現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)03027

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一、引入：-Did you visit Beijing before? -Yes, I did. -No, I didnt. Have you ever visited Beijing? Yes, I _. No, I _. Have you ever been to Beijing? Yes, I _. No, I _.二、定義:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或仍在持續(xù)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)；強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或聯(lián)系。三、 結(jié)構(gòu):have/has+p.p.(動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞) 接觸一：肯定句式 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句式是“have（has）過(guò)去分詞”。如： We have just finished

2、 our homework She has gone home 注意：1）該句式中的have或has是助動(dòng)詞，has用于第三人稱單數(shù)，其它人稱一律用have。 2）該句式中have（has）和過(guò)去分詞之間可用just插入。 3）把該句式譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往用“已經(jīng)”、“剛剛”、“過(guò)”或“了”等。 接觸二：否定句式：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句式是“havent（hasnt）過(guò)去分詞”。如： We havent studied Unit 2 yet The train hasnt stopped yet接觸三：疑問(wèn)句式 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句式是把助動(dòng)詞have或has提到主語(yǔ)之前。 Have you rea

3、d this story book yet？ 特殊疑問(wèn)句及反意疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)如下： What have you done with my bike? Youve read this story book, havent you? 注意：1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句往往在句末加yet。 2）把現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往譯成“過(guò)嗎？”、“已經(jīng)了嗎？”等。 3）其肯定回答用“Yes，have（has）”，否定回答用“No，havent（hasnt）”，有時(shí)用“No，not yet”或“No，never”。 四、過(guò)去分詞（規(guī)則ed）1）Worked，visited，asked，played，st

4、ayed 2）liked lived moved3）stopped dropped robbed planned， preferred 4）carried，worried，tried，cried五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與一些詞、詞組連用 :1、ever（曾）、never（未曾）、already（已經(jīng)） 、 yet（仍、還）、just （剛剛）、before（以前)2、for +一段時(shí)間 : for two days 有兩天了3. in the past/last一段時(shí)間 : in the past ten years 在剛過(guò)去的十年里4. since + 過(guò)去某一個(gè)時(shí)間: since 1991 : 自

5、從1991年到現(xiàn)在 一段時(shí)間 + ago since 14 years ago: 自從14年前到現(xiàn)在 一般過(guò)去時(shí)句子: since I was born : 自從我出生到現(xiàn)在already, yet, ever, never, just的用法Already 肯定句，強(qiáng)調(diào)已經(jīng)的意,放句中或句末. I have already finished my homework.= I have finished my homework already.yet 否定句、問(wèn)句，表示還沒(méi)，沒(méi)有的意思,放句末 He hasnt finished his homework yet. Has he finished

6、his homework yet?ever 問(wèn)句，表示曾經(jīng)的意思 Has John ever been to Zhuhai?never 含否定意思的肯定句，表示從沒(méi)的意思 He has never been to China.just 肯定句，表示剛剛的意思 I have just come back from China.練習(xí)：用already, yet, ever, never, just填空1. Have you seen the film ( )?2. Have you done your homework ( )? -Not ( ), I will do it after suppe

7、r.3. Have you ( ) been to England? -no, ( ).4. I have ( ) finished reading the book.5. I have ( ) paid for the car.for, since及how longFor + 時(shí)間段：表示某個(gè)動(dòng)作持續(xù)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間Joey has been in New York for 10 years.Since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)（具體時(shí)間/ ago/ 某個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間 ）：表示某個(gè)動(dòng)作是從什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始的，間接地表示這個(gè)動(dòng)作持續(xù)的時(shí)間Joey has been in New York since 1996.Jo

8、ey has been in New York since ten years ago.Joey has been in New York since he first arrived. 兩者都可以回答由How long引導(dǎo)的問(wèn)題。How long has Joey been in New York?練習(xí)：用for, since及how long填空1. The wind has blown ( ) 2 hours.2. The dog has stayed there ( ) it ate its dinner.3. ( ) has the old man lain in bed?4. Th

