高中英語(yǔ)句子成分基本句型精品課件.ppt

1、句子成分及結(jié)構(gòu),While small may be beautiful, tall is just plain uncomfortable it seems, particularly when it comes to staying in hotels and eating in restaurants. The Tall Persons Club Great Britain (TPCGB), which was formed six months ago to campaign for the needs of the tall, has turned its attention to

2、hotels and restaurants. Beds that are too small, shower heads that are too low, and restaurant tables with hardly any leg-room all make life difficult for those of above average height, it says. (2011高考閱讀B),*句子成分由詞或詞組充當(dāng),英語(yǔ)的基本成分有七種：_和_,主語(yǔ)（subject）、,謂語(yǔ)（predicate）、,表語(yǔ)（predicative）、,賓語(yǔ)（object）、,定語(yǔ)（attri

3、bute）、,狀語(yǔ)(adverbial),補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（complement）。,英語(yǔ)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。,掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。,一： （主謂） 二： （主系表） 三： （主謂賓） 四： （主謂間賓直賓） 五： （主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）,基本句型 一： （主謂）,主語(yǔ)：可以作主語(yǔ)的成分有名詞，主格代詞，動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞等等。主語(yǔ)一般在句首。,謂語(yǔ)：謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成，是英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)變化的主角，一般在主語(yǔ)之后。不及物動(dòng)詞（vi.）沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，形成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，,如：We come., （不及物動(dòng)詞）,1. The sunrose. 2. Who

4、cares? 3. What he said does not matter. 4. They talked for half an hour. 5. The pen writes smoothly 6. Wherever you go, Ill be right here waiting.,此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，即句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 都能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞， 后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句等。,基本句型 二： （主系表）,此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)：句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語(yǔ)身份或狀態(tài)的表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞

5、叫做連系動(dòng)詞。,系動(dòng)詞分兩類：be, look, keep, seem, remain等，表情況；get, grow, become, turn等屬另一類，表變化。 be 本身沒(méi)有什么意義,只起連系主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的作用。其它系動(dòng)詞仍保持其部分詞義。,感官動(dòng)詞多可用作連系動(dòng)詞：look well面色好, sound nice聽(tīng)起來(lái)不錯(cuò),feel good感覺(jué)好，smell bad難聞, taste nice好吃, （是系動(dòng)詞） （表語(yǔ)）,1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. He fell il

6、l. 4. Everything looks different. 5. He is growing tall and strong. 6. Our well has gone dry. 7. His face turned red. 8. She looks as if she were drunk.,*There be 結(jié)構(gòu)： There be 表示存在有。這里的there沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義，不可與副詞there那里混淆。 此結(jié)構(gòu)后跟名詞，表示（存在）有某事物,試比較：There is a boy there.（那兒有一個(gè)男孩。） 前一個(gè)there無(wú)實(shí)意，后一個(gè)there為副詞那里。,基本句型

7、三： （主謂賓）,此句型句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，即動(dòng)作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞。, （及物動(dòng)詞） （賓語(yǔ)）,1. Who knows the answer? 2. He has refused to help them. 3. He enjoys reading. 4. He said Good morning. 5. He admits that he was mistaken.,I dont know,him.,He has finished his work,that he has finis

8、hed his work. whether he has finished his work.,賓語(yǔ)從句,He is leaving for Washington.,that he is leaving for Washington. when he is leaving for Washington. why he is leaving for Washington. how he is leaving for Washington. whether he is leaving for Washington.,基本句型 四： （主謂間賓直賓）,有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，eg：give/pa

9、ss/bring/show。這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)通常一個(gè)指人(間接賓語(yǔ))；一個(gè)指物(直接賓語(yǔ))。,-Give me a cup of tea please. -Show this house to Mr. Smith. -Bring it to me, please.,加介詞to的動(dòng)詞有：give /bring /take /hand /lend /pass /read /tell /send /show /teach /write /do 等 加介詞for的動(dòng)詞有：fetch /find /pay /sing /buy /choose / find /get /make等, （及物） （多指人） （多

