四級翻譯教學(xué)課件

1、四大文明古國：中國位于亞洲東部，是世界上人口最多的國家。中國是世界四大文明古國之一，擁有大量的中華文化光輝的古跡，此外，中國地大物博，擁有茂密的森林、雄偉壯麗的瀑布、秀麗的湖泊以及如利劍直插云霄的山峰，所有這些都令世界各國人民神往。但是，更重要的是，中國以擁有五千多年的歷史而自豪，遺留下無數(shù)的歷史文物，其中包括珍貴珠寶、古跡名勝、宮殿及數(shù)不盡的雄偉建筑，令人驚嘆不已。這種種原因都促使中國成為許多人夢寐以求的旅游勝地。 參考譯文： China lies in the east of Asia and it has the largest population in the world. Chin

2、a is also one of the four countries in the world that have an ancient civilization, Besides, it has a vast territory with such abundant natural resources as dense forests, magnificent waterfalls, majestic and beautiful rivers and lakes, and mountains whose peaks reach high into the sky like swords.

3、All these make China a singularly attractive place to tourists around the world. But, most importantly, China boasts a history of over five thousand years with innumerable historical relics left over from the long past, such as priceless pearls and jewels, historic sites and scenic spots, palaces an

4、d edifices of architectural richness, all of which have won peoples admiration. You are sure to find great enjoyment from all these attractions in China, a much-admired dream land.,中華傳統(tǒng)文化：中華民族的傳統(tǒng)文化博大精深，源遠流長。早在2000多年前，就產(chǎn)生了以孔孟為代表的儒家學(xué)說和以老莊為代表的道家學(xué)說，以及其他許多也在中國思想史上有地位的學(xué)說流派，這就是有名的“諸子百家”。從孔夫子到孫中山，中華民族傳統(tǒng)文化有它

5、的許多珍貴品質(zhì)，許多人民性和民主性的好東西。比如，強調(diào)仁愛，強調(diào)群體，強調(diào)和而不同，強調(diào)天下為公。特別是“天下興亡，匹夫有責(zé)”的愛國情找，“民為邦本”，“民貴君輕”的民本思想，“己所不欲勿施于人”的待人之道，吃苦耐勞，勤儉持家，尊師重教的傳統(tǒng)美德，世代相傳。所有這些，對家庭，國家和社會起到了巨大的維系與調(diào)節(jié)作用。 參考譯文： The traditional Chinese culture, both extensive and profound, starts far back and runs a long, long course. More than 2,000 years ago, t

6、here emerged in China Confucianism represented by Confucius and Mencius, Taoism represented by Lao Zi and ZhuangZi, and many other theories and doctrines that figured prominently in the history of Chinese thought, all being covered by the famous term” the masters hundred schools.” The traditional Ch

7、inese culture presents many precious ideas and qualities, which are essentially populist and democratic. For example, they lay stress on the importance of kindness and love in human relations, on the interest of the community, on seeking harmony without uniformity and on the idea that the world is f

8、or all. Especially, patriotism as embodied in the saying ”Everybody is responsible for the rise or fall of the country”; the populist ideas that “people are the foundation of the country” and that “people are the more important than the monarch”; the code of conduct of “Treat others as you want to b

9、e treated”. And the traditional virtues taught from generation to generation: endurance and hard working diligence and frugality in household management, and respecting teachers and valuing education. All of which have played a great role in binding and regulating the family, the country and the soc

10、iety.,路怒癥 路怒癥(road rage)，指汽車或其他機動車的駕駛?cè)藛T有攻擊性或憤怒的行為。此類行為可能包括：粗鄙的手勢、言語侮辱、故意用不安全或威脅安全的方式駕駛車輛。發(fā)作者會襲擊他人的汽車，有時無辜的同車乘客也會遭殃。調(diào)研指出，司機們表現(xiàn)出來的“路躁”情緒源于駕駛中面臨的各種壓力，比如交通擁堵、惡劣天氣、車輛事故、其他司機的野蠻駕駛行為等。 Road rage, refers to the aggressive or angry behavior of automobile or other motor vehicle drivers. Such behavior might in