9、e teacher has thought about the problem ( ) yesterday.5. The horse has run ( ) quite a long time.6. The ducks have swum ( ) thirty minutes.7. The poor child has worn the old clothes ( ) 7 years old.六、have been to, have gone toHave (has) been to表示曾經(jīng)到過(guò)某地（通常現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了）My mother has been to London twice. 媽

10、媽去過(guò)兩次倫敦。（媽媽現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了，在家）Have (has) gone to 表示已經(jīng)去了某地（通常不在說(shuō)話的地方）My mother has gone to London. 媽媽去了倫敦。（媽媽現(xiàn)在就在倫敦，不在家）練習(xí)：1. Jenny is well-traveled. She has _ to Germany twice.2. Jane isnt in now. She has _ to the office. Can I take a message?3. My father is a successful businessman. Hes _ to many countries

11、.4. Its a dangerous place. Nobody has ever _there.5. The manager has _to Beijing. He will be back tomorrow.6. The tiger of the zoo is missing. None of us knows where it has_.have been to, have been in, have beenHave been to 去過(guò)某地，現(xiàn)在不在那里 I have been to Paris. Now I am staying in Zhuhai.Have been in 一直

12、呆在某地，后接地點(diǎn) I came to Zhuhai in 2004. So I have been in Zhuhai for 2 years already.Have been 后接名詞和表狀態(tài)的詞組 I have been a teacher since 2004. I have been at No. 4 Middle School for 2 years.練習(xí)：1.A: Wheres Jim, Li Lei?B: He _the school library.2.The Greens _China for three years. We _the Great Wall twice.

13、Its very beautiful.1. Some of us have _ Zhuhai for only a week.2. Susan has _ in this band for over five years.3. My father has _Guangdong several times.4. It has _a long time since I first met Johnny.5. He loves Zhuhai and he has _ there quite a few times.6. Judie has always_a good student and her

14、classmates like her.7. Tony has _ America before, so this time he will travel to France.8. Bettys _ at home for three days. She doesnt feeling like going out.9. The boss has _ the office since early this morning. He works hard.七、瞬間動(dòng)詞和持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用于完成時(shí)的區(qū)別 延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷； 瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)果，不能與表示段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 He has compl

15、eted the work.他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。 (表結(jié)果) Julia has borrowed the book. Julia已經(jīng)借了那本書(shū)。 Ive known him since then. 我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。(表經(jīng)歷) Julia has kept the book for 3 days. Julia已借了三天這本書(shū)了。瞬間動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,但是他可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.1.直接用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞buy have catch(get) a cold have a cold borrowkeep Come/go /becomebe put on- wear2.轉(zhuǎn)換

16、成be+名詞 join the army be a soldierJoin the Party be a Party membergo to school be a student 3轉(zhuǎn)換成be+形容詞或副詞 diebe dead finish be over beginbe on leavebe away fall sleep be asleep close be closed4.轉(zhuǎn)換成 be+介詞短語(yǔ) go to school be in school join the army be in the army1.我們買這本書(shū)三年了.We have had the book for thre

17、e years.We bought the book three years ago2.他感冒三天了.He has had a cold for three days.He caught a cold three days ago.1. His uncle _ (die) for two years.2.He left his hometown three years ago. (改為同義句) He _ _ _ _ his hometown for three years.瞬間動(dòng)詞和持續(xù)動(dòng)詞的練習(xí) 判斷正誤：1. Ann has become a teacher for 4 years.2.

18、Maria has borrowed the CD from me for a over a week.3. Jeff hasnt had a day off since last Monday.4. Norman has put the machine right for a few hours.5. The students have finished the homework for a while.6. The front door has been open for 8 hours already.7. The meeting has lasted for two hours and a half.8. Berry has been late for school several times this term.9. I have met Philip once.10. The Greens have e