10、指物）,She ordered herself a new dress. I will fetch you a hat. 3. He brought you a dictionary. 4. I showed him my pictures. 5. I told him that the bus was late. 6. I told him what I had thought. 7. He showed me how to run the machine.,基本句型 五： （主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）,此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成

11、分來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ)，才能使意思完整。,賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：位于賓語(yǔ)之后對(duì)賓語(yǔ)作出說(shuō)明的成分。可以用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的有名詞，形容詞，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，分詞，介詞短語(yǔ)等。,The war made him a soldier. New methods make the job easy. I often find him at work. The teacher ask the students to close the windows. I saw a cat running across the road. Years of hard work have made her what she is now.,名詞

12、/代詞賓格 + n./adj./ 介詞短語(yǔ)/動(dòng)詞不定式/分詞,(make/get/have/let/cause/see/find/consider/think), （及物） （賓語(yǔ)） （賓補(bǔ)）,1. They painted the door green. 2. This set them thinking. 3. They found the house deserted. 4. He asked me to come back soon. 5. I saw them playing near the river.,a，主謂 b， 主系表 c，主謂賓 d，主謂雙賓 e，主謂賓賓補(bǔ),1，Ple

13、ase tell us a story._ 2, She smiled._ 3. I have a lot work to do._ 4. His job is to train swimmers._ 5. He noticed a man enter the room._ 6. Please look at the picture._,d,a,c,b,e,c,to do/do/doing作補(bǔ)語(yǔ),使動(dòng)用詞等+賓+賓補(bǔ)的總結(jié) see類 （notice /watch /hear /feel ）/have + sb + do/ doing get /leave + sb +to do / doing

14、 make /let + sb +do keep /catch /find + sb +doing send + sb + doing 使賓語(yǔ)突然進(jìn)入某種狀態(tài) (send +sb +to do 派),to do/do/doing作補(bǔ)語(yǔ),區(qū)別： 1、When I passed by, I heard him the piano. 2、Now, let me hear you the piano for a second time. 3、我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)鈴聲在響。 I heard the bell ringing. 4、你聽(tīng)見(jiàn)鈴聲響過(guò)了嗎？ Did you hear the bell ring?,playi

15、ng,play,to do/do/doing作補(bǔ)語(yǔ),區(qū)別： 5、Shell have you all the housework if youre not careful. 6、“What did Professor Anderson tell you to do ?” “He had us all morning.” A. practice B. to practice C. practicing D. practiced 7、If you dont put a fence round your garden, youll have people in and stealing your f

16、ruit. 如果你不在花園周圍安上柵欄，就會(huì)有人進(jìn)去偷你的水果。,do /doing,C,walking,to do/do/doing作補(bǔ)語(yǔ),區(qū)別： 8、Get her for dinner if you can. 9、Cant you see it baby? Youve got me crazy. 10、I left her the decision. 我讓她做決定。 11、The sad movie left me . 這部悲慘的電影使我哭了。 12、-Why did you go back to the shop? -I left my friend there. A. waiting

17、 B. to wait C. wait D. waits,going,to make,crying,A,to stay,to do/do/doing作補(bǔ)語(yǔ),區(qū)別： 13. The news left me what would happen next. 14. She left me _ in the rain. 15. Dont leave me _ it to him. 16. The teacher sent the monitor_ some chalk. 17. The shots sent the birds in all directions.,wondering,to fetc

18、h,flying,waiting,to explain,to do/do/doing作補(bǔ)語(yǔ),總結(jié)： Asee 類動(dòng)詞 + sb + doing + do Bhave + sb + do /doing 一般情況下，do /doing 意義基本相同，但若強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行(如例6)或表示have 的主語(yǔ)無(wú)意地引起某人可能去做某事（如例7），則用doing. Cget /leave + sb + to do + doing ,使動(dòng)用詞等+賓+賓補(bǔ)的其他?？挤较?A 1、Ill the car. 2、Can you the clock again? 3、How can you the water? 4、

19、He continued to sleep, the alarm. have /get /leave +賓語(yǔ) +賓補(bǔ),get going,get going,have running,leaving,ringing,使動(dòng)用詞等+賓+賓補(bǔ)的其他?？挤较?B以上涉及的內(nèi)容均為賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，若賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系呢？ 1、hear the song sung by him . 2、keep your mouth shut. 3、find many trees cut down. 4、have your hair done up. Have her handbag stolen. 5、ge