11、clude rude gestures, verbal insults, and deliberate use of unsafe or threatening ways of driving. The angry drivers will attack other cars. Sometimes innocent passengers in their cars are also victimized. Research pointed out that the drivers road impatience arises from various pressure they face in

12、 driving, such as traffic congestion, bad weather, traffic accidents, aggressive driving behavior of other drivers, etc.,蟻族 由于我國近20年來大學(xué)擴招、就業(yè)形勢變化、房價過高等原因，在大城市中逐漸出現(xiàn)一個特殊的群體“蟻族”，即“大學(xué)畢業(yè)生低收入聚居群體”。這個群體和螞蟻有許多相類似的特點：高智、弱小、群居?！跋佔濉比后w在全國已有上百萬規(guī)模。他們受過高等教育；主要從事保險推銷、電子器材銷售、廣告營銷、餐飲服務(wù)等臨時性收入低的工作，有的甚至處于失業(yè)半失業(yè)狀態(tài)；絕大多數(shù)沒有“三

13、險”和勞動合同；年齡集中在2229歲之間。 With the expansion of Chinas college enrollment in the past 20 years, the changes of the employment situation, and high prices of real estate, a special group comes into being gradually in big cities the ant tribe , that is, gregarious low-income college graduates . They are si

14、milar to ants in many ways: highly-intelligent, weak, and gregarious. There are hundreds of thousands of them in the country. Characteristics of the ant tribe: highly educated; mainly engaged in insurance marketing, electronic equipment sales, advertising and marketing, catering services and other t

15、emporary low-income positions; some underemployed or unemployed; the vast majority of them lacking three insurances and the labor contract; mostly aged from 22 to 29.,中國人喜歡一起吃飯， 該傳統(tǒng)可追朔到很久以前。這一習(xí)俗反映出中國人喜團圓、不愿分離的觀念。圓桌，圓盤， 圓碗， 都象征著團圓和美滿。盤子通常放桌子中央， 以便圍坐的所有人都可以夠得著吃得到。最近，有一位美國漢學(xué)家在著作中認(rèn)為： 中國人的集體觀念（collective

16、 tradition） 就是從一起吃飯的行為發(fā)展而來。 Chinese people like eating together, which is a tradition that can be traced back a long time ago. It reflects the Chinese notion of union versus division. Round tables, round dishes, and round bowls all symbolize union and perfection. Dishes are usually placed at the cen

17、ter of the table so that everyone around the table can reach and share them. A recent book by an American Sinologist holds that the Chinese collective tradition developed out of the practice of eating together.,中國的鐵路建設(shè)始于清朝（the Qing Dynasty）末年。自新中國成立后，中國的鐵路得到了飛速發(fā)展。目前中國擁有僅次于美國和俄羅斯的全球第三大鐵路網(wǎng)。在中國，鐵路是國家重要

18、的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，大眾化的交通工具。每逢寒暑假、節(jié)假日，總會出現(xiàn)“一票難求”的現(xiàn)象。據(jù)報道，中國將優(yōu)先發(fā)展西部地區(qū)，特別是貧困地區(qū)的鐵路，引導(dǎo)當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣褡呦蛑赂恢贰?Railway construction in China began in the late Qing Dynasty. Chinese railway has seen rapid development since the founding of New China. Currently, China has the worlds third largest railway network only second to the U

19、nited States and Russia. Railway is an important infrastructure of the country and a popular traffic tool. During the summer and winter vacations, and national holidays, Chinese travelers always find it difficult to get a train ticket. It is reported that China will prioritize railway development in

20、 western regions, particularly the poor areas to lead the local people to wealth.,留守兒童（left-behind children）很容易面臨情感關(guān)懷的缺失。父母外出務(wù)工后，他們大多由祖父母或親友臨時監(jiān)護。他們無法像其他孩子一樣得到父母的養(yǎng)育，而祖父母又極可能缺乏養(yǎng)育的精力和能力。這種親情和關(guān)懷的缺失，已嚴(yán)重影響了留守兒童的心理健康發(fā)展。更為嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)是，留守兒童群體還在不斷擴大。據(jù)最新統(tǒng)計，目前全國農(nóng)村留守兒童人數(shù)已達6102萬，占全國兒童總數(shù)的21.88%，比五年前增加了近300萬人。如何讓這些占全國兒童總

