山東省威海市2024-2025學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末考試英語試題 含解析

高二英語本試卷共10頁。滿分150分?？荚囉脮r120分鐘。注意事項：1.答卷前，務(wù)必用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆將自己的姓名、座號、考生號填寫在答題卡上。2.選擇題，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑：如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。筆答題，用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆將答案寫在答題卡上。不能答在本試卷上，否則無效。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodotonight?A.Enjoyashow.B.Makesomecoffee.C.Setofffireworks.2.WhatisTheCatGod?A.Asong.B.Amovie.C.Adrama.3.WhydoesthewomansupportJim?A.He’sresponsible.B.He’shard-working.C.He’sexperienced.4.Wherewillthewomantakehersonthenextday?A.Acampingsite.B.Awildlifepark.C.Adanceschool.5.Whichperformancedoesthemanprefer?A.Themagicshow.B.Thecrosstalk.C.Thefolkdance.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whyisthewomantakingacourseincomputerscience?A.Forherinterest.B.Foragame.C.Forfurtherstudy.7.Whatcoursewillthemanprobablychoose?A.Ayogacourse.B.Achesscourse.C.Acomputercourse.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whydoesthewomantalktotheman?A.Tointroduceafestival.B.Toseeksomeadvice.C.Tosendaninvitation.9Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Gotothelibrary.B.Giveapresentation.C.Preparedifferentliquids.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatisthewoman’smainproblem?A.Toomuchstress.B.Poortimemanagement.C.Lackoffocus.11.Whatistheman’sfirstadviceforthewoman?A.Settingrealisticgoals.B.Makingadailyschedule.C.Focusingonthemostimportanttasks.12.Whatdoesthe“A”in“SMARTgoals”standfor?AAttractive.B.Adaptable.C.Achievable.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.WhatwasMr.Gehrymostlikelytobefiveyearsago?A.Avolunteer.B.Ananimalexpert.C.Asoftwareengineer.14.WhatwasthebiggestprobleminsettingupWarmNest?A.Gettingapermit.B.Raisingenoughmoney.C.Formingasupportiveteam.15.HowmanyvolunteerswerethereinWarmNestfiveyearsago?A.Aroundten.B.Aroundfifty.C.Aroundonehundred.16.WhatisthedailyfocusofWarmNest?A.Buildinghomesforanimals.B.Givingtreatmenttoanimals.C.Offeringpetownerstraining.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WhatmakestheLakeDistrictfamousaccordingtothesurvey?A.Itssocialmediainfluence.B.Itsuniqueattractions.C.Itsplentyoflakes.18.WhatisrecommendedtowintervisitorsintheLakeDistrict?A.Enjoyingwatersportsactivities.B.VisitingplacesforpostcardDIY.C.Tryingpubswithdeliciousroasts.19.HowcanavisitorsavemoneybyDecember2024?A.Bygettingonlinediscounts.B.Bytravellingasafamilyunit.C.Bybuyingtwo-poundbustickets.20.Whatisthepurposeofthetalk?A.TolistpopularlakesintheUK.B.ToattractvisitorstotheLakeDistrict.C.TointroducewinteractivitiesintheLakeDistrict.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ARecentlyOxfordDictionariesreleasedthisyear’slistofnewwordsthatduetopopularusehadmadetheirwayintothedictionary;proofoftheirwidespreadexistence.ThinglishKidsin2025findwholesentencesdifficult,sohavedoneawaywithverbsandadjectivescompletelytocommunicateusingjustnouns—viasocialmediaplatforms.Mostparentsdopointoutthatteenagershaveinfactbeencommunicatinginsinglewordsfordecades,sothisdoesn’treallyfeeltoodifferent.DronershipTheinformal“finderskeepers”lawthatmeansifadrone(無人機(jī))crashlandsinyourbackyard,thenit’syours.Intendedtobearesponsetowayward(任性的)andcarelessdroneoperators,governmentshaverefusedtomakethelawofficial,astheyareconcerneditwillencourageresidentstoactivelytryandbringdowndronesbyanymeanspossible.SpudditeApersonwhorefusestolearnhowtouseapotatoforlighting.Alsoknownas“starch-enemies”,theseindividualsareoftenmanufacturers(制造商)oflightbulbs,whohaveseentheirmarketsharedecreasesharplyeversinceitwasfoundthatpotatoescouldbeusedtolighthomes,officesandevenstreets.Withapotatousing733%lessenergythananenergysavingbulb,it’snothardtoseewhythey’dbethatfrustrated…1.WhatmightbethemainreasonbehindtheappearanceofThinglish?A.Theeaseoflanguageuse. B.Thelong-standinghabit.C.Thedeclineinvocabulary. D.Theoveruseofsocialmedia.2.Whomightbecalled“starchenemies”?A.Potatofarmers. B.Crasheddronekeepers.C.Lightbulbproducers. D.Single-wordcommunicators.3.Whyarethesewordsincludedindictionaries?A.Becauseofculturalinfluence. B.Becauseoftheiruniqueness.C.Becauseoflanguageevolution. D.Becauseoftheirwidespreadusage.【答案】1.A2.C3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了三個被收入《牛津詞典》的新詞。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Kidsin2025findwholesentencesdifficult,sohavedoneawaywithverbsandadjectivescompletelytocommunicateusingjustnouns—viasocialmediaplatforms.Mostparentsdopointoutthatteenagershaveinfactbeencommunicatinginsinglewordsfordecades,sothisdoesn’treallyfeeltoodifferent.(2025年的孩子會發(fā)現(xiàn)完整的句子很困難，所以他們已經(jīng)完全放棄了動詞和形容詞，只使用名詞交流——通過社交媒體平臺。大多數(shù)父母確實指出，青少年實際上幾十年來一直在用單一的詞語交流，所以這感覺上并沒有太大的不同)”可知，Thinglish出現(xiàn)的主要原因是語言的易用性。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Alsoknownas“starch-enemies”,theseindividualsareoftenmanufacturers(制造商)oflightbulbs,whohaveseentheirmarketsharedecreasesharplyeversinceitwasfoundthatpotatoescouldbeusedtolighthomes,officesandevenstreets.(這些人也被稱為“淀粉敵人”，他們通常是燈泡的制造商，自從人們發(fā)現(xiàn)土豆可以用來為家庭、辦公室甚至街道照明以來，他們的市場份額急劇下降)”可知，燈泡生產(chǎn)商可能被稱為“淀粉敵人”。故選C。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“RecentlyOxfordDictionariesreleasedthisyear’slistofnewwordsthatduetopopularusehadmadetheirwayintothedictionary;proofoftheirwidespreadexistence.(最近，《牛津詞典》公布了今年因廣泛使用而被收入詞典的新詞名單；證明其廣泛存在)”可知，這些詞被收錄在字典里是因為它們的廣泛使用。故選D。BWhenIfirstjoinedFacebook,Isawitasacoolwaytokeepintouchwithmyfriendsandfamily.Intheearlydays,IhadlargelypositiveviewsandfeelingswhenIwentontheapp.Butovertime,thingschangedfortheworse.Besidesgettingboredoftheapp,otherbigproblemscameup.Firstly,Facebookweakenedmycreativity.BecauseIwasspendingsomuchtimeonFacebook,Iwasn’tdoinganywherenearasmuchasIcouldhavebeenwithmybigcreativedreamsandideas.AndevenwhenIdid,itwasinserviceofsocialmedia(forexample,ItookphotosthatwouldgetlikesfrommyFacebookfriendsinsteadofwhatIactuallywantedtocapture).FacebookalsomademefeelintenseFOMO(FearOfMissingOut),especiallywhenIsawhoweveryoneelsewasdoing.Forexample,Iquitmyjobandstartedmyfirstbusinessatatimewhenmyfriendsweregettingjobpromotions.WhileIknewthatleavingmyjobwastherightlong-termdecision,Iwasalsobrokeatthetime.Combinethatwithothersgettingpayrises,etc.,andyoucanseetheproblemhere.IalsofeltlikeIhadtopostwheneverIdidanythinginteresting.Forexample,ifIwastraveling,