20、t the bike repaired by Pad. get my car started. get his leg broken.,使動(dòng)用詞等+賓+賓補(bǔ)的其他?？挤较?B以上涉及的內(nèi)容均為賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，若賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系呢？ 6、leave the work half-done. leave the window shut /closed /open. 7、“I cant see the blackboard very well.” “Perhaps you need .” A. to examine your eyes B. to have your eyes exami

21、ned C. to have examined your eyes D. to be examined your eyes ,B,使動(dòng)用詞等+賓+賓補(bǔ)的其他?？挤较?C.此類結(jié)構(gòu)綜合為： 使動(dòng)詞+賓+賓補(bǔ) 若賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，一般用done 的形式，有時(shí)也會(huì)用到 being done 的形式。 When I got home, I noticed the chicken soup being prepared. When I got home, I noticed the chicken soup prepared. 思考：賓補(bǔ)的形式會(huì)用到having done 和having bee

22、n done 嗎？,使動(dòng)用詞等+賓+賓補(bǔ)的其他?？挤较?D.此類結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng) 1. His brother made him cry. He was made to cry. 2. We found him lying on the floor. He was found lying on the floor. 3. He has kept me waiting long. I have been kept long. 4. The man was caught . 5. The papers were left around. 賓補(bǔ) 主補(bǔ) do to do; to do to do; doin

23、g doing.,waiting,selling drugs,lying,主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后,賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)變成主補(bǔ).,I last saw him playing near the river.,He was last seen_.,The teacher caught the student cheating in the exam.,The student was caught_.,We made him monitor.,He was made monitor.,He pushed the door open.,The door was pushed open.,playing nea

24、r the river,cheating in the exam,I last saw him jump into the river.,He was last seen_.,to jump into the river,Dont have the water _(run). I noticed a man _(break) into the house and called the police. I noticed the house _ (break) into and called the police. Tom had his leg _ (break) in the acciden

25、t. Her parents left her _ (choose) her own friends.,running,break,broken,broken,to choose,6. His parents passed away, leaving him _ (burden) with a lot of debts. 7.The angry boss went away, leaving him _ (stand) there. 8. I didnt get the project _(finish) until my boss returned from his trip to Lond

26、on. 9.I tried to make myself _ (understand) but in vain; the students were still at a loss. 10. The teacher caught the student _(cheat) in the exam.,burdened,standing,finished,understood,cheating,但常用的英語(yǔ)句子并不都象基本句型這樣簡(jiǎn)短，除了基本句型的成分不變外，通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語(yǔ)而加以擴(kuò)大。這些修飾語(yǔ)可以是單詞（adj./adv./num.數(shù)詞）短語(yǔ)（主要是介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短

27、語(yǔ)和分詞短語(yǔ)），我們稱之為：定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。也可以是從句，我們稱之為定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句。,定語(yǔ)：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。,Chen Susu is a chemistry teacher.（名詞） He is our friend. （代詞） We belong to the third world. （數(shù)詞） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容詞） The man over there is my old friend.(副詞) The boy in blue is Tom.(介詞) The boys playing

28、football are in Class 2. （現(xiàn)在分詞） The trees planted last year are growing well now. （過(guò)去分詞） I have an idea to do it well. （不定式） You should do everything that I do. （定語(yǔ)從句）,狀語(yǔ)：用來(lái)修飾v., adj., adv., 或者句子。 表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。,I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room. T

29、he meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well. He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like you very much. If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well.,Exercises 一、分析下列句子成分 1. Our school

30、 is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you 3. All of us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes. 5. He broke a piece of glass. 6. He made it clear that he would leave the city 7. I love you more than her child 8. Tees turn green when spring

31、 comes. 9. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.,11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12.All the students think highly of his teaching 13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He asked us to sing an English song. 15. Dont get nervou

32、s；help yourself to what you like 16.We will make our school more beautiful. 17. He didnt comeThat is why he didnt know 18. She showed us many of her pictures. 19. The old man lives a lonely life. 20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.,21. The cars made in Japan are bet