21、人數(shù)超過五分之一的孩子們更健康成長，不僅是對弱勢群體應(yīng)有的關(guān)愛，更是社會健康發(fā)展的必要條件。 The left-behind children easily suffer from the lack of emotional support. Since their parents are migrant workers, they are mostly left in the care of their grandparents, relatives or family friends. Unlike other children, they dont have their parents

22、to care for them, and much too often , their grandparents dont have the energy or capability to look after them. The absence of such support and care seriously influences the healthy psychological development of these children. An even more pressing issue is the fact that the number of the left-behi

23、nd children is still growing. According to the latest statistics, the number has reached 61.02 million, which is three million more than five years ago, accounting for 21.88 percent of Chinas children. Giving them a healthy upbringing isnt just about providing this vulnerable group with the care the

24、y are entitled to and deserveit is also a prerequisite to the healthy development of Chinese society.,中國快遞服務(wù)(courier service)一年遞送大約120億件包裹，這使中國有可能趕超美國成為世界上最大的快遞市場。大多數(shù)包裹里裝著網(wǎng)上訂購的物品。中國給數(shù)百萬在線零售商以極具競爭力的價格銷售商品的機會，僅在11月11日，中國消費者就在國內(nèi)最大的購物平臺買了價值90億美元的商品。中國有不少這樣的特殊購物日，因此，快遞能在中國擴展就不足為奇了。 Chinas express courier

25、 service will deliver about 12 billion packages one year，which will make it possible for China to overtake the United States as the worlds largest express market. Most packages are filled with items ordered online. China provides opportunities to millions of online retailers to sell goods at very co

26、mpetitive prices. Only on November 11th, Chinese consumers bought goods worthy of$ 9 billion from the nations largest shopping platform. There are many such special shopping days in China. As a result, it is no surprise at all that the expansion of express can take place in China.,臺灣地區(qū)也試圖成為創(chuàng)始成員。不過尚不

27、清楚中國大陸會如何反應(yīng)。臺灣地區(qū)和中國沒有“外交關(guān)系”。但是自2008年馬英九“總統(tǒng)選舉”以來，兩岸關(guān)系有所改善。此外雙方正致力于一項貿(mào)易協(xié)議的細(xì)節(jié)。不過，中國大陸對臺灣地區(qū)影響力增加，這仍然讓臺灣地區(qū)民眾非常反對。 美國和日本對亞洲基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資銀行的管理表示了擔(dān)憂。美國一直督促各國在加入前考慮該銀行的管理和以及社會和環(huán)境政策等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的細(xì)節(jié)部分。批評人士表示，亞投行威脅到了現(xiàn)有開發(fā)銀行的運轉(zhuǎn)，例如世界銀行、國際貨幣基金組織和亞洲開發(fā)銀行。 Taiwan also sought to become a founding member. But it is not clear how China w

28、ill react. Taiwan and China do not have diplomatic ties. But, relations have improved since the election of President Ma Ying-jeou in 2008. The two sides also are working on details of a trade agreement. However, popular opposition in Taiwan to mainland Chinas increased influence on the island remai

29、ns very strong. The U.S. and Japan have said they are concerned about the governance of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, or AIIB. The United States has urged countries to consider details about the banks governance and standards - its social and environmental policy - before joining. Critic

30、s say the AIIB threatens the work of existing development banks such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and the Asian Development Bank.,中國人自古以來就在中秋時節(jié)慶祝豐收，這與北美地區(qū)慶祝感恩節(jié)的習(xí)俗十分相似。過中秋節(jié)的習(xí)俗于唐代早期在中國各地開始流行，中秋節(jié)在農(nóng)歷八月十五，是人們拜月的節(jié)日，這天夜晚皓月當(dāng)空，人們合家團聚，共賞明月。2006年，中秋節(jié)被列為中國的文化遺產(chǎn)，2008年又被定為公共假日，月餅被視為中秋節(jié)不可或缺的美