IhadtotellmyfriendswhereIwasgoing.SincedeletingFacebook,I’mmuchhappiernotfeelinglikeIneedtoshareallofmylife.ThisisoneofthebiggestmistakesyoucouldmakeonFacebook.DeletingmyFacebookaccountwasahugedecision,butIcansaywithcertaintythatitwasoneofmybestlong-termdecisions.Ihavebetterrelationshipswiththepeoplewhomatter,andI’mnolongerexposedtoanywherenearasmuchnegativityasIwas.Notoversharingmypersonallifeisalsoahugeadvantage.Isuggestdeletingyouraccountforthreemonthsandseeinghowyoufeelthereafter;ifyouenjoyyourlifeoffline,don’thesitatetopermanentlydeleteit.4.WhydidtheauthorstarttouseFacebook?A.Tostrengthenbonds. B.Toshareupdates.C.Toinspirecreativity. D.Togetlatestnews.5.WhatmadetheauthorfeelFOMO?A.Startingthefirstbusiness. B.Noticingthegapwithfriends.C.Strugglingtomakealiving. D.Losingtrackofformerfriends.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”refertoinparagraph4?A.Sharingallthelife. B.Postingsomethinginteresting.C.DeletingFacebook. D.Tellingfriendstraveldestinations.7.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Todiscusssocialmedia’sadvance. B.TolistnegativeeffectsofFacebook.C.Torecommendasocialmediadetox. D.TourgeimmediateremovalofFacebook.【答案】4.A5.B6.A7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者使用臉書（Facebook）的經(jīng)歷、感受以及最終決定刪除臉書賬戶的原因?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“WhenIfirstjoinedFacebook,Isawitasacoolwaytokeepintouchwithmyfriendsandfamily.(當(dāng)我第一次加入Facebook時，我認(rèn)為這是一種與朋友和家人保持聯(lián)系的很酷的方式)”可知，作者開始使用Facebook是為了加強(qiáng)聯(lián)系。故選A。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“FacebookalsomademefeelintenseFOMO(FearOfMissingOut),especiallywhenIsawhoweveryoneelsewasdoing.Forexample,Iquitmyjobandstartedmyfirstbusinessatatimewhenmyfriendsweregettingjobpromotions.WhileIknewthatleavingmyjobwastherightlong-termdecision,Iwasalsobrokeatthetime.Combinethatwithothersgettingpayrises,etc.,andyoucanseetheproblemhere.(Facebook也讓我產(chǎn)生了強(qiáng)烈的FOMO（害怕錯過），尤其是當(dāng)我看到其他人是怎么做的時候。例如，當(dāng)我的朋友們升職的時候，我辭去了工作，開始了我的第一次創(chuàng)業(yè)。雖然我知道，從長遠(yuǎn)來看，辭職是正確的決定，但當(dāng)時我也身無分文。把這一點(diǎn)與其他人加薪等結(jié)合起來，你就能看到問題所在了)”可知，注意到與朋友之間的差距讓作者產(chǎn)生了FOMO。故選B?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“IalsofeltlikeIhadtopostwheneverIdidanythinginteresting.Forexample,ifIwastraveling,IhadtotellmyfriendswhereIwasgoing.SincedeletingFacebook,I’mmuchhappiernotfeelinglikeIneedtoshareallofmylife.(我也覺得只要我做了什么有趣的事情，我就必須發(fā)布。例如，如果我要去旅行，我必須告訴我的朋友我要去哪里。自從刪除了Facebook后，我更開心了，因為我不需要分享我所有的生活)”可知，作者曾經(jīng)喜歡在Facebook上分享自己的生活，自從刪除了Facebook后，不需要分享所有的生活了，所以作者認(rèn)為在Facebook上可能犯的最大錯誤之一是分享生活。故劃線詞指的是“分享生活”。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“DeletingmyFacebookaccountwasahugedecision,butIcansaywithcertaintythatitwasoneofmybestlong-termdecisions.Ihavebetterrelationshipswiththepeoplewhomatter,andI’mnolongerexposedtoanywherenearasmuchnegativityasIwas.Notoversharingmypersonallifeisalsoahugeadvantage.Isuggestdeletingyouraccountforthreemonthsandseeinghowyoufeelthereafter;ifyouenjoyyourlifeoffline,don’thesitatetopermanentlydeleteit.(刪除我的Facebook賬戶是一個重大的決定，但我可以肯定地說，這是我最好的長期決定之一。我和重要的人有了更好的關(guān)系，我也不再像以前那樣暴露在任何地方的消極情緒中。不過度分享我的個人生活也是一個巨大的優(yōu)勢。