2020版高考英語復習Unit12CultureShock知能演練輕松闖關（含2019屆新題含解析）北師大版.docx

Unit 12 Culture Shock課時練1閱讀理解提速練學生用書P288(單獨成冊) 閱讀理解A(2019 廣州普通高中畢業(yè)班綜合測試一)Its no secret that your personal characteristics directly affect how you interact with the worldbut you might be surprised at just how deep it goes. Experts think that your personality can even affect how you exercise and influence what sports are suitable for you.Highly Sensitive“Highly sensitive people may be more uncomfortable with group exercise classes or team sports where they feel their every move is being observed. Additionally, they may feel more upset about an ineffective or a poor workout，” says researcher Elaine Aron.For such people, individual or noncompetitive activities like biking, running and hiking are ideal.Type A PersonalityType A individuals often have an “all or nothing approach” to exercise. This personality type is known for sticking closely to their plan, not to mention being super competitive. However，this can cause them to stick too closely to a fitness routine, which means they might try to push past an injury.To get better exercise results, Type A people need to be aware that following an exercise plan too strictly may limit their progress. They should be more flexible and listen to their body, especially when they are in pain.Type B PersonalityThis laidback group may get too lazy about their exercise plan, which prevents them from seeing results. They are often less willing to devote enough time and energy to their fitness goals especially if exercise is something that makes them anxious.Type B individuals succeed in creative and cooperative environments, so team sports and group gym classes may be perfect.Remember, there are plenty of ways you can adapt a fitness plan to suit your needs, regardless of your characteristics. Just keep in mind what you like.【解題導語】本文是一篇議論文，主要論述了人的性格影響體育鍛煉項目的選擇。1Why might highly sensitive people be unwilling to take part in group sports?AThey will feel like they are being evaluated.BThey dont like socializing with other people.CThey dont consider themselves to be athletic.DThey fear theyll be let down by their teammates.A解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，高度敏感的人可能不喜歡參加團體運動課程或團隊體育運動的原因是他們覺得他們的每一個動作都會被觀察到。據(jù)此可知，A項正確。2Type A people can be best described as _Acommitted BflexibleCindependent DsensitiveA解析：推理判斷題。由題干關鍵詞 “Type A people” 定位至“Type A Personality” 部分；根據(jù)該部分中的“This personality type is known for sticking closely to their plan，not to mention being super competitive.”可知，這種性格的人會堅守他們的計劃；A項意為“堅定的”，故A項正確。3What is the purpose of the text?ATo help people understand what personality type they are.BTo explain how personal characteristics affect exercise habits.CTo identify the dangers of doing the wrong type of exercise.DTo describe different types of workouts that are available today.B解析：寫作意圖題。通讀全文尤其是文章第一段的第二句可知，本文主要論述了人的性格影響體育鍛煉項目的選擇，并介紹了不同性格的人的體育鍛煉習慣。據(jù)此可知，本文旨在解釋性格是如何影響人的體育鍛煉習慣的，故B項正確。B(2019福建質(zhì)檢)On a college camping trip, curiosity about waves and sand caused Rob Thieler to study shorelines around the world. Thirty years later and now a US. Geological Survey research geologist, Thieler, is combining science and smartphone technology to help study an endangered bird, the Atlantic coast piping plover(笛鸻)The piping plover is a shorebird that breeds(繁殖) along the Atlantic coast, the Great Lakes and the Great Plains. Rising sea level associated with climate change, as well as increased development in their beach habitats(棲息地), threatens the species(物種)To help track changes in piping plover habitats, Thieler developed a free app called iPlover in 2012.This is a marked change from the typical way scientists collect data, which involves gathering information by using specialized equipment or writing in notebooks and then putting it into spreadsheets.Since releasing iPlover, scientists have gathered data across 1，500 km of breeding range. That equals about a third of the distance across the US., which is a large area to cover for only two thousand breeding pairs of piping plovers on the east coast. Instead of having to travel and spend days at each site, a number of cooperators in the field use the app to collect and send data, allowing scientists to gather data more efficiently. It also allows them to collect data at the same time during each breeding season, providing a better picture of changes that happen over longer periods of time. And fast, centralized access means scientists can look at data quickly to get a realtime idea of where and how piping plovers are using their habitats.While iPlover is used by trained field staff, other apps like the US. Geological Surveys webbased “iCoastDid the Coast Change？” invite citizen scientists to identify coastal changes by comparing birds eyeview photographs taken before and after storms. All the information scientists and citizen scientists alike collect helps federal and state agencies create policy plans for addressing climate change impacts(影響) worldwide.