantitythatisthroughthesensingelementsensors(smokesensorsandtemperaturesensors)willbeon-sitetemperature,smokeandothernon-electricalsignalintoanelectricalsignal,aswellassignalsforsignalprocessingtoconvertanalogquantitytodigitalquantity.Finally,thesampleddatawereprocessedandcomparedwiththelimitsbyMCUsystem.Thissystemcanproducelocalandremoteauto-alarmsignals.Figure1.AutomaticfirealarmsystemstructureⅢ.THEHARDWARECOMPONENTSAtmega16ThesystemusedbytheU.S.Atmel’smicrocontrollerATmega16microcontroller.ATmega16isbasedontheAVRRISCarchitecturetoenhancelow-power8-bitCMOSmicrocontroller.Becauseofitsadvancedinstructionsetandasingleclockcycleinstructionexecutiontime,ATmega16datathroughputofupto1MIPS/MHz.Therebymitigatethesysteminthepowerandthecontradictionbetweentheprocessingrate.ATmega16hasthefollowingcharacteristics:16Kbytesin-systemprogrammableFlash(withtheabilitytoreadandwriteatthesametime,thatis,RWW),512bytesEEPROM,1KbytesSRAM,32general-purposeI/Oportlines,32general-purposeworkingregisters,fortheJTAGboundaryscaninterface,supporttheon-chipdebuggingandprogramming,3hasamoreflexiblemodeoftimer/counter(T/C),chipinternal/externalinterrupts,programmableserialUSART,thereareinitialconditionsdetectoruniversalserialinterface,8-channel10-bitwithoptionaldifferentialinputstageprogrammablegain(TQFPpackage)oftheADC,withon-chiposcillatorofprogrammablewatchdogtimer,anSPIserialport,aswellassixcanbeselectedbysoftwarepower-savingmode.ThechipisbasedonAtmelhigh-densitynonvolatilememorytechnologyproductionon-chipISPFlashallowstheprogrammemorythroughtheISPserialinterfaceorageneral-purposeprogrammerforprogramming;youcanalsorunontheAVRcoreamongthebootstraptoprogram.BootprogramcanuseanyinterfacetodownloadtheapplicationtotheFlashmemoryarea(ApplicationFlashMemory).ApplicationofFlashstorageareaisupdatedwhenthebootFlasharea(BootFlashMemory)programcontinuestorun,RWWoperationachieved.ATmega16tobecomeapowerfulmicrocontrollerby8-bitRISCCPUandthesystemprogrammableflashinasinglechip,formanyembeddedcontrolapplicationsprovidesaflexibleandcost-effectivesolution.ATmega16hasasetofprogrammingandsystemdevelopmenttools,including:Clanguagecompiler,macroassembler,programdebugger/softwareemulator,emulatorsandevaluationboards.TemperatureSensorTemperaturesensormanufacturedbyDALLASSemiconductorDS18B20-typesingleintelligencetemperaturesensor,itsperformancefeaturesinclude:1)Thissensorhavesingle-bus-specifictechnology,eitherthroughtheserialportcablealsothroughotherI/Oportlinesandcomputerinterfaces,withoutgoingthroughotherconversioncircuitsDirectoutputmeasuredtemperaturevalue(9-bitbinarynumber,withsignbit).2)Temperaturerangeis-55℃~+125℃,measurementresolutionof0.0625℃.3)Containing64asamendedthroughthelaser-read-onlymemoryROM.4)FitavarietyofSCMorsystemmachine.5)Userscansetseparatewayseachtemperatureupperandlowerlimit.6)Includesparasiticpower.DS18B20andthemainchipconnectiondiagramshowninFigure2:DS18B20numberonepingrounded,thenonthe3rdpinhighandthe2ndpinthena5.1Kofthepull-upresistor,atthesametimereceivedasingleoutputsignalofthePD0pin.Pull-upistopulltheuncertaintysignalthrougharesistorembeddedinthehighplaces,resistanceatthesametimecurrent－limited.ProgramfromtheDQpininhighimpedancestatetoensurethatthebeginning,sothatyoucanpullonthepull-upresistortothehighDQ.Atthesametimethemainchipalsocanbeanexternalsitealarmbuzzer.Figure2.ds18b20andthemainchipconnectiondiagram.SmokeMonitoringModuleSmokesensorschooseHIS-07ionsmokedetectorswhentheflowthroughtheinsideandoutsidetheionizationchamberionizationelectronflowisunbalanced,collectorchargescurrentuntiltheionizationbalance.Inasmoke-freeornon-combustion,thecollectorbeingsubjecttotheimpactionizationcurrentstatisticalfluctuation,thepotentialtomaintainabalance.Ionizationcurrenthaveimpactwhenthesmokeintotheionizationchamber,easilyintotheionizationchambersmokeoutsidethaninsidetheionizationchamberoftheaffected,ionizationcurrentdeclineinandcollectortore-chargeuntilthenewequilibriumpotential,thispotentialchangecanbeusedtotriggerthealarmcircuit.TechnicalparameterssuchasTable1.TABLEI.HIS-07IONSMOKESENSORTHCHNICALDATASmokesignalsareprocessedonthechipofchoiceistheMotorolacompany’sMC14468,MC14468forDIP16-pinpackage,containoscillator,timer,latch,alarmcontrollogiccircuit,highinputimpedancecomparatoretc.Whennotdetectedsmoke,MC14468internaloscillatorthatoscillationcycle1.67s.Each1.67scycletheinternalpowersupplyisprovidedtotheworkoftheentirechip.It’sallkeptdetectanysmokeinadditiontoLEDflashes,batteryvoltagealarmandsmokealarm.Theoscillatoroscillationperiodbecomes40mswhentheMC14448Oncedetectionsmoke,thistimepiezoelectricbuzzerdrivingcircuittostartoscillation,starttobeabletooutputtomaintainthehigh160msafterthecessationof80ms.Continuedduringthedetectionofsmokecessationofchanges,atthistimeifnotdetectedsmokebeeperwillnotbeissuedawarningsound.Infigure3,theMC144681pinjointPD1pinofSCMwhentheionchamberoftheioncurrentasthesceneofsmokedetectionandchange,voltagechangegenerationaweakside-spreadseized15,bytheMC14468internallogicprocessingcircuitprocessing,thesmokeisdetectedby1pin-outhighmicrocontrollerforprocessing.13-pinthensliderheostatissettofacilitatedetectionsensitivitywhentheledflashesandthebuzzersoundedapiercingsoundofanaudioalarmwhenthedepartmenthasafirealarmsignal-based.Figure3.SmokedetectioncircuitAuto-dialalarmmoduleDial-upalarmmodulechoicesaretheEX-1dial-upmoduleisaDTMFsignalreceiving,storing,andsendingasintegrationcommunicationscircuits.Modulebuilt-inmicrocontrolleranddial-upmanagementprocesscanprovideuserswithavarietyofsignalinputandoutputports,insecurityalarm,signalacquisition,automaticcontrol,remotecommunicationandinformationtransmissionareassuchasflexibleapplication.5groupscanhavecellphoneorgroupofsevenlocaltelephonenumbersarestored,power-downisnotlost;Telephonelinestatusdetection,automaticfaultsignaloutput;Telephone/externalswitchingtwokindsofdial-upstatecontrol;Triggertime,ninetimesloopdialpresetnumbers;Toworkindependently,independentdial-up,donotrelyontelephoneandotherexternaldevicesEX-1wiringdiagramshowninfigure4,ThePD4pintoconnectthemainchipHTO,themodulebegantodialalarmwhenPD4outputhighlevelsignal,PD5connectionON/OFFpininputishighlevelsignaltoopenthedial-upsettings,theinputdoesnotworkwhenthispinbecomelow,ERRpinconnectedtoPD6pinofMCU,PD6output1beguntotestwhetherthetelephonelinefailure,READYpinconnectMCUPD7pindetectionandalarmiscompleted,thealarmisendwhenPD7pinishigh.Figure4.EX-1wiringdiagramIV.