我建議刪除你的賬戶三個月，然后看看你感覺如何；如果你喜歡離線生活，不要猶豫，把它永久刪除吧)”以及文章主要講述了作者使用臉書（Facebook）的經(jīng)歷、感受以及最終決定刪除臉書賬戶的原因。可知，文章的目的是建議戒掉社交媒體。故選C。CLastyear,thewordtodescribemuchoftheriseinfoodpriceswouldhavebeen“heatflation”,asdroughtandhightemperaturesaffectedcropyields(生產(chǎn)量)aroundtheworld,fromoliveoilinSpaintocabbageinSouthKorea.Thisyear,we’refacingadifferentconcept.Let’scallit“sogflation.”Ifheatflationreferstopriceincreasesasaresultofextremelyhightemperatures,sogflationisbornoutofextremeprecipitation.AreportpublishedinAprilshowedthatwhileEuropeexperiencedthehighestnumberofdayswithextremeheatstress,itwasalsooneofthewettestperiodsonrecordformanyplaces.Potatoesareattheforefrontofsogflation.Withjustoneplantingandoneharvestperyear.theconditionshavetobejustright.ButlastautumnpoorweatherconditionsforcedharvestingtostopinEuropeafterjustthreeweeks,aswetsoilmeantfarmerscouldn’tgetcropsoutoftheground.Europeanseatamongthehighestquantityofpotatoesperpersonofanyregionintheworld—about90kilogramsonaverageayear.Englishwhitepotatopricesareup81%year-over-year,anall-timehigh.InEurope,theNetherlandsandBelgium—twokeyregionsthatgrowprocessingpotatoesforfries—weretheworstaffected,withDutchprocessingpotatopricesattheirhighestlevelrecordedforUS$397permetricton.It’snotjustvegetablesandgrainsaffectedbythewetweather.Livestock(家畜)farmershaveseenhighdeathratesinlambs,whiledairycowsinaffectedareasareunabletobeturnedoutongrassreducingmilkyieldsandraisingproductioncosts.Foodproductionhasalwaysbeenatthemercyoftheelements.ButHarryCampbell,amarketanalyst,saidthat,asconsecutive(連續(xù)的)yearsofbadweatherpileup,it’sincreasinglyhardtorecoverfromapoorseason.Supplychainswillneedtobemoreflexible.andultimatelymorecomplex,tokeepfoodsuppliessecureatatimewhenonesuppliercouldbefacingfloodsandanotheraseriousdrought.8.Whatledto“sogflation”?A.Intenseheat. B.Seriousdrought. C.Heavyrainfall. D.Severeinsectdamage.9.WhatwastheimpactofbadweatheronpotatoesinEurope?A.Increaseddeathrate. B.Delayednewplanting.C.Shortergrowthcycle. D.Shorterharvestingperiod.10.Howwillconsecutivebadweatherinfluencethefoodsupply?A.Itwillleadtoanincreaseinthevarietyofcrops.BItwillforceEuropetorelymoreonfoodimports.C.Itwillrequiresimplerandmoreflexiblesupplychains.D.Itwillbeharderforcropsandrelatedindustriestorecover.11.Whatmightbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?A.FromDroughttoFlood B.FoodShortageontheWayC.SayingGoodbyetoCheapChips D.ExtremeWeatherandRisingPrices【答案】8.C9.D10.D11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要講述了極端天氣對農(nóng)作物價格及供應(yīng)鏈的影響?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thisyear,we’refacingadifferentconcept.Let’scallit“sogflation.”Ifheatflationreferstopriceincreasesasaresultofextremelyhightemperatures,sogflationisbornoutofextremeprecipitation.(今年，我們面對的是一個不同的概念。我們稱之為“水通脹”。如果熱通脹指的是極端高溫導(dǎo)致的價格上漲，那么極端降水就會導(dǎo)致水通脹)”可知，“sogflation”是由于強(qiáng)降雨造成的。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“ButlastautumnpoorweatherconditionsforcedharvestingtostopinEuropeafterjustthreeweeks,aswetsoilmeantfarmerscouldn’tgetcropsoutoftheground.(但去年秋天，惡劣的天氣條件迫使歐洲的收獲僅僅進(jìn)行了三周就停止了，因為潮濕的土壤意味著農(nóng)民無法從地里收獲莊稼)”可知，糟糕的天氣縮短了歐洲土豆的收獲期。故選D?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“ButHarryCampbell,amarketanalyst,saidthat,asconsecutive(連續(xù)的)yearsofbadweatherpileup,it’sincreasinglyhardtorecoverfromapoorseason.(但市場分析師哈里?坎貝爾表示，隨著連續(xù)數(shù)年惡劣天氣的累積，從一個糟糕的季節(jié)中恢復(fù)越來越困難)”可知，連續(xù)惡劣天氣對食品供應(yīng)的影響在于使農(nóng)作物和相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)恢復(fù)困難。故選D?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Thisyear,we’refacingadifferentconcept.Let’scallit“sogflation.”Ifheatflationreferstopriceincreasesasaresultofextremelyhightemperatures,sogflationisbornoutofextremeprecipitation.(今年，我們面對的是一個不同的概念。我們稱之為“水通脹”。如果熱通脹指的是極端高溫導(dǎo)致的價格上漲，那么極端降水就會導(dǎo)致水通脹)”以及文章主要講述了極端天氣對農(nóng)作物價格及供應(yīng)鏈的影響?？芍?，D選項“極端天氣和價格上漲”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選D。DOnacoldeveningin2016,GreatBasinslippedoutoftheshadowsandapproachedwhatlookedlikeametalcabinetlyingonitsside.Theraccooncouldsmellcatfoodwithin.but12latched(閂住)narrowdoorsblockedhisentry.SoGreatBasinjumpedonthetopandbegantofiddle(不停擺弄)withthelatchesupsidedown.Hequicklyopenedoneofthedoorsandfilledhisbelly.Raccoons—renownedfortheirabilitytojimmytheirwayintolockedgarbagecans—havelongbeenknownfortheircleverness.Butresearchershavelittlesenseofhowclevertheyreallyare.Astudypublishedrecentlymaychangethat.From2016to2017,LaurenStanton,anecologistwhowasdrawnbyraccoons’quickabilitytoadapttoenvironments,andhercolleaguesplacedsixpuzzleboxesinaresidentialbackyard.Puzzleboxesarestandardincognitionandbehaviorstudies,whereananimalclaws,grabs,orfiddleswithasinglelatcheddoorhidingsomefood.Butthescientistsdesignedanewtypeofboxwith24food-filledcompartments(分隔層)ratherthanthetypicalsinglecompartment,givingthemmoredatapointstoseehowraccoonsmightsolvenewproblems.Camerasrevealedsomesurprises.Inoneinstance,araccoonpushesaskunk(臭鼬)outofthewaytofiddlewithadifficultlatch,theneasilyopensit.Inanother,someraccoonswaitnearthepuzzleboxuntilanotherraccoonsolvesit,pushingitasideandgettingtherewardwithoutanywork.Inall,about25%oftheraccoonswereabletoopenatleastthreedoors,althoughthatwasnotasgoodasthe65%observedinthelab.In2017,Stanton’steamincreasedthedifficultylevel,introducinganewpuzzlewithfourdifferenttypesoflocks.Again,25%oftheraccoonsweresuccessful,demonstratingflexibilityinproblem-solving.Thefindingscouldhelpexplainhowraccoonsthriveinurbansettings,solvingthemany“puzzles”ofanurbanenvironment,saysBlakeMorton,ananimalbehav?orist.“Thisiswonderfulwhenstudiescomeoutlikethis,becauseitshowsthatwecandothesestudiesinthewild,andweshouldbedoingthem.”12.WhydidGreatBasinmakegreateffortstofiddlewiththelatches?A.Tohavefun. B.Toaccessthefoodinside.C.Toescapefromdanger. D.Toattractotherraccoons.13.WhatdidLaurenStanton’sresearchfocusonaboutraccoons?A.Theirinteractionpatterns. B.Theirproblem-solvingabilities.C.Theirfoodpreferences. D.Theiradaptabilityinthewild.14.HowdidLaurenStantonandher-colleaguestestraccoons’abilitytoadapt?A.Bycomparinglabandfieldfindings. B.Byobservingbehaviorsviacameras.C.Byemployingstandardpuzzleboxes. D.Bypresentingincreasinglychallengingtasks.15.WhatdoesBlakeMortonthinkofStanton’sstudies?A.Theyholdscientificvalueandshouldcontinue.B.Theyneedtoinvolvemoreanimalspeciesinthewild.C.Theyinspirenewwaystodealwithraccoonsincities.D.Theyoffernewinsightsintohuman-wildlifecoexistence.