【解題導語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了美國的地質(zhì)學家將科學和智能手機技術結合起來，研制出了一款app監(jiān)測笛鸻棲息地的變化，從而幫助保護這種瀕危動物。4What can we know about the piping plover?AIts behaviour is changing.BIts habitat is growing bigger.CIts living environment is becoming worse.DIts breeding is limited to the Atlantic coast.C解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Rising sea level associated with climate change，as well as increased development in their beach habitats(棲息地)，threatens the species(物種)”可知，與氣候變化有關的海平面的上升和對它們的海灘棲息地越來越多的開發(fā)威脅到了這個物種，故推斷出笛鸻的生存環(huán)境日益糟糕，本題選C。5Why did Thieler develop iPlover?ATo study shorelines across America.BTo advance information technology.CTo find out global climate change.DTo monitor changes of piping plover habitats.D解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第三句“To help track changes in piping plover habitats，Thieler developed a free app called iPlover in 2012.”可知，Thieler研制iPlover的目的是監(jiān)測笛鸻棲息地的變化，本題選D。6Which of the following benefits the piping plover?AThe camping equipment.BResearch on smartphones.CThe changeable coast.DProgress in technology.D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段內(nèi)容可知，免費的應用程序發(fā)行之后，科學家們的監(jiān)測范圍更廣，并能更有效地收集數(shù)據(jù)，這些對于采取措施保護笛鸻很有好處，故技術的進步給笛鸻帶來很多好處，本題選D。7What would be the best title of the text?AProtecting Endangered ShorebirdsBRob Thieler，a Creative ScientistCiPlover，a Tool for Training Field StaffDDifferences Between iPlover and iCoastA解析：標題歸納題。根據(jù)文章大意可知，美國的地質(zhì)學家將科學和智能手機技術結合起來，研制出一款app來監(jiān)測笛鸻棲息地的變化，從而幫助保護這種瀕危動物；再根據(jù)文章第二段第一句“The piping plover is a shorebird”可知，本題選A。C(2019湖南部分重點中學考前演練)Im sometimes told, “You have to make your own luck. If you dont try something, how can you succeed？” This is very true for competitions.There are people who regularly take part in all sorts of competitions with great enthusiasm. These people are nicknamed compers. The motivation for being a comper is obvious：its about being a winner and being rewarded with a prize. These prizes can be small or large：from a box of chocolates to a new car, a trip of a lifetime around the world, or even a new house. Isnt that worth competing for？Of course competitions that offer money prizes attract entry from millions of people, making the odds of winning very unlikely. But one man who has been lucky is a retired lecturer from the UK. called Martin Dove. He is a serial comper and has managed to bag prizes such as a yacht and a racehorse.Martin says：“Ive been a comper for 40 years. Its like admitting some addiction, isnt it？” He gets respect from other compers and also admits，“Some people have called me the Master of Comping, the King of Comping, the Guru of Comping. But its just a word, just a phrase. Its just because I frequently appeared in the media.”For many, winning remains a dream, but they continue to try their luck as theres always a small chance that they might succeed. But what if you do win? Then you have to ask：how am I going to spend all that money? Some people say that “money cant buy you happiness”. What do you think?【解題導語】本文是一篇說明文，闡述了一種社會現(xiàn)象：有些人總是熱衷于參加各種形式的比賽活動，目的就是獲獎。你是否有過類似的經(jīng)歷呢？8What does the author mean by “This is very true for competitions.”？ACompetitions bring people luck.BOne must be in a competition to win it.CTrying gets people to succeed.DPeople naturally compete with each other.B解析：推理判斷題。This指的應是前面的“If you dont try something, how can you succeed？”，再結合第二段提到的人們參加比賽贏獎可知，此處指的是對于比賽來說，一個人必須先參與進去然后才有可能贏得比賽，故選B。9Who are compers?AThose always standing out in competitions.BThose addicted to entering competitions.CThose often entering competitions for prizes.DThose competing for others recognition.C解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“There are people who regularly take part in all sorts of competitions.its about being a winner and being rewarded with a prize.”可知，compers指的是那些頻繁地參加比賽以獲取獎品的人。故選C。