31、食，人們將月餅作為禮物饋贈親友或在家庭聚會上享用。傳統(tǒng)的月餅上帶有“壽”(longevity)、“?！被颉昂汀钡茸謽?。 Since ancient times, the Chinese have celebrated the harvest during mid-Autumn. It is quite similar to the celebration of Thanksgiving in North America. The custom of celebrating it as a festival started to gain popularity all over during t

32、he early Tang dynasty. The festival falls on the 15th day of the eighth month of the lunar calendar. It is a festival on which people worship the moon. On this day, a full bright moon hangs in the sky and families get together enjoy the bright moon. The Mid-Autumn festival as was listed as Chinas cu

33、ltural heritage in 2006, and made a public holiday in 2008. Moon cakes are regarded as an indispensable delicacy during the Mid-Autumn Festival. They are given as gifts to relatives and friends or eaten at family gatherings. Traditional mooncakes bear on top the Chinese characters for “l(fā)ongevity”, “

34、happiness” or “harmony”.,聞名于世的絲綢之路是一系列連接?xùn)|西方的路線。絲綢之路延伸6,000多公里，得名于古代中國的絲綢貿(mào)易。絲綢之路上的貿(mào)易在中國、南亞、歐洲和中東文明發(fā)展中發(fā)揮著重要作用。正是通過絲綢之路，中國的造紙、火藥、指南針、印刷術(shù)傳遍各地。同樣，中國的絲綢、茶葉和瓷器也傳遍全球。物質(zhì)文化的交流是雙向的，歐洲也是通過絲綢之路出口各種商品和植物，滿足中國市場的需要。 The world-famous Silk Road is a series of routes connecting the East and the West. Extending more t

35、han 6,000 kilometers, the Silk Road gets its name from the ancient Chinese silk trade. Trade on the Silk Road played a significant role in the development of the civilization of China, South Asia, Europe and the Middle East. It was through the Silk Road that the great ancient Chinese inventions of p

36、aper making, gunpowder, the compass and printing were introduced to the world. Likewise, Chinese silk, tea and porcelain were also spread throughout the globe. The exchanges of material culture went both ways, with Europe also exporting a wide range of goods and plants via the Silk Road to meet the

37、demands of the Chinese market.,中國園林(the Chinese garden)是經(jīng)過三千多年演變而成的獨具一格的園林景觀(landscape)。它既包括為皇室成員享樂而建造的大型花園，也包括學(xué)者、商人和卸任的政府官員為擺脫嘈雜的外部世界而建造的私家花園。這些花園構(gòu)成了一種意在表達人與自然之間應(yīng)有的和諧關(guān)系的微縮景觀。典型的中國園林四周有圍墻，園內(nèi)有池塘、假山(rockwork)、樹木、花草以及各種各樣由蜿蜒的小路和走廊連接的建筑。漫步在花園中，人們可以看到一系列精心設(shè)計的景觀猶如山水畫卷(scroll)一般展現(xiàn)在面前。 he Chinese garden is

38、a unique landscape which has evolved over 3,000 years. It includes both the vast gardens of the imperial family, built for pleasure, and the private gardens created by scholars, merchants, retired government officials to escape from the noisy outside world. They form a miniature landscape, which is

39、meant to express the harmony that should exist between man and nature. A typical Chinese garden is enclosed by walls and includes ponds, trees, and flowers and a variety of structures, connected by winding paths and corridors. Walking leisurely in the garden, one can see a series of carefully design

40、ed scenes unfold like a scroll of landscape paintings.,儒家思想 儒家思想(Confucianism)是中國影響最大的思想流派，也是中國古代的主流意識。自漢代以來，儒家思想就是封建統(tǒng)治階級(feudal ruling class)的指導(dǎo)思想之一。儒家思想的核心其實是一種人道主義(humanism )。它提倡自我修養(yǎng)，認(rèn)為人是可教化的、可完善的。儒家思想的一個宏大的目標(biāo)就是實現(xiàn)“大同社會”，在這樣的一個社會中，每個人都能扮演好自己的角色，并與他人維持良好的關(guān)系。 參考翻譯: Confucianism Confucianism is the l

41、argest Chinese school ofthoughts, and the mainstream consciousness ofthe ancient China. Confucianism had been one of theruling doctrines of the feudal ruling class since theHan Dynasty. The core of Confucianism is actually a kind of humanism. It advocates self-cultivation, and believes that human be