【答案】12.B13.B14.D15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了浣熊的聰明才智，特別是它們解決問題的能力，并通過勞倫·斯坦頓的研究來展示這一點(diǎn)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Theraccooncouldsmellcatfoodwithin,but12latched(閂住)narrowdoorsblockedhisentry.(浣熊能聞到里面有貓糧的味道，但12扇閂著的窄門擋住了它的去路)”和第二段中的“SoGreatBasinjumpedonthetopandbegantofiddle(不停擺弄)withthelatchesupsidedown.Hequicklyopenedoneofthedoorsandfilledhisbelly.(于是GreatBasin跳到上面，開始把門閂倒過來撥弄。它很快打開了一扇門，填飽了肚子)”可知，GreatBasin努力擺弄閂鎖是為了吃到里面的食物。故選B項?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“From2016to2017,LaurenStanton,anecologistwhowasdrawnbyraccoons’quickabilitytoadapttoenvironments,andhercolleaguesplacedsixpuzzleboxesinaresidentialbackyard.(2016年至2017年，生態(tài)學(xué)家勞倫·斯坦頓和她的同事在住宅后院放置了六個益智盒子，她被浣熊快速適應(yīng)環(huán)境的能力所吸引)”和“Butthescientistsdesignedanewtypeofboxwith24food-filledcompartments(分隔層)ratherthanthetypicalsinglecompartment,givingthemmoredatapointstoseehowraccoonsmightsolvenewproblems.(但科學(xué)家們設(shè)計了一種新型盒子，里面有24個裝滿食物的隔層，而不是典型的單個隔層，這為它們提供了更多的數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)，來觀察浣熊如何解決新問題)”可知，勞倫·斯坦頓的研究重點(diǎn)是浣熊解決問題的能力。故選B項。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Butthescientistsdesignedanewtypeofboxwith24food-filledcompartments(分隔層)ratherthanthetypicalsinglecompartment,givingthemmoredatapointstoseehowraccoonsmightsolvenewproblems.(但科學(xué)家們設(shè)計了一種新型的盒子，它有24個裝滿食物的隔間，而不是典型的單個隔間，這給了它們更多的數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)來觀察浣熊如何解決新問題)”和第六段中的“In2017,Stanton’steamincreasedthedifficultylevel,introducinganewpuzzlewithfourdifferenttypesoflocks.Again,25%oftheraccoonsweresuccessful,demonstratingflexibilityinproblem-solving.(2017年，斯坦頓的團(tuán)隊提高了難度級別，引入了一個帶有四種不同類型鎖的新謎題。同樣，25%的浣熊成功了，表現(xiàn)出解決問題的靈活性)”可知，勞倫?斯坦頓和她的同事們通過提出越來越具有挑戰(zhàn)性的任務(wù)來測試浣熊的適應(yīng)能力。故選D項。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中布萊克·莫頓的話“Thisiswonderfulwhenstudiescomeoutlikethis,becauseitshowsthatwecandothesestudiesinthewild,andweshouldbedoingthem.(這樣的研究結(jié)果真是太棒了，因為它表明我們可以在野外進(jìn)行這些研究，而且我們應(yīng)該這樣做)”可知，布萊克·莫頓認(rèn)為斯坦頓的研究具有科學(xué)價值，應(yīng)該繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。故選A項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Duringyourteenageyears,yourbodygoesthroughmanychanges,andyoumayormaynotlikehowyourbodydevelops.Youstartforminganimageofyourbody.___16___Youcandevelopeitherapositiveornegativebodyimage,dependingonyourmindset.Oneofthemajorcontributorsofanegativebodyimageispeerpressure.Evenifyoudonotthinkyouarebeingbulliedbyyourgroupoffriendsyoumaybelaughedatcasuallyaboutyourappearanceoryoumaysimplynoticethattheyseemmore“perfect”thanyou.Thiscanhaveanegativeimpactonyourbodyimage.___17___Often,anidealbodytypeispromotedheavilyonsocialnetworks.Culturemayalsohaveanegativeimpactonone’sbodyimage.Ifyourculturevaluesaparticularbodyimage,thenthatwouldmakeyouunhappyifyoudon’tmatchit.Anegativebodyimageincreasestheriskofunhealthybehaviorslikeextremedieting,overeating,overexercising,isolation,andriskysurgeries.Italsolowerslifesatisfactionandcanleadtounhappiness.___18___Tohaveamorepositivebodyimage,firstacceptthatwearealluniqueindividuals.Imagineifeveryonelookedthesame,theworldwouldbeaboringplace.