10What does the underlined word “odds” probably mean?APossibility. BInvestment.CImportance. DAdvantage.A解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句“Of course competitions that offer money prizes attract entry from millions of people，making the odds of winning very unlikely.”并結合常識可知，比賽的獎金是有限的，而參賽的人越多，獲獎的概率就越小。由此可知，odds的意思是“概率，可能性”。故選A。11What do Martins words suggest?AAny job can offer opportunities.BHe has attracted considerable attention.CPersistence is the key to his success.DHe has set a good example to others.B解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的最后兩句及第四段的內(nèi)容可知，Martin經(jīng)常參加比賽，而且得到了一些大獎并贏得了其他參賽者的尊重，甚至一些人稱其為“參賽大師”、“參賽大王”、“參賽專家”。由此可知，Martin得到了廣泛的關注。故選B。D(2019湖北部分重點中學新高三起點考試)“Its a big hammer to crack a nut.”This is how one angry parent described the recent crackdown(嚴厲的打擊) by London police on parents who drop their kids off at school by car. Yes，you read that correctlythe very mode of transportation that many American schools insist is the only safe way to deliver kids to school is now considered illegal in the UK.The decision to fine any vehicles seen dropping off or picking up kids within a particular zone of east London comes from city councilors(議員) longterm efforts to make the area safer and less crowded. They say theyve been trying for years “to encourage reasonable parking”，but in vain. Neighborhood residents complain frequently about their driveways being blocked by illegally parked cars for 15 minutes or more，often while theyre trying to get to work，and the streets are long overcrowded.Now the rules have changed.Some parents are angry. Angie is a mother who made the “big hammer”comment and says the crackdown is “way over the top”The nearest dropoff point for her sixyearold is now a fiveminute walk from the school. Others are happy with the decision，severe though it may seem.Councilor Jason Frost said: “Traffic has been clearly reduced，and more children are now walking to school，which is a great outcome.I would rather have complaints that we are slightly inconveniencing parents than hear that a child had been seriously injured because nothing was done.”I witness daily the chaos(混亂) created by these intown drivers，when I walk my own kids to school. Theres a parking lot crowded with vehicles and a slowmoving train of cars moving in circles，many filling the air with harmful smoke. Meanwhile，the conversations around overweight children and the importance of daily physical activities continue to stand out in schools.【解題導語】本文講述倫敦自實行在學校門口嚴禁停車這一做法以來的變化。12Why is Angie opposed to the new rule?AShe is often fined by London police.BShe will lose her job as a school driver.CShe has adapted to the American practice.DShe thinks it adds inconvenience to her kid.D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“The nearest dropoff point for her sixyearold is now a fiveminute walk from the school.”可知，對于她6歲的孩子來說，最近的下車點離學校有五分鐘的步行路程，據(jù)此可推知，Angie認為不能在校門口停車給孩子帶來不便。所以選項D正確。13Why has the new rule been made according to Jason Frost?AOn account of many complaints.BBecause of students health problem.COwing to safety concern.DDue to air pollution.C解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“l(fā)ongterm efforts to make the area safer and less crowded”以及第四段最后一句可知，選項C的表述“Owing to safety concern.”是正確的。14What can be seen after the crackdown is carried out?ALess daily chaos.BSupport from all people.CMore overweight children.DComplaints from neighbors.A解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Traffic has been clearly reduced，and more children are now walking to school，which is a great outcome.”可知，車輛已經(jīng)明顯減少，許多孩子正在步行上學，日常混亂的場景越來越少，這是最大的結果，所以選項A正確。15What is the main idea of the text?AParents attempt to resist a school rule.BLondon police cause widespread anger.CAmerican schools care more about kids safety.DDifferent voices are heard on a new traffic policy.D解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文可知，倫敦學校門口家長停車造成安全事故和交通堵塞，因此議員提議對這一現(xiàn)象進行制止，由此引發(fā)家長的議論。因此選項D符合題意。 七選五(2019南昌模擬)Your first step toward healthy living is to get a handle on your health status right now. Heres your todo list：Assess your activity. How much physical activity do you get in a typical week? 1._？ How much variety do you get in your activity, and how much do you enjoy it? The CDC recommends that adults get at least two and a half hours per week of moderateintensity aerobic activity or one hour and 15 minutes per week of vigorousintensity aerobic activity, plus musclestrengthening activity at least two days per week.Keep a food diary. Write down everything you eat for a dayand no fair skipping the items youre embarrassed about. “2._，” says Kathianne Sellers Williams, MEd, RD, a nutritionist, wellness coach, and personal trainer with Cafe Physique in Atlanta. “You cant change what youre not aware of or dont acknowledge.”Check your mood and energy. Healthy living includes emotional wellness and adequate rest. How has your mood been lately? 3._？ Do you usually sleep well for seven to eight hours a night?4_. How strong are your connections with family and friends? Are you plugged into social or spiritual groups that enrich your life? “People have a fundamental need for positive and lasting relationships，” C. Nathan DeWall, assistant professor of psychology at the University of Kentucky, tells WebMD.If youre not thrilled with the answers to some of those questions, remember that the point is to figure out where you are today so you can set your healthy living goals. Its not about being “good” or “bad”， “right” or “wrong”. 5._.AHow intense is that activityBConsider your social networkCThe idea is to write it down without judgmentDIts time to learn something about the social appsEIts OK if you leave out some items in your food diaryFIt is the awareness of your own state of health that mattersGAre you experiencing any symptoms of depression or anxiety【解題導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了掌握自身健康狀況的方法。1A解析：根據(jù)該段主題句“Assess your activity.”以及關鍵詞activity可知A項與此處匹配。A項與“How much physical activity do you get in a typical week？”及“How much variety do you get in your activity, and how much do you enjoy it？”為并列問句。2C解析：根據(jù)空前的“Write down everything you eat for a dayand no fair skipping the items youre embarrassed about.”可知，空處應講的是不做評判地記下一天要吃的食物。所以C項正確。3G解析：空前一句“How has your mood been lately？”中的關鍵詞mood與G項中的“any symptoms of depression or anxiety”相呼應；G項與空后的“Do you usually sleep well for seven to eight hours a night？”為并列問句。4B解析：根據(jù)空后的“How strong are your connections with family and friends? Are you plugged into social or spiritual groups that enrich your life？”和“People have a fundamental need for positive and lasting relationships”可知，本段主要講述的是要有社交活動，B項中的“social network”與此呼應。所以選B。5F解析：根據(jù)空前的“Its not about being goodorbad，rightorwrong”可知，選F項“意識到你自身的健康狀況是很重要的”。課時練2知識運用板塊練學生用書P291(單獨成冊) 完形填空(2019東北三省四市教研聯(lián)合體一模)Shutting the door heavily, sevenyearold Vito stormed into the room after school. He _1_ himself into the sofa and cried loudly, “Dad, I am very _2_” Vitos father was quietly listening while working. Vito said, “Joaquin made me lose _3_ in front of my friends. I hope he _4_ a few particularly bad things.” His father went to a corner, _5_ a bag of coal and said to Vito, “Son, _6_ that white shirt as Joaquin, and the bag of coal as some bad things. Use coal to hit the white shirt._7_ that every time you hit one on the shirt, Joaquin met with a bad thing. When you finish hitting all the coal, see what will _8_” Vito thought the game _9_He picked up coal to throw at the shirt. However, the shirt was hung in the _10_ rope. He tried again and again. He _11_ throwing all the coal, but only a little on the shirt.Father asked Vito, “How do you feel now？” “It _12_ me, but I am happy now.” Father saw his son did not understand his _13_， so he let Vito look in a large _14_What he could only see from his face was white _15_Then the father said, “You see, the white shirt did not become particularly dirty, but you have become a _16_ personYou want a lot of bad luck on others; the _17_ is that the most unfortunate thing _18_ on ourselves. There our bad _19_ may cause others to suffer bad luck, but the stains left to us are difficult to _20_” 【解題導語】本文是一篇記敘文，通過七歲男孩Vito的故事告訴我們：你想傷害別人時也會傷害自己。1A.threw BenjoyedCoccupied DhelpedA解析：根據(jù)上文中的“stormed into”和下文中的“cried loudly”可知，Vito氣呼呼地沖進房間，猛地坐到沙發(fā)上。故threw符合語境。2A.cool BanxiousCcrazy DangryD解析：根據(jù)上文中的“stormed into” “cried loudly”可知，Vito是非常生氣的。故選D項。3A.heart BinterestCface DhopeC解析：根據(jù)下文中的“I hope he _ a few particularly bad things.” 并結合空處所在句可知，Joaquin讓Vito在朋友面前丟臉了。lose face “丟臉” 符合語境。4A.runs over Bcomes acrossCtakes up Dmakes outB解析：根據(jù)下文中的“Joaquin met with a bad thing”可知come across “偶然遇見” 符合語境。run over “軋過”；take up “拿起，占用，開始從事”；make out “理解，辨認出”。5A.found BsuppliedCspotted DplacedA解析：父親走到角落，找到(found)了一袋煤。6A.view BpaintCwear DhangA解析：根據(jù)下文中的“.the bag of coal as some bad things. Use coal to hit the white shirt.”可知父親是在作比喻，vi