中考英語語法第講課件-祈使句感嘆句反義疑問句it倒裝句育英科技王衡老師中考英語四輪復(fù)習(xí)法.ppt

易學(xué),生動,詳細(xì),育英科技 王衡英語,中考英語語法,第二十講 5種特殊句型,第一部分：祈使句,祈使句的肯定句式,祈使句的肯定句式一般分為以下三種類型： 1.行為動詞原形其它成分。例如： Make sentences after the model.根據(jù)例句造句。 2. Be動詞其它成分(形容詞、名詞或介詞短語等)。例如： Be careful when crossing the street.過馬路時要小心。 3. Let賓語動詞原形其它成分。例如： Let him go back now.讓他現(xiàn)在回去吧。,祈使句的否定句式,祈使句的否定句式，通常情況下在句首加上Dont或Never，一般分為以下三種類型： 1.在祈使句的肯定句式前加Dont，構(gòu)成Dont行為動詞原形其它成分。例如： Dont say that again!別再那樣說了！ 2.在Be動詞引起的肯定祈使句前加Dont，構(gòu)成Dont be其它成分(形容詞、名詞或介詞短語等)。例如：Dont be careless.不要粗心。 注意：在這種句型中be不能省略；否定副詞not不可置于be之后。 3.在公共場合的提示語中，否定祈使句常用No名詞/V-ing形式結(jié)構(gòu)，表示禁止做某事。例如： NO PHOTOS!禁止拍照！,祈使句的回答,祈使句的動作通常是表示將來發(fā)生的動作，所以回答祈使句時，一般用will或wont。在回答具有否定意義的祈使句時，要注意兩點：一是形式一致，即Yes與will保持一致；No與wont保持一致。二是意思相反，即Yes是不的意思；No是“是”的意思。在回答時，要注意分析上下文語境中所提供的條件。,- Dont go out, please. Its raining heavily outside. 請不要出去。外面雨下得很大。 - Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport. 不行，我得去機場接我弟弟。,第二部分：感嘆句,表示喜、怒、樂等強烈感情時用感嘆句。感嘆句分為兩種：一種以what引導(dǎo)，一種以how引導(dǎo)。句尾用感嘆號“！”通常用感嘆號。 例：What a clever boy he is！ 多么聰明的男孩??！ 例：How clever the boy is！ 這個男孩多聰明?。?What引導(dǎo)的感嘆句！,what修飾名詞或名詞短語，有以下兩種形式： 1. What +a(an) +（形容詞）+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語！如： What an apple this is! What a fine day it is! 2. What+(形容詞）+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語！ What kind women they are! What nice music it is!,How引導(dǎo)的感嘆句,由How引導(dǎo)的感嘆句。 how用來修飾形容詞、副詞或動詞。 其結(jié)構(gòu)是：How+形容詞（副詞）+主語+謂語！ How hard the worker are working! How clever the girl is! How quickly the boy is writing! 注意：當(dāng)how修飾動詞時，動詞不跟著感嘆詞提到主語之前。 How the runner runs!,what與how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句，可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換，轉(zhuǎn)換后意義不變。 What an interesting story it is!=How interesting the story is! What a beautiful building it is!=How beautiful the building is! 在口語中，感嘆句的主語和謂語常常省略。如： What a nice present!（省略it is） How disappointed!（省略she is或其它可作本句主、謂的詞語）,第三部分：反義疑問句,前肯后否 前否后肯,Jim is doing his homework, isnt he? Tom wasnt watching TV at 8 yesterday, was he? You went to Beijing yesterday, didnt he? You knew nothing about him, did you? There is little water in the cup, is there? There are a few apples in the bag, arent there?,反意疑問句的一般情況,1.Tom is good at English, isnt he? 2. Mike likes playing basketball, doesnt he? 3. I can play basketball, cant I ? 4. My father has been to Beijing twice, hasnt he ? 5. This/that is a table, isnt it? (these, those- they),反意疑問句特殊情況 1,當(dāng)陳述部分含有l(wèi)ittle/few/never/hardly/seldom/no/neither/nobody/nothing,none等表示否定意義的詞時，疑問部分要用肯定形式。 She has few friends, does she? She has never been there,has she? There was nothing in the box, was there? None of us knows it, do we?,2,當(dāng)陳述部分否定意義的詞如：unhappy, dislike,careless 等含有否定詞綴在派生詞時，仍按肯定句對待，疑問部分用否定形式。 He looks unhappy today, doesnt he ? The girl dislikes history ,doesnt she?,3，陳述部分為I think/ believe/ suppose 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，疑問部分根據(jù)從句的情況及整句所表達(dá)的肯定或否定意義來完成。 