42、ings are teachable and improvable. A grand goal ofConfucianism is to achieve a harmonious society in which each individual plays his or her partwell, and maintains a good relationship with others.,在中國，就業(yè)方面的不平等現(xiàn)象仍然是一個嚴(yán)重的問題。性別歧視的根本原因是,“男尊女卑(female inferiority)”的錯誤觀念在許多人心目中仍根深蒂固。為了解決這個問題，應(yīng)該逐漸形成一種新的性別文化

43、，以增加兩性間的和諧，政府也應(yīng)該探索可以提升女性就業(yè)前景的市場機制。這是一個長期而艱巨的任務(wù)，需要所有政府部門的投人和協(xié)作。在家庭暴力(domestic violence)的問題上，完善法律體制將是解決這個問題的最好的辦法。 參考譯文: Inequality in employment is still a serious issue in China.The fundamental cause of gender discrimination is the incorrect idea of female inferiority that is still ingrained in many

44、 peoples minds.In solving this problem,a new gender culture should be cultivated to increase harmony between the two sexes and the government should explore market mechanisms that can promote womens job prospects.It is a long and arduous task that requires input and coordination from all government

45、agencies.On the issue of domestic violence,improving the legal system would be the best way to deal with it.,紅色 在中國文化中，紅色通常象征著好運、長壽和幸福，在春節(jié)和其他喜慶場合，紅色到處可見。人們把現(xiàn)金作為禮物送給家人或親密朋友時，通常放在紅信封里。紅色在中國流行的另一個原因是人們把它與中國革命和共產(chǎn)黨相聯(lián)系。然而，紅色并不總是代表好運與快樂。因為從前死者的名字常用紅色書寫，用紅墨水寫中國人名被看成是一種冒犯行為。 The color of red in Chinese cultu

46、re usually means good luck, longevity and happiness. Red can be found everywhere during Chinese Spring Festival and other joyous occasions. Cashes often in red envelopes are sent to family members or close friends as gifts. Its popularity can also be attributed the fact that people accociate it with

47、 Chinese revolution and Communist Party. However, it does not always equal to good luck and joy in that the name of the dead used to be written in red. Using red ink to write names of Chinese people were seen as an offense.,白色 隨著中國的改革開放，如今很多年輕人都喜歡舉行西式婚禮。新娘在婚禮上穿著白色婚紗，因為白色被認(rèn)為是純潔的象征。然而，在中國傳統(tǒng)文化中，白色經(jīng)常是葬禮

48、上使用的顏色。因此務(wù)必記住，白花一定不要用作祝人康復(fù)的禮物，尤其不要送給老年人或危重病人。同樣，禮金也不能裝在白色信封里，而要裝在紅色信封里。 With Chinas reform and opening up, many young people tend to hold Western-style weddings these days. The bride wears a white wedding dress at the wedding, because white is considered as a symbol of purity. However, in traditiona

49、l Chinese culture, white is often used in funerals, so be sure to remember that white flowers must not be used as a gift to the patient, especially not to the seniors or critically illed patients. Similarly, the cash gift cannot be packed in a white envelope, but in a red envelope.,黃色 在中國文化中，黃顏色是一種很

50、重要的顏色，因為它具有獨特的象征意義。在封建(feudal)社會中，它象征統(tǒng)治者的權(quán)力和權(quán)威。那時，黃色是專為皇帝使用的顏色，皇家宮殿全都漆成黃色，皇袍總是黃色的，而普通老百姓是禁止穿黃色衣服的。在中國，黃色也是收獲的象征。秋天莊稼成熟時，田野變得一片金黃。人們興高采烈，慶祝豐收。 The color of Yellow, because of its unique symbolic meaning, is very important in Chinese culture. In feudal society, it represents the rulers power and autho

51、rity. At that time, the color was exclusively used for the emperorthe royal palace was painted yellow and the imperial robe was always yellow. However, the ordinary people were forbidden to wear clothes of the color yellow. In China, it also signifies harvest. The fields grow golden yellow in autumn