SOFIW

AREDESIGN

Figure

5.

The

main

program

flow

chartBecauseintheearlystagesoffiresandthesmolderingphasewillproducealargenumberofaerosolparticlesandsmokeparticles.Inthestageofincipientfiresubstancesinthecombustionprocessproducesalotofheat,soshouldmakethesmokesensorandtemperaturesensorusedinconjunction,firstwiththesmokesensordetectswhetherthereissmokegeneration,thenthetemperaturesensordetectsthetemperature,temperaturesensoralarmvalueissetto50degrees.WhenthesmokeisdetectedR0is1,notsmokeR0is0.ThentestthetemperaturewhenthetemperaturereachesthevalueofseasonalearlywarningR1is1,thevalueofseasonaltemperaturenottoreachanearlywarningR1to0,atthistimecomparedtotheR0andR1isequaltothemainchipwhenthedial-upalarm,ifnotequalisnottoalarmre-tested.Thissmokesensorandtemperaturesensorusedinconjunctionwithgreatlyimprovedthereliabilityofdetectiontopreventtheomissionoffalsepositives,programflowdiagramshowninFigure5.V.CONCLUSIONBythecooperationofusingoftemperatureandsmokesensors,throughdetectingthetemperatureandsmokeon-site,theautomaticalarmsystemcouldfindanyfireinwarehouseandsendthemessagetomanagersofwarehouseintheearlytimebytheformofshortmessages.Soitsapplicationcouldgreatlyreducefirelossesandenhancedthesafereliabilityofwarehousemorethantheformersingleequipmentoffirealarm,andpreventfailingofreportingandmisinformation.Thesystemhasahighreliability,lowpriceandhighsensitivity.REFERENCES

[1]

Shunning

Miao,Guangming

Xiong,Yongping

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FM3260-2004.附件2：外文資料翻譯基于單片機(jī)的火災(zāi)自動報警系統(tǒng)摘要：本文介紹了基于單片機(jī)的自動倉庫火災(zāi)自動報警系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)主要由ATmega16的，溫度傳感器，煙霧傳感器，EX-1自動撥通報警模塊。在系統(tǒng)，溫度信號轉(zhuǎn)換為串行數(shù)據(jù)，煙霧信號轉(zhuǎn)化為電壓信號。由MCU的所有數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理。監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)檢查時，在倉庫防火，報警信號被打開，同時消息通過EX-1傳送到管理者。該系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用是由倉庫經(jīng)理有效地處理火災(zāi)。關(guān)鍵詞:火災(zāi)報警傳感器，煙霧傳感器系統(tǒng);

ATmega16的溫度傳感器，煙霧傳感器1

序言火災(zāi)自動報警控制系統(tǒng)經(jīng)歷了一個過程，從簡單到復(fù)雜和情報系統(tǒng)在中國越來越多。其特點(diǎn)是自動火災(zāi)探測報警技術(shù)，隨著計(jì)算機(jī)和檢測技術(shù)的發(fā)展有很大的進(jìn)步。目前，火災(zāi)自動報警控制系統(tǒng)采用大容量的抽水蓄能電站，商場，高層辦公樓，酒店和其他地方。他們被用在一些更高層次的總線型報警控制系統(tǒng)，智能報警控制方法的一個區(qū)域集中的集合，在一些居民區(qū)和商業(yè)樓宇安裝了由單一的火災(zāi)自動報警檢測裝置。這些檢測報警裝置，有時失敗報告，或誤傳。它的可靠性不高，因?yàn)槭褂脝我粋鞲衅鳌Ｒ虼?，需要開發(fā)具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，成本低，可靠性高，響應(yīng)快的火災(zāi)自動檢測系統(tǒng)。2

該系統(tǒng)的一般項(xiàng)目

硬件框圖如圖1所示，由溫度傳感器，煙霧傳感器，信號處理模塊，MCU模塊和自動報警模塊的硬件。非電氣量，是通過傳感元件傳感器（煙霧傳感器和

成電信號，信號處理以及信號轉(zhuǎn)換成模擬量，數(shù)字量，溫度傳感器）將現(xiàn)場溫度，煙霧等非電信號。最后，對采樣數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理，并與單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)的限制。該系統(tǒng)可以產(chǎn)生本地和遠(yuǎn)程自動報警信號。溫度傳感器溫度傳感器煙霧傳感器信號處理SCM自動報警模塊電話機(jī)PD0PD1圖1.火災(zāi)自動報警系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)3

硬件組件

A.