I think he is at home isnt he? I dont believe Tom can succeed, can he ?,4,當(dāng)陳述部分是there be句型時， There are some apples. arent there? There will be robots in peoples home in the future, wont there? 5,省略的感嘆句的反意疑問句一律使用否定形式，并用be 的一般現(xiàn)在時。 What a clever boy， isnt he? What beautiful girls, arent they?,6,祈使句的反意疑問句 Please close the door, wont you? Dont close the door, will you? Let 開頭的祈使句 Lets go, shall we? Let us go, will you? 7， 陳述部分是I am，疑問部分要用 arent I. Im as tall as your sister，arent I ？,8,陳述部分有have to +v.原 (had to + v.原)，疑問部分常用dont +主語（didnt +主語）。 We have to get there at eight, dont we? 9，陳述部分若為主從復(fù)合句，疑問部分的主語通常與主句的主語一致。 She said he would come tomorrow, didnt she? He told us how to get to the farm, didnt he?,前否后肯的反意疑問句如何回答,1.It is a fine day ,isnt it? Yes, it is. No, it isnt. 2. It isnt a fine day, is it? Yes(不), it is. No(是的), it isnt. 注意：永遠(yuǎn)不可能出現(xiàn)yes后面跟否定形式或者no 后面永遠(yuǎn)不可能跟肯定形式的情況。,第四部分：it的特殊用法,It作形式主語,Itiswas形容詞（forof sb）動詞不定式短語,對于這個句型中究竟用 for還是用of，一般遵循這樣的規(guī)則：如果形容詞僅僅是描述事物的形容詞，如：difficult， easy，hard，important，dangerous等用for；如果形容詞是描述不定式行為者的性格、品質(zhì)的，如：kind，good，nice，clever等則用of。 It is interesting to play with snow in winter 冬季里玩雪是很有趣的。 Its important for us to keep the water clean 保持水質(zhì)清潔對我們來說是很重要的。 Its very kind of you to say so 你這樣說真是太好了。,這一句式中的形容詞位置也可換用名詞；連系動詞be也可換用其它連系動詞，如feel等。 Its a good habit to get up early and go to bed early 早睡早起是好習(xí)慣。 It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship 乘宇宙飛船飛往月球一定很有趣。 It feels strange to have a twin sister 有個孿生姐妹感覺很奇怪。,Itiswas形容詞從句,It is certain that he will come 他一定會來。 Its true that he may fall behind the other students 他真的可能落后于其他同學(xué)。 It is strange that he should say so 他居然這么說，真是奇怪。,其他it作形式主語,1.It is was ones turn（duty，pleasure） to do sth 意為“該輪到某人做某事（做某事是某人的責(zé)任、愉悅的事）”。 如： Its your turn to be on duty tomorrow 明天輪到你值日了。 2.It takes（sb）some time to do sth 意為“（某人）花時間做某事”。如： It took me a week to finish reading the book 我花了一周時間看完這本書。 3.It costcosts sbsome money to do sth 譯為“某人花多少錢做某事”。 如： It cost me 260 yuan to buy the new watch 我買這塊新手表花了260元。 4.It seems seemed 從句。 譯為“看起來好像”，此結(jié)構(gòu)可以轉(zhuǎn)換成“seem 動詞不定式”形式。如： It seems that he is illHe seems to be ill看起來他好像病了。,It作形式賓語,it用作形式賓語的句型為：主語謂語it賓語補足語動詞不定式動名詞從句。該句型中賓語補足語可由形容詞、名詞等充當(dāng)。,He found it not easy to learn a foreign language well 他發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好一門外語是不容易的。 We think it no good reading in bed 我們認(rèn)為躺在床上看書無益處。 I think it necessary that we have the meeting 我認(rèn)為開這個會是必要的。,第五部分：倒裝句,常見的倒裝句形式,1. 存在句(there be/ live/ stand/ lie/ seem等)需要全部倒裝。如: There once lived an old hunter in the house. 這所房子里曾住過一位老獵人。 There seems to be many listeners. 似乎有很多聽眾。,2. 副詞here, there, now, then等置于句首(經(jīng)常與go, come等動詞連用),全句需要全部倒裝。如: Here comes the bus. 公共汽車來了。 Now comes your turn. 現(xiàn)在輪到你了。 注意:如果主語是人稱代詞則不用倒裝。如: Here they are. 他們在這兒。,3. 當(dāng)上文所表達(dá)的含義也適用于另一個人或物時,要用so/ neither/ nor+be/ 助詞/ 情態(tài)動詞+主語;此時謂語的時態(tài)、語態(tài)應(yīng)與前句謂語的時態(tài)、語態(tài)相一致。