52、 when the crops mature. People celebrate the harvest cheerfully.,功夫 功夫(Kung Fu)是中國武術(shù)(martial arts)的俗稱。中國武術(shù)的起源可以追溯到自衛(wèi)的需要、狩獵活動以及古代中國的軍事訓(xùn)練。它是中國傳統(tǒng)體育運動的一種，年輕人和老年人都練。它已逐漸演變成了中國文化的獨特元素。它作為中國的國寶，功夫有上百種不同的風(fēng)格，是世界上練得最多的武術(shù)形式。有些風(fēng)格模仿了動物的動作，還有一些則受到了中國哲學(xué)思想、神話和傳說的啟發(fā)。 Kung Fu is commonly known as the Chinese martial

53、arts, the origin of which can be traced back to the need of selfde-fense, hunting activities and military training in ancient China. It is one kind of Chinese traditional sports. The young and the old often practice it. It has gradually evolved into the unique elements of Chinese culture. As a natio

54、nal treasure of China, there are hundreds of different styles for Kung Fu, which is most common forms of martial arts. Some of styles imitate the movement of the animals, and some are inspired by Chinese philosophy, myths and legends.,風(fēng)箏 在山東省濰坊市，風(fēng)箏不僅僅是玩具，而且還是這座城市文化的標(biāo)志。濰坊以“風(fēng)箏之都”而聞名，已有將近2400年放飛風(fēng)箏的歷史。傳

55、說中古代哲學(xué)家墨子用了三年時間在濰坊制作了世界上首個風(fēng)箏，但放飛的第一天風(fēng)箏就墜落并摔壞了。也有人相信風(fēng)箏是中國古代木匠魯班發(fā)明的。據(jù)說他的風(fēng)箏用木頭和竹子制作，飛了三天才落地。 In the city of Weifang, Shandong province, kites are not just toys, but also a sign of the city culture. Weifang is famous for the kite, having a history of nearly 2400 years of flying kites. It is said that th

56、e ancient Chinese philosophers spent three years on making the first kite in the world , but the first day of the flying kites had dropped and broken. Some people believe that the kite was invented by ancient Chinese carpenter, Lu Ban. It has been said that his kite is made of wood and bamboo, falli

57、ng to the ground after flying three days.,烏鎮(zhèn) 烏鎮(zhèn)是浙江的一座古老水鎮(zhèn)，坐落在京杭大運河河畔。這是一處迷人的地方，有許多古橋、中式旅店和餐館。在過去一千年里，烏鎮(zhèn)的水系和生活方式并未經(jīng)歷多少變化，是一座展現(xiàn)古文明的博物館。烏鎮(zhèn)所有房屋都用石木建筑。數(shù)百年來，當(dāng)?shù)匮刂舆吔ㄆ鹆俗≌图?。無數(shù)寬敞美麗的庭院藏身于屋舍之間，游客們每到一處都會有驚喜的發(fā)現(xiàn)。 Located on the riverside of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, Wuzhen of Zhejiang Province is an anci

58、ent water town. It is a fascinating place with many bridges, Chinese hotels and restaurants. Over the past millennium, the water system and the way of life in Wuzhen has not changed much. Wuzhen is a museum of ancient civilization. All the houses of Wuzhen are built of stone and wood. For centuries,

59、 the locals built dwellings and markets along the river. Countless beautiful and spacious courtyards hide between houses. Visitors will be taken by pleasant surprise wherever they go.,麗江 云南省的麗江古鎮(zhèn)是著名的旅游目的地之一。那里的生活節(jié)奏比大多數(shù)中國城市都要緩慢。麗江到處都是美麗的自然風(fēng)光，眾多的少數(shù)民族同胞提供了各式各樣、豐富多彩的文化讓游客體驗。歷史上，麗江還以“愛之城”而聞名。當(dāng)?shù)厝酥辛鱾髦S多關(guān)于因愛而生，為愛而死的故事。如今，在中外游客眼中，這個古鎮(zhèn)被視為愛情和浪漫的天堂。 The ancient town of Lijiang in Yunnan province is one of the famous tourist destinations。 Its living rhythm is slower than that of most other Chinese cities。 Lijiang is full of natural beautiful sceneries， where numerous mino