___19___Beautystandardskeepchangingallthetime.What’smore,modelsandcelebritiesyouseeinthemediamaylook“perfect”fortheera,but,infact,muchofitisduetomakeup,anglesandlightingandPhotoshop!___20___Avoidcommentingonothers’looks,andyouwillstopcriticizingyourselftoo.Ifyouhavepeerswhoconstantlycommentaboutyourappearance,itmightbetimetore-evaluatethecompanyyoukeep.Remember,yourbodyimageissimplyYOURperception(感知)ofyourbody.ThismeansYOUhavethepowertochangethis,evenifyoudonothavetheabilitytochangetheperceptionofothers.A.Yourbodyimageisinfluencedbymanyfactors.B.Anothermajorfactoriswhatisshowninthemedia.C.Itissimplyhowyousee,thinkandfeelaboutyourself.D.Moreimportantly,thereisnosuchthingasaperfectbody.E.Ingeneral,thekeytoapositivebodyimageisself-acceptance.F.Also,insteadoffocusingonappearances,learntovaluepeopleforwhotheyreallyare.G.Overfocusingonappearancecanstopyoufromappreciatingyourotherpositivequalities.【答案】16.C17.B18.E19.D20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了什么是身體形象以及應(yīng)該如何正確看待身體形象?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Duringyourteenageyears,yourbodygoesthroughmanychanges,andyoumayormaynotlikehowyourbodydevelops.Youstartforminganimageofyourbody.(在青少年時期，你的身體會經(jīng)歷很多變化，你可能喜歡也可能不喜歡你身體的發(fā)育方式。你開始形成自己身體的形象)”可知，本句承接上文，解釋什么是身體形象。故C選項“簡單地說，就是你如何看待、思考和感受自己”符合語境，故選C。【17題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Oneofthemajorcontributorsofanegativebodyimageispeerpressure.Evenifyoudonotthinkyouarebeingbulliedbyyourgroupoffriends,youmaybelaughedatcasuallyaboutyourappearanceoryoumaysimplynoticethattheyseemmore“perfect”thanyou.Thiscanhaveanegativeimpactonyourbodyimage.(負(fù)面身體形象的主要原因之一是同伴壓力。即使你認(rèn)為你沒有被你的一群朋友欺負(fù)，你可能會隨意被嘲笑你的外表，或者你可能只是注意到他們看起來比你更“完美”。這會對你的身體形象產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響)”以及后文“Often,anidealbodytypeispromotedheavilyonsocialnetworks.(通常，理想的體型在社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)上被大力宣傳)”可知，后文主要說明了社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)導(dǎo)致了負(fù)面身體形象，B選項中media對應(yīng)后文socialnetworks。故B選項“另一個主要因素是媒體所展示的內(nèi)容”符合語境，故選B?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Anegativebodyimageincreasestheriskofunhealthybehaviorslikeextremedieting,overeating,overexercising,isolation,andriskysurgeries.Italsolowerslifesatisfactionandcanleadtounhappiness.(負(fù)面的身體形象會增加不健康行為的風(fēng)險，比如極端節(jié)食、暴飲暴食、過度鍛煉、孤立和危險的手術(shù)。它還會降低生活滿意度，導(dǎo)致不快樂)”以及下一段“Tohaveamorepositivebodyimage,firstacceptthatwearealluniqueindividuals.(要有一個更積極的身體形象，首先要接受我們都是獨(dú)特的個體)”可知，上文主要說明了負(fù)面身體形象導(dǎo)致的負(fù)面影響，下一段提出了如何擁有積極的身體形象，故E選項“總的來說，積極的身體形象的關(guān)鍵是自我接納”符合語境，故選E?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Tohaveamorepositivebodyimage,firstacceptthatwearealluniqueindividuals.Imagineifeveryonelookedthesame,theworldwouldbeaboringplace.(要有一個更積極的身體形象，首先要接受我們都是獨(dú)特的個體。想象一下，如果每個人看起來都一樣，這個世界將是一個無聊的地方)”以及后文“Beautystandardskeepchangingallthetime.What’smore,modelsandcelebritiesyouseeinthemediamaylook“perfect”fortheera,but,infact,muchofitisduetomakeup,anglesandlightingandPhotoshop!(審美標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一直在變化。更重要的是，你在媒體上看到的模特和名人可能看起來“完美”，但事實上，這很大程度上是由于化妝、角度、燈光和PS！)”