Atmega16

美國愛特梅爾的微控制器ATmega16單片機(jī)所使用的系統(tǒng)。

ATmega16的基于AVR

RISC結(jié)構(gòu)的低功耗8位CMOS微控制器提高。由于其先進(jìn)的指令集以及單時鐘周期指令執(zhí)行時間，ATmega16的數(shù)據(jù)吞吐量高達(dá)1

MIPS

/

MHz的。從而減輕系統(tǒng)在功耗和處理速度之間的矛盾。

ATmega16的有以下特點(diǎn)：16K字節(jié)的系統(tǒng)內(nèi)可編程Flash（讀取和寫在同一時間，也就是有能力，RWW區(qū)），512字節(jié)EEPROM，1K字節(jié)SRAM，32個通用I

/

O口線，

32個通用工作寄存器，JTAG邊界掃描接口，支持片上調(diào)試和編程，3定時器/計(jì)數(shù)器（T

/

C），片內(nèi)/外中斷，可編程串行USART有更靈活的方式，有初始條件探測器通用串行接口，8通道10位具有可選差分輸入級可編程增益（TQFP封裝）的ADC，片上振蕩器的可編程看門狗定時器，一個SPI串行端口，以及六個可以通過軟件節(jié)電模式選擇。該芯片是以Atmel高密度非易失性內(nèi)存技術(shù)生產(chǎn)的片上ISP

Flash允許程序存儲器通過ISP串行接口或編程的通用編程，你也可以運(yùn)行在AVR內(nèi)核之間的自舉程序。引導(dǎo)程序可以使用任何接口下載申請快閃記憶體領(lǐng)域（應(yīng)用快閃記憶體）。應(yīng)用程序更新Flash存儲區(qū)時引導(dǎo)Flash區(qū)（引導(dǎo)閃存）程序繼續(xù)運(yùn)行，RWW區(qū)操作實(shí)現(xiàn)。

ATmega16的成為一個強(qiáng)大的8位RISC

CPU的微控制器和系統(tǒng)單芯片可編程閃存，為許多嵌入式控制應(yīng)用，提供了一個靈活和具有成本效益的解決方案。

ATmega16的一個編程和系統(tǒng)開發(fā)工具集，包括：C語言編譯器，宏匯編，程序調(diào)試器/軟件仿真器，仿真器和評估板。B.

溫度傳感器

Dallas半導(dǎo)體公司的DS18B20-型單智能溫度傳感器的溫度傳感器制造，其性能特點(diǎn)包括：

（1）該傳感器具有單總線專用技術(shù)，通過串口電纜，還可以通過其它I

/

O口線和電腦接口，無需通過其他轉(zhuǎn)換電路直接輸出被測溫度值（9位二進(jìn)制數(shù)，用符號位）。

（2）溫度范圍為-55℃?+125℃，測量分辨率為0。

0625℃。

（3）包含64修訂通過激光只讀存儲器ROM。

（4）適合各種單片機(jī)或系統(tǒng)機(jī)。

（5）用戶可以設(shè)置每個溫度的上限和下限分道揚(yáng)鑣。

（6）包括寄生電源。DS18B20與主芯片連接圖如圖2所示：DS18B20的數(shù)字一個引腳接地，然后在第三針和第二針，然后5。

1K的上拉電阻，在同一時間，收到了單一的PD0引腳輸出信號。拉是拉電阻器的電流限制在同一時間通過嵌入在高的地方，阻力不確定性的信號。計(jì)劃，以確保從DQ引腳處于高阻抗?fàn)顟B(tài)開始，讓你可以上拉電阻拉來的高DQ的。在同時主芯片也可以是外部的現(xiàn)場報警蜂鳴器。圖2.DS18B20與主芯片連接圖。C.煙霧監(jiān)控模塊

煙霧傳感器選擇HIS-07離子煙霧探測器，通過內(nèi)外電離室電離電子流的流動不平衡時，集電極收費(fèi)，直到目前的電離平衡。在無煙或無燃燒，收集受到碰撞電離電流的統(tǒng)計(jì)波動，保持平衡的潛力。電離電流影響煙霧進(jìn)入電離室，容易進(jìn)入電離室煙霧外，比內(nèi)的影響，重新充電，直到新的平衡電位和集電極電流下降電離電離室時，這種潛在的變化可以用觸發(fā)報警電路。技術(shù)參數(shù)如表1。表I.HIS-07離子煙霧傳感器THCHNICAL數(shù)據(jù)TableHeadTableColumnHead集電極電位減少透光率的4%/英尺2.2v減少透光率的1%/英尺0.6v電容6pf平衡電位收集器5.5±0.3

煙霧信號處理芯片的選擇上，是摩托羅拉公司的MC14468，MC14468DIP16腳封裝，包含振蕩器，定時器，閂鎖，報警控制邏輯電路，高輸入阻抗比較等沒有探測到的煙霧時