33、ter than those in Germany 22. There are so many people in the hall that its hard for me to find him 23. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfill it this month. 24. Go back where you came from. 25. We must do whatever the people want us to do. 26. At last he got home, tired and hungry

34、. 27. Would you please pass me the cup? 28. Mary handed her homework to the teacher. 29. Do you know the latest news about him? 30. Ill get my hair cut tomorrow.,While small may be beautiful, tall is just plain uncomfortable it seems, particularly when it comes to staying in hotels and eating in res

35、taurants. The Tall Persons Club Great Britain (TPCGB), which was formed six months ago to campaign for the needs of the tall, has turned its attention to hotels and restaurants. Beds that are too small, shower heads that are too low, and restaurant tables with hardly any leg-room all make life diffi

36、cult for those of above average height, it says. (2011高考閱讀B),二、翻 譯 練 習(xí)： （一）主謂結(jié)構(gòu) （ 主語(yǔ) 不及物動(dòng)詞 ） 1你應(yīng)當(dāng)努力學(xué)習(xí)。 2她昨天回家很晚。 3那天早上我們談了很多。 4會(huì)議將持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí)。 5在最近十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變 化。 6這種事情全世界各地每天都在發(fā)生。 7 . 1919年，在北京爆發(fā)了“五.四”運(yùn)動(dòng)。 8. 每天八時(shí)開(kāi)始上課。 9. 五年前我住在北京。,（二）主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu) （主語(yǔ) 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ) ） 1.昨晚我寫(xiě)了一封信。 2.今天下午我想同你談?wù)劇?3.這本書(shū)他讀過(guò)多次了。 4.他們成功

37、地完成了計(jì)劃。 5.你們必須在兩周內(nèi)看完這些書(shū)。 6.那位先生能流利地說(shuō)三種語(yǔ)言。 7.我收到了筆友從澳大利亞寄來(lái)的信。 8 .Jim 還不會(huì)自己穿衣服。 9.我們大家都相信Jack 是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)男孩。 10.他不知道說(shuō)什麼好。,（三）主系表結(jié)構(gòu) （主語(yǔ) 系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ) ） 1我的兄弟都是大學(xué)生。 2冬季白天短，夜晚長(zhǎng)。 3布朗夫人看起來(lái)很健康。 4十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。 5孩子們，請(qǐng)保持安靜。 6這本書(shū)是有關(guān)美國(guó)歷史的書(shū)。 7她的工作是在幼兒園里照看兒童。 8他失業(yè)了。 9樹(shù)葉已經(jīng)變黃了。 10這個(gè)報(bào)告聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有意思。,（四）雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) （主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ) ） 1 Johnson

38、 先生去年教我們德語(yǔ)。 2. 奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個(gè)有趣的故事。 3. Mary把錢(qián)包交給校長(zhǎng)了。 4. 請(qǐng)把那本字典遞給我好嗎？ 5. 他把車票給列車員看。 6. 這個(gè)學(xué)期我已經(jīng)給父母寫(xiě)過(guò)三封信了。 7. 我父親已經(jīng)給我買(mǎi)了一輛新自行車。 8. Robinson Crusoe 給自己做了一只小船。 9. 請(qǐng)你給我弄一本新的，好嗎？ 10. 我替你叫輛出租汽車好嗎？,（五）復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) （主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) ） 1我們叫她Alice. 2他的父母給他取名為John. 3我們大家都認(rèn)為他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。 4他們把門(mén)推開(kāi)了。 5他們把小偷釋放了。 6我們要使學(xué)校變得更美麗。 7他請(qǐng)我們參加做游戲。 8我要你把真相告訴我。 9衛(wèi)兵命令我們立即離開(kāi)。 10明天我要找人來(lái)修理機(jī)器。,11每天早晨我們都聽(tīng)到他大聲朗讀英語(yǔ)。 12痛苦使得他叫喊起來(lái)。 13我們不會(huì)讓她在晚上外出的。 14他每個(gè)月理一次發(fā)。 15我要請(qǐng)人把我的錄音機(jī)修理一下。 16那可