可知，上文指出每個人看起來一樣世界將會變得無聊，后文指出審美標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一直在變化，說明沒有完全完美的身體，因為審美標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一直在變化。故D選項“更重要的是，沒有完美的身材”符合語境，故選D?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Avoidcommentingonothers’looks,andyouwillstopcriticizingyourselftoo.Ifyouhavepeerswhoconstantlycommentaboutyourappearance,itmightbetimetore-evaluatethecompanyyoukeep.(避免評論別人的長相，你也會停止批評自己。如果你的同齡人經(jīng)常評論你的外表，也許是時候重新評估一下你的伙伴了)”可知，本段主要說明了不應(yīng)該評論別人的長相，即不要只關(guān)注外表，故F選項“另外，不要只關(guān)注外表，要學(xué)會珍視人們的內(nèi)在”符合語境，故選F。第三部分語言知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Recently,IhadthechanceofattendingabirdreleaseeventattheCarpenterNatureCenter.Thiseventnotonlyreconfirmedmy___21___intheresilience(韌性)ofnaturebutalsoprovidedalotofinspirationformyart.Several___22___birds,nurturedandcaredforbythedevotedstaffattheRaptorCenter,wereabouttosetoutontheirjourneybackto___23___.Icouldn’thelpbutreflectonmyown___24___withtheRaptorCenteryearsago,whenIhadthehonorofreleasingagreatowlintothewild.Thememorykept___25___meoftheprofoundconnectionthatwesharewiththenaturalworld.Duringtherecentevent,alongsidethebirdrelease,therewerealsoambassador(大使)birdspresent.Thesebirds,___26___toreturntothewildduetotheirinjuries,___27___educationalambassadors,enlighteningthe___28___aboutthewondersofthesegrandcreatures.Itwasduringmyinteractionwithoneoftheseambassadorsthattheseedof___29___formynewesthawkpaintingwasplanted.Thecomplicateddetailsofitsfeathers,thepiercinggaze,andtheuntamed(未被馴服的)spirit___30___myimagination,lightingacreativefirewithinme.Theseexperiencesandthecontinuousstudyofwildlifelaythegroundworkformyfuture___31___.Eachencounterwiththesecreatures,whetherinthewildorinthe___32___ofdevotedprofessionals,deepensmyunderstandingoftheircore.It___33___metocapturenotjusttheirphysicalformbutalsotheir___34___.Asanartist,theseencounterswithwildlifefuelmy___35___spiritanddeepenmyconnectiontothenaturalworld.21.A.belief B.success C.interest D.progress22.A.marked B.injured C.trapped D.trained23.A.safety B.adventure C.freedom D.independence24.A.deal B.discussion C.encounter D.experiment25.A.informing B.warning C.convincing D.reminding26.A.unwilling B.unable C.unhappy D.unlucky27.A.serveas B.competefor C.turnto D.helpwith28.A.staff B.artists C.public D.hunters29.A.determination B.love C.curiosity D.inspiration30.A.challenged B.limited C.captured D.changed31.A.plans B.choices C.releases D.artworks32.A.care B.presence C.control D.study33.A.persuades B.allows C.forces D.promises34.A.beauty B.spirit C.future D.difference35.A.creative B.free C.adventurous D.optimistic【答案】21.A22.B23.C24.C25.D26.B27.A28.C29.D30.C31.D32.A33.B34.B35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者有機(jī)會參加了在卡彭特自然中心舉行的鳥類放飛活動，在和動物接觸的過程中，動物也為作者的藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作提供了靈感?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這件事不僅再次確認(rèn)了我對自然的韌性的信念，也為我的藝術(shù)提供了很多靈感。A.belief信念；B.success成功；C.interest興趣；D.progress進(jìn)步。根據(jù)后文“intheresilienceofnature”可知，指作者對自然的韌性的信念，其他選項不符合語境。故選A。【22題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：幾只受傷的鳥，在猛禽中心敬業(yè)的工作人員的照顧和照顧下，即將踏上回歸自由的旅程。A.marked明顯的；B.injured受傷的；C.trapped被困住的；D.trained訓(xùn)練過的。根據(jù)后文“duetoth