如: I have finished my homework. 我已經(jīng)做完作業(yè)了。 So has he. 他也做完了。 I havent seen that film. 我沒看過那部電影。 Neither (Nor) have I. 我也沒有。,4. not only. but also.連接兩個并列句,且not only置于句首時,前句需要部分倒裝。如: Not only did he dislike the way we spoke, but he disliked the way we dressed. 他不但不喜歡我們說話的方式,而且也不喜歡我們著裝的方式。,練習(xí)題,1.Sorry，Joe. I didnt mean to. Dont call me “Joe” .Im Mr. Parker to you，and _ you forget it! A. do B. didnt C. did D. dont 答案：D。 2.Turn on the television or open a magazine and you_ advertisements showing happy families. A. will often see B. often see C. are often seeing D. have often seen 答案：A。祈使句，+and you will。祈使句相當(dāng)于條件狀語從句 3.Stand over there，_ youll be able to see it better. A. or B. while C.but D. and 答案：祈使句，+and you will。祈使句相當(dāng)于條件狀語從句,4.English has a large vocabulary，hasnt it？ Yes._ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate. A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Knew 答案：A。祈使句，+and you will。祈使句相當(dāng)于條件狀語從句。 5.Lose one hour in the morning，_you will be looking for it the rest of the day. A. but B. and C. or D. so 答案：B。 祈使句，+and you will。祈使句相當(dāng)于條件狀語從句,6 _bad the weather is! A How B What C What a D How a 答案：A。 7 _good news it is ! A How B What a C How a D What 答案：D。,8 _the sunshine is! A What a bright B How a bright C How bright D what bright 答案：C。 9 _ he writes. A How good B How well C What good D What well 答案：B。 10 _ LiLei runs! A What fast boy B What fast C How fast D How a fast 答案：C。,11. Few of them hurt themselves in the accident last night,_ A. dont they B. didnt they C. did they D. do they 答案：C。前面有few表示否定的詞，后面的疑問結(jié)構(gòu)用肯定。 12. His sister had a bad cough, _she? A. wasnt B. doesnt C. hadnt D. didnt 答案：D。前肯后否。,15. The lady couldnt say a word when she saw the snake,_? A. could the lady B. couldnt the lady C. could she D. couldnt she 答案：C。 16. Tina is unhappy now,_? A. isnt she B. is she C. is he D.did she 答案：A。有前綴變的否定含義的詞前面的句子依然當(dāng)成肯定句。,13. John can hardly understand any Chinese, _he? A. Cant B. doesnt C. can D. does 答案：C。前面有hardly表示否定的詞，后面的疑問結(jié)構(gòu)用肯定。 14. Dont smoke in the meeting-room,_? A. do you B. will you C. can you D. could you 答案：B。前面是祈使句用will you。,17. Everything will be OK, _ ? A. will it B. wont it C. will they D. wont they 解析：B。Everthing做主語，疑問結(jié)構(gòu)中用it。 18. He said I was hardworking, _? A. did he B. didnt he C. was I D. wasnt I 解析：B。主從復(fù)合句用主句變附加疑問句。,19. I dont think he made things worse, _? A. do I B. dont I C. did he D. didnt he 答案：C。由I think等引導(dǎo)的從句要看從句來變附加疑問句。 20. -Youve never seen dinosaur eggs, have you ? -_. How I wish to visit the Dinosaur World. A. Yes, I have B. No, I havent C. Certainly, I have D. Of course, I havent 答案：B。,21. I dont think _ difficult for a Chinese student to master a foreign language within five years. A. that B. it C. too D. very 答案：B。It是形式主語真正主語是后面的不定式。 22. It is _of you to cheat in the exam. A. dangerous B. difficult C. foolish D. kind 答案：C。It is+形容人的形容詞+of sb to do sth。,23. _ is